Rate Of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Research Articles

Identification of severe acute pediatric asthma phenotypes using unsupervised machine learning.

More targeted management of severe acute pediatric asthma could improve clinical outcomes. To identify distinct clinical phenotypes of severe acute pediatric asthma using variables obtained in the first 12 h of hospitalization. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a quaternary care children's hospital from 2014 to 2022. Encounters for children ages 2-18 years admitted to the hospital for asthma were included. We used consensus k means clustering with patient demographics, vital signs, diagnostics, and laboratory data obtained in the first 12 h of hospitalization. The study population included 683 encounters divided into derivation (80%) and validation (20%) sets, and two distinct clusters were identified. Compared to Cluster 1 in the derivation set, Cluster 2 encounters (177 [32%]) were older (11 years [8; 14] vs. 5 years [3; 8]; p < .01) and more commonly males (63% vs. 53%; p = .03) of Black race (51% vs. 40%; p = .03) with non-Hispanic ethnicity (96% vs. 84%; p < .01). Cluster 2 encounters had smaller improvements in vital signs at 12-h including percent change in heart rate (-1.7 [-11.7; 12.7] vs. -7.8 [-18.5; 1.7]; p < .01), and respiratory rate (0.0 [-20.0; 22.2] vs. -11.4 [-27.3; 9.0]; p < .01). Encounters in Cluster 2 had lower percentages of neutrophils (70.0 [55.0; 83.0] vs. 85.0 [77.0; 90.0]; p < .01) and higher percentages of lymphocytes (17.0 [8.0; 32.0] vs. 9.0 [5.3; 14.0]; p < .01). Cluster 2 encounters had higher rates of invasive mechanical ventilation (23% vs. 5%; p < .01), longer hospital length of stay (4.5 [2.6; 8.8] vs. 2.9 [2.0; 4.3]; p < .01), and a higher mortality rate (7.3% vs. 0.0%; p < .01). The predicted cluster assignments in the validation set shared the same ratio (~2:1), and many of the same characteristics. We identified two clinical phenotypes of severe acute pediatric asthma which exhibited distinct clinical features and outcomes.

Manifestation of epidemic process, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult patients in the early period of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic became a challenge and caused significant social and economic damage to most countries. For the most objective assessment of the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 during different periods of the epidemic, studies based on a large volume of data on patients identified throughout the Russian Federation are necessary. AIM: To analyze the epidemic process and clinical and epidemiological features of adult patients with COVID-19 identified during the first and second periods of the rise and decline in the incidence of COVID-19 in Russia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included patients aged ≥18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and identified in the periods from March 2, 2020, to June 30, 2020 (n=286,205) and from November 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021 (n=1 655 022), in Russia. RESULTS: At the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia, two periods of the rise and fall in incidence were noted: March–August 2020 and September 2020–May 2021, using the Wald–Wolfowitz test. The median age of the patients with COVID-19 in the first and second periods were 50.0 [37–62] and 52.0 [39–64] years, respectively, and women accounted for 55.5 and 60.1% of the patients, respectively. The distributions of patients according to disease severity in the first and second periods were as follows: mild, 63.0 and 74.4%; moderate, 29.0 and 20.1%; severe, 4.9 and 3.5%; extremely severe, 3.1 and 2.1%, respectively. In the first and second periods, cases were dominated by patients aged 50–59 years (20.5%) and 60–69 years (20.5%), respectively. In both periods, the median duration from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 4 days, the median disease durations were 16.0 [12–21] and 13 [10–17], and the median duration of hospitalization were 15.0 [12–20] and 13.0 [10–18]. The hospitalization rates were 48.4 and 25.6% in the first and second periods; transfer rates to the ICU, 7.8 and 10.3%; and invasive mechanical ventilation rates, 5.6 and 7.7%, respectively. In both periods, the median age at death was 73 [66–82] years, with a higher proportion of men aged 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years. The presence of one or more chronic diseases, as well as male sex, increased the likelihood of death (odds ratio = 10.2 and 1.3 in the first period; odds ratio = 16.0 and 1.6 in the second period). CONCLUSIONS: In the early period of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia, related to the spread of the wild strain of SARS-CoV-2 and genetically closely related variants, the manifestations of the epidemic process and clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients varied. In the second period with higher incidence and mortality rates than the first period, the frequency of severe and extremely severe COVID-19 and the frequency and duration of hospitalizations decreased; however, the frequency of transfers into the intensive care unit and artificial lung ventilation slightly increased.

Karayolu Trafik Kazaları Nedeniyle Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Takip Ve Tedavi Edilen Hastaların Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Aim:We aimed to investigate intensive care unit (ICU) treatments and factors associated with mortality in patients admitted to the ICU after road traffic accidents(RTAs). Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed patient comorbidities,features of traumas,alcohol use,Revised Trauma Score(RTS), interventions performed,ICU and hospital stays,the presence and extent of invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV),Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), Simplified Acute Physiology Scores (SAPS II), as well as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and NRS 2002 (Nutritional Risk Screening 2002) scores upon admission to the ICU. Brain death rates, transfusion rates, and ICU death rates were analyzed. Results: 90 of the 109 patients treated in the ICU for RTAs survived, and 19 patients (17.4%) died.GCS scores were lower and APACHE II scores were greater in the non-surviving patients than in the surviving patients (p &amp;lt; 0.0001). The number of patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was significantly higher in the non-surviving patient group(p &amp;lt; 0.0001).The most frequent etiology of trauma was non-vehicle traffic accidents(45%).The head was the most common site of traumas(71.5%).The GCS and RTS scores of non-survivor patients were significantly lower(p = 0.013,p = 0.001,respectively), and the APACHE II and SAPS II scores were higher(p &amp;lt; 0.001).It was found that the rates of intubation(100%),CPR(47.4%), and IMV(100%) in non-surviving patients outweighed in surviving patients( p= 0.005,p &amp;lt; 0.001, and p = 0.012,respectively). Conclusion:Multiple parameters are influential for determining the prognoses of patients treated in the ICU for traumas caused by RTAs.In particular,a high APACHE II score and CPR requirement are associated with mortality.

Use of inflammatory markers as predictor for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients with stages IIIb-V chronic kidney disease?

Studies have shown elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) to predict mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Its utility is unknown in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), who have elevated baseline CRP levels due to chronic inflammation and reduced renal clearance. To assess whether an association exists between elevated inflammatory markers and MV rate in patients with stages IIIb-V CKD and COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients with COVID-19 and stages IIIb-V CKD. The primary outcome was the rate of invasive MV, the rate of noninvasive MV, and the rate of no MV. Statistical analyses used unpaired t-test for continuous variables and chi-square analysis for categorical variables. Cutoffs for variables were CRP: 100 mg/L, ferritin: 530 ng/mL, D-dimer: 0.5 mg/L, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): 590 U/L. 290 were screened, and 118 met the inclusion criteria. CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin were significantly different among the three groups. On univariate analysis for invasive MV (IMV), CRP had an odds ratio (OR)-5.44; ferritin, OR-2.8; LDH, OR-7.7; D-dimer, OR-3.9, (P < 0.05). The admission CRP level had an area under curve-receiver operator characteristic (AUROC): 0.747 for the IMV group (sensitivity-80.8%, specificity-50%) and 0.663 for the non-IMV (NIMV) group (area under the curve, sensitivity-69.2%, specificity-53%). Our results demonstrate a positive correlation between CRP, ferritin, and D-dimer levels and MV and NIMV rates in CKD patients. The AUROC demonstrates a good sensitivity for CRP levels in detecting the need for MV in patients with stages IIIb-V CKD. This may be because of the greater magnitude of increased inflammation due to COVID-19 itself compared with increased inflammation and reduced clearance due to CKD alone.

Incidence, risk factors and outcome of acute kidney injury in critically ill COVID-19 patients in Tyrol, Austria: a prospective multicenter registry study

IntroductionAcute kidney injury is a frequent complication in critically ill patients with and without COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of, and risk factors for, acute kidney injury and its effect on clinical outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients in Tyrol, Austria.MethodsThis multicenter prospective registry study included adult patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, who were treated in one of the 12 dedicated intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic from February 2020 until May 2022.ResultsIn total, 1042 patients were included during the study period. The median age of the overall cohort was 66 years. Of the included patients, 267 (26%) developed acute kidney injury during their intensive care unit stay. In total, 12.3% (n = 126) required renal replacement therapy with a median duration of 9 (IQR 3–18) days. In patients with acute kidney injury the rate of invasive mechanical ventilation was significantly higher with 85% (n = 227) compared to 41% (n = 312) in the no acute kidney injury group (p < 0.001). The most important risk factors for acute kidney injury were invasive mechanical ventilation (OR = 4.19, p < 0.001), vasopressor use (OR = 3.17, p < 0.001) and chronic kidney disease (OR = 2.30, p < 0.001) in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Hospital and intensive care unit mortality were significantly higher in patients with acute kidney injury compared to patients without acute kidney injury (Hospital mortality: 52.1% vs. 17.2%, p < 0.001, ICU-mortality: 47.2% vs. 14.7%, p < 0.001).ConclusionAs in non-COVID-19 patients, acute kidney injury is clearly associated with increased mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Among known risk factors, invasive mechanical ventilation has been identified as an independent and strong predictor of acute kidney injury.Graphical abstract

Isolation of Epstein-Barr virus-deoxyribonucleic acid in the lower respiratory tract for distinguishing critically ill patients from those with influenza-associated pneumonia: A pilot study.

When influenza A-related pneumonia is complicated by bacteria, aspergillus, and other infections, the disease is aggravated, while there is no research on the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) on patients with influenza A-related pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the isolation of EBV and influenza A-related pneumonia. This is a clinical study based on the baseline data of a retrospective cohort. A total of 113 cases of influenza A-related pneumonia who underwent polymerase chain reaction test for isolation of EBV-DNA in lower respiratory tract specimens during six influenza seasons from 2013-2014 to 2018-2019 were enrolled. According to the results of EBV-DNA, patients were divided into EBV-positive group and EBV-negative group, and the role of EBV-DNA on patients with influenza A-related pneumonia was analyzed. Regression analysis was used to explore the potential risk factors for the development of moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with influenza A-related pneumonia during hospitalization. Among 113 patients with influenza A-related pneumonia, there were 53 patients with EBV-positive and 60 patients with EBV-negative. The EBV-positive group had higher intensive care unit admission rate, hospital stay, invasive mechanical ventilation rate, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rate, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and moderate-to-severe ARDS rate. Patients were divided into severe group and mild group. Patients in severe group had lower lymphocyte count, platelet count, and albumin level, while the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin were higher in severe group. The levels of D-dimer, serum ferritin, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin were higher in severe group than those in the mild group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the isolation of EBV (odds ratio = 2.713, 95% confidence interval: 1.094-6.729, P = 0.031) and lymphocyte count (odds ratio = 3.585, 95% confidence interval: 1.157-11.101, P = 0.027) were independent risk factors for moderate-to-severe ARDS in patients with influenza A-related pneumonia. The isolation rate of EBV in the lower respiratory tract was 46.9%. The length of hospital stays, intensive care unit admission rate, invasive mechanical ventilation rate, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rate, SOFA score, and the proportion of moderate-to-severe ARDS in the EBV-positive group were higher than those in the EBV-negative group, while there was no effect on the death during hospitalization. The isolation of EBV in the lower respiratory tract and low lymphocyte count are independent risk factors for the development of moderate-to-severe ARDS in patients with influenza A-related pneumonia.

The Modified Clinical Progression Scale for Pediatric Patients: Evaluation as a Severity Metric and Outcome Measure in Severe Acute Viral Respiratory Illness.

To develop, evaluate, and explore the use of a pediatric ordinal score as a potential clinical trial outcome metric in children hospitalized with acute hypoxic respiratory failure caused by viral respiratory infections. We modified the World Health Organization Clinical Progression Scale for pediatric patients (CPS-Ped) and assigned CPS-Ped at admission, days 2-4, 7, and 14. We identified predictors of clinical improvement (day 14 CPS-Ped ≤ 2 or a three-point decrease) using competing risks regression and compared clinical improvement to hospital length of stay (LOS) and ventilator-free days. We estimated sample sizes (80% power) to detect a 15% clinical improvement. North American pediatric hospitals. Three cohorts of pediatric patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure receiving intensive care: two influenza (pediatric intensive care influenza [PICFLU], n = 263, 31 sites; PICFLU vaccine effectiveness [PICFLU-VE], n = 143, 17 sites) and one COVID-19 ( n = 237, 47 sites). None. Invasive mechanical ventilation rates were 71.4%, 32.9%, and 37.1% for PICFLU, PICFLU-VE, and COVID-19 with less than 5% mortality for all three cohorts. Maximum CPS-Ped (0 = home at respiratory baseline to 8 = death) was positively associated with hospital LOS ( p < 0.001, all cohorts). Across the three cohorts, many patients' CPS-Ped worsened after admission (39%, 18%, and 49%), with some patients progressing to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (19%, 11%, and 17%). Despite this, greater than 76% of patients across cohorts clinically improved by day 14. Estimated sample sizes per group using CPS-Ped to detect a percentage increase in clinical improvement were feasible (influenza 15%, n = 142; 10%, n = 225; COVID-19, 15% n = 208) compared with mortality ( n > 21,000, all), and ventilator-free days (influenza 15%, n = 167). The CPS-Ped can be used to describe the time course of illness and threshold for clinical improvement in hospitalized children and adolescents with acute respiratory failure from viral infections. This outcome measure could feasibly be used in clinical trials to evaluate in-hospital recovery.

Effect of Serum Uric Acid Level on Severity of Respiratory Failure and Mortality in COVID-19 Critical Patients

Objective: Routine laboratory parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, ferritin, d-dimer are used to estimate the clinical severity and mortality of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because of the limited specificity of these parameters and their variability between patients, more specific parameters are needed. It is thought that there may be a relationship between uric acid levels and the severity and mortality of COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the relationship between daily serum uric acid measurements in the first 10 days of follow-up in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and mortality. Methods: With the approval of the ethics committee, 151 eligible patients were screened through the ICU patient records and routine laboratory data on the computer. Serum uric acid measurements, demographic and clinical characteristics, IMV needs and mortality rates at the first admission to the hospital and in the first 10 days in the ICU were recorded retrospectively. Results: In the analysis, rate of IMV was 60.3% and mortality was 53.6%. No significant correlation was found between the uric acid levels measured at the time of first hospitalization and in the ICU follow-up and the need for IMV. In the comparison between deceased and survived patient groups; the uric acid levels were found to be higher on the 3rd and 4th days of the ICU in the deceased group than in the survivors (p=0.023, p=0.037, respectively). Conclusion: The increase in uric acid levels on the 3rd and 4th days in COVID-19 patients requiring ICU admission seems to be significant in the estimation of mortality. Serum uric acid level can be a useful parameter in determining the prognosis in the ICU follow-up of this group patients. Keywords: Intensive care, uric acid, COVID 19, mortality, mechanical ventilation

Use of Mechanical Ventilation Across 3 Countries

The ability to provide invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a mainstay of modern intensive care; however, whether rates of IMV vary among countries is unclear. To estimate the per capita rates of IMV in adults across 3 high-income countries with large variation in per capita intensive care unit (ICU) bed availability. This cohort study examined 2018 data of patients aged 20 years or older who received IMV in England, Canada, and the US. The country in which IMV was received. The main outcome was the age-standardized rate of IMV and ICU admissions in each country. Rates were stratified by age, specific diagnoses (acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolus, upper gastrointestinal bleed), and comorbidities (dementia, dialysis dependence). Data analyses were conducted between January 1, 2021, and December 1, 2022. The study included 59 873 hospital admissions with IMV in England (median [IQR] patient age, 61 [47-72] years; 59% men, 41% women), 70 250 in Canada (median [IQR] patient age, 65 [54-74] years; 64% men, 36% women), and 1 614 768 in the US (median [IQR] patient age, 65 [54-74] years; 57% men, 43% women). The age-standardized rate per 100 000 population of IMV was the lowest in England (131; 95% CI, 130-132) compared with Canada (290; 95% CI, 288-292) and the US (614; 95% CI, 614-615). Stratified by age, per capita rates of IMV were more similar across countries among younger patients and diverged markedly in older patients. Among patients aged 80 years or older, the crude rate of IMV per 100 000 population was highest in the US (1788; 95% CI, 1781-1796) compared with Canada (694; 95% CI, 679-709) and England (209; 95% CI, 203-214). Concerning measured comorbidities, 6.3% of admitted patients who received IMV in the US had a diagnosis of dementia (vs 1.4% in England and 1.3% in Canada). Similarly, 5.6% of admitted patients in the US were dependent on dialysis prior to receiving IMV (vs 1.3% in England and 0.3% in Canada). This cohort study found that patients in the US received IMV at a rate 4 times higher than in England and twice that in Canada in 2018. The greatest divergence was in the use of IMV among older adults, and patient characteristics among those who received IMV varied markedly. The differences in overall use of IMV among these countries highlight the need to better understand patient-, clinician-, and systems-level choices associated with the varied use of a limited and expensive resource.

Rheumatoid factor is associated with severe COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been proposed as triggering autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and clinical significance of autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19. We retrospectively collected data from 245 patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19. All patients were tested for the presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA), and anti-cytoplasmic neutrophil antibody (ANCA). Risk factors for death and critical COVID-19, defined as the need for invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, were analyzed. Ninety (36.7%) patients tested positive for ANA, and 51 (20.8%) patients tested positive for RF. Three patients each (1.2%) tested positive for ACPA and ANCA. RF-positive patients had higher rates of invasive mechanical ventilation and death than RF-negative patients (70.6% vs 28.4%, P < 0.001 and 45.1% vs 18.6%, P < 0.001, respectively). Underlying lung disease, kidney disease, heart disease, quick COVID severity index (qCSI), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were associated with in-hospital death. RF (odds ratio [OR] 7.31, 95% CI 2.50-21.37, P < 0.001), qCSI (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.19-1.69, P < 0.001), and LDH (OR 1.004, 95% CI 1.002-1.005, P < 0.001) were associated with critical COVID-19. Combination of RF, qCSI, and LDH showed good prognostic value (area under the curve=0.903, P < 0.001) for critical COVID-19. ANA and RF were frequently detected in COVID-19 patients. RF could be a risk factor for critical COVID-19. The results of this study suggest immune dysfunction contributes to the complications of COVID-19.

High-Dose vs. Low-Dose Dexamethasone in Patients With COVID-19: A Cohort Study in Rural Central America.

To compare the clinical outcomes of a low dose dexamethasone strategy vs. a high-dose dexamethasone strategy in hypoxemic COVID-19 patients. A retrospective observational study comparing low-dose (8 mg) and high-dose dexamethasone (24 mg) of COVID-19 patients admitted from September 1, 2020 to October 31, 2020 in a hospital in Honduras. We included 81 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who required oxygen therapy. The mean age was similar between groups (57.49 vs. 56.95 years). There were more male patients in the group of 24 mg ( p = 0.01). Besides, patients on the 24 mg dose had more prevalence of hypertension ( p = 0.052). More patients in the 24 mg group had a higher rate of invasive mechanical ventilation (15.00% vs. 2.56%, p = 0.058). When evaluating the association between the high dose group and outcomes, we find no significant association with mortality, nosocomial infections, high flow mask, invasive mechanical ventilation, or the need for vasopressors. We find no significant differences in the Kaplan-Meier analysis regarding the survival (log-rank p -value = 0.315). We did not find significant differences between the use of 24 mg and 8 mg of dexamethasone in hypoxemic COVID-19 patients.

Characteristics and outcomes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the intensive care unit due to acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.

The study aimed to describe the clinical course, outcomes, and prognostic factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. This retrospective study involved patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to COPD of any cause admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) support between December 2015 and February 2020. One hundred patients were evaluated. The main causes of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure were bronchitis, pneumonia, and heart failure. The patients' mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 23.0±7.2, and their IMV rate was 43%. ICU, in-hospital, and 90-day mortality rates were 21%, 29%, and 39%, respectively. Non-survivors had more pneumonia, shock within the first 24 hours of admission, IMV, vasopressor use, and renal replacement therapy, along with higher APACHE II scores, lower admission albumin levels and PaO2/ FiO2 ratios, and longer ICU and hospital stays than survivors. Logistic regression analysis identified APACHE II score (odds ratio [OR], 1.157; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.017-1.317; P=0.026), admission PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.978-0.999; P=0.046), and vasopressor use (OR, 8.827; 95% CI, 1.650-47.215; P=0.011) as predictors of ICU mortality. APACHE II score (OR, 1.099; 95% CI, 1.021-1.182; P=0.011) and admission albumin level (OR, 0.169; 95% CI, 0.056-0.514; P=0.002) emerged as predictors of 90-day mortality. APACHE II scores, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio, vasopressor use, and albumin levels are significant short-term mortality predictors in severely ill COPD patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.

The relationship between probiotics and retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants: A population-based retrospective study in China.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vascular disease with a high incidence in premature infants and is a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. The purpose of our study was to analyze the association between the use of probiotics and retinopathy of prematurity. This study retrospectively collected clinical data of premature infants with gestational age <32 weeks and birth weight <1500 g admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 in Suzhou Municipal Hospital, China. Demographic and clinical data of the inclusion population were collected. The outcome was the occurrence of ROP. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, while the t-test and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U rank-sum test were used for continuous variables. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between probiotics and ROP. A total of 443 preterm infants met the inclusion criteria, of which 264 didn't receive probiotics and 179 were supplemented with probiotics. There were 121 newborns with ROP in the included population. The results of univariate analysis showed that the preterm infants with and without probiotics were significantly different in the gestational age, the birth weight, the one-minute Apgar score, the oxygen inhalation time, the acceptance rate of invasive mechanical ventilation, the prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, ROP and severe intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia (P < 0.05). Unadjusted univariate logistic regression model result showed that probiotics (OR 0.383, 95% CI 0.240∼0.611) were the factors affecting ROP in preterm infants (P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression result (OR 0.575, 95% CI 0.333∼0.994) was consistent with univariate analysis (P < 0.05). This study showed that probiotic was associated with a reduced risk of ROP in preterm infants with gestational age of <32 weeks and birth weight of <1500 g, but more large-scale prospective studies are still needed.

Clinical observation of glucocorticoid therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

We aimed to investigate the clinical effects of intravenous glucocorticoid (GC) therapy for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Seventy-two patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who were discharged or died between 5 January 2020 and 3 March 2020 at Huangshi Infectious Disease Hospital were included. Patients were divided into a treatment group (GC group) and non-treatment group (non-GC group) according to whether they had received GCs within 7 days of hospital admission. There was no significant difference between groups for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and 28-day survival rate. The rate of invasive mechanical ventilation was higher in the GC group than in the non-GC group. On day 7 after admission, the GC group had shorter fever duration and higher white blood cell count than the non-GC group. In subgroup analysis by age and severity, there was no significant difference in 28-day survival rate and other indicators. Compared with those in the non-GC group, patients in the GC group more frequently required admission to the intensive care unit. In the present study, we found no significant improvement in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with GCs within 7 days of admission.

Blood Eosinophils and Clinical Outcomes in Inpatients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.

The prognostic value of blood eosinophils in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether blood eosinophils could predict in-hospital mortality and other adverse outcomes in inpatients with AECOPD. The patients hospitalized for AECOPD were prospectively enrolled from ten medical centers in China. Peripheral blood eosinophils were detected on admission, and the patients were divided into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic groups with 2% as the cutoff value. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. A total of 12,831 AECOPD inpatients were included. The non-eosinophilic group was associated with higher in-hospital mortality than the eosinophilic group in the overall cohort (1.8% vs 0.7%, P < 0.001), the subgroup with pneumonia (2.3% vs 0.9%, P = 0.016) or with respiratory failure (2.2% vs 1.1%, P = 0.009), but not in the subgroup with ICU admission (8.4% vs 4.5%, P = 0.080). The lack of association still remained even after adjusting for confounding factors in subgroup with ICU admission. Being consistent across the overall cohort and all subgroups, non-eosinophilic AECOPD was also related to greater rates of invasive mechanical ventilation (4.3% vs 1.3%, P < 0.001), ICU admission (8.9% vs 4.2%, P < 0.001), and, unexpectedly, systemic corticosteroid usage (45.3% vs 31.7%, P < 0.001). Non-eosinophilic AECOPD was associated with longer hospital stay in the overall cohort and subgroup with respiratory failure (both P < 0.001) but not in those with pneumonia (P = 0.341) or ICU admission (P = 0.934). Peripheral blood eosinophils on admission may be used as an effective biomarker to predict in-hospital mortality in most AECOPD inpatients, but not in patients admitted into ICU. Eosinophil-guided corticosteroid therapy should be further studied to better guide the administration of corticosteroids in clinical practice.

Effect of continuing the use of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors on mortality in patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis

BackgroundThe effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on mortality was preliminarily explored through the comparison of ACEIs/ARBs with non-ACEIs/ARBs in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Reaching a conclusion on whether previous ACEI/ARB treatment should be continued in view of the different ACE2 levels in the comparison groups was not unimpeachable. Therefore, this study aimed to further elucidate the effect of ACEI/ARB continuation on hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in the same patient population.MethodsWe searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Ovid, and Embase for relevant articles published between December 1, 2019 and April 30, 2022. Continuation of ACEI/ARB use after hospitalization due to COVID-19 was considered as an exposure and discontinuation of ACEI/ARB considered as a control. The primary outcome was hospital mortality, and the secondary outcomes included 30-day mortality, rate of ICU admission, IMV, and other clinical outcomes.ResultsSeven observational studies and four randomized controlled trials involving 2823 patients were included. The pooled hospital mortality in the continuation group (13.04%, 158/1212) was significantly lower than that (22.15%, 278/1255) in the discontinuation group (risk ratio [RR] = 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28–0.72; P = 0.001). Continuation of ACEI/ARB use was associated with lower rates of ICU admission (10.5% versus 16.2%, RR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.5–0.79; P < 0.0001) and IMV (8.2% versus 12.5%, RR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.46–0.83, P = 0.001). Nevertheless, the effect was mainly demonstrated in the observational study subgroup (P < 0.05). Continuing ACEI/ARB had no significant effect on 30-day mortality (P = 0.34), acute myocardial infarction (P = 0.08), heart failure (P = 0.82), and acute kidney injury after hospitalization (P = 0.98).ConclusionPrevious ACEI/ARB treatment could be continued since it was associated with lower hospital deaths, ICU admission, and IMV in patients with COVID-19, although the benefits of continuing use were mainly shown in observational studies. More evidence from multicenter RCTs are still needed to increase the robustness of the data.Trial registration PROSPERO (CRD42022341169). Registered 27 June 2022

1086. COVID-19 in a Comprehensive Cancer Center: 2020-2022

Abstract Background Patients with COVID-19 and underlying malignancies, particularly those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 disease. Our retrospective cohort study examines the outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with different underlying malignancies admitted to a 710- beds comprehensive cancer center during the first 2 years of the pandemic. Methods All patients with cancer admitted to MD Anderson Cancer Center with a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 were included in a clinical case registry from 3/22/20 (first hospitalized COVID-19 patient) to 3/31/22. This clinical registry was approved at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic by the Quality Improvement Assessment Board at MDACC. Clinical information including type of malignancy, date of admission, length of stay, need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and in-hospital mortality was obtained from their electronic medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-proportion z-test where p&amp;lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 1748 patients with cancer and COVID-19 infection were admitted over a 2-year period (3.2% of total hospital admissions during the same period), 49% had hematological malignancies (HM) (see table). Patients with HM had significantly higher readmission rates (17.3% vs 9.1%, p&amp;lt; 0.0001), IMV rates (7.8% vs 4.4%, p=0.0029), and inpatient mortality rates (13.6% vs 7.1%, p&amp;lt; 0.0001). compared to patients with solid tumors (ST). Total mortality rate was 8.8% (154 patients), even higher in patients with different types of HM, such as lymphoma 18.1%, AML 14.2%, MM 8.4%, CML 7.1% while the mortality for ST was 7.1%. COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients at UT-MDACC (3/22/20-3/31/22) UT-MDACC: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center *p-value &amp;lt;0.01 for z-test of 2 proportions (one-tailed) Conclusion HM patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection had more severe disease and worse outcomes based on readmissions, IMV, and mortality rates. Preventive measures, prompt diagnosis and early treatments should be considered on this patient population. Disclosures Roy F. Chemaly, MD/MPH, Karius: Advisor/Consultant|Karius: Grant/Research Support.

Mortality of COVID-19 in Patients with Hematological Malignancies Versus Solid Tumors: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: As of May 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic has been the cause of 6.3 million deaths worldwide and over one million deaths in the United States. Cancer patients are more vulnerable to COVID-19 compared to the general population, but it remains unclear which types of cancer have the highest risk of COVID-19-related mortality. This study examines mortality rates for those with hematological malignancies (Hem) versus solid tumors (Tumor). Methods: PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for relevant articles using Nested Knowledge software (Nested Knowledge, St Paul, MN). Articles were eligible for inclusion if they reported mortality for Hem or Tumor patients with COVID-19. Articles were excluded if they were not published in English, non-clinical studies, had insufficient population/outcomes reporting, or were irrelevant. Baseline characteristics collected included age, sex, and comorbidities. Primary outcomes were all-cause and COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included rates of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Effect sizes from each study were computed as logarithmically transformed odds ratios (ORs) with random effects, and Mantel-Haenszel weighting. The between-study variance component of random-effects models was computed using restricted effects maximum likelihood estimation, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) around pooled effect sizes were calculated using Hartung-Knapp adjustments. Results: 12,057 patients were included in the analysis, with 2,714 (22.5%) patients in the Hem group and 9,343 (77.5%) patients in the Tumor group. The overall unadjusted odds of all-cause mortality were 1.64 times higher in the Hem group compared to the Tumor group (95% CI: 1.30-2.09) [Fig. 1]. This finding was consistent with multivariable models presented in moderate- and high-quality cohort studies, suggestive of a causal effect of cancer type on in-hospital mortality. Additionally, the Hem group had increased odds of COVID-19-related mortality compared to the Tumor group (OR=1.86 [95% CI: 1.38-2.49]) [Fig.2]. There was no significant difference in odds of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation or ICU admission between cancer groups (OR=1.13 [95% CI: 0.64-2.00] and OR=1.59 [95% CI: 0.95-2.66], respectively). Discussion: The current study fills a gap in the literature by comparing mortality for patients with hematological versus solid cancers. While the mechanism of action is unclear, it is possible that the hematological manifestations of COVID-19 interact with the hematological cancer disease state to result in worse outcomes for these patients. COVID-19 is known to cause leukopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia in those infected, which contribute to a prothrombotic state and can serve as predictors of patient outcome. D-dimer levels are also associated with thrombosis, and studies have shown that underlying cancer may elevate D-dimer levels for patients with COVID-19, increasing likelihood of severe illness or mortality. Furthermore, evidence shows that hematological cancer patients have a significantly lower seroconversion rate following COVID-19 vaccination compared to those with solid tumors, suggesting a weaker immune response upon infection with COVID-19. Conclusions: Cancer is a serious comorbidity associated with severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients, with especially alarming mortality rates in patients with hematological malignancies, which are typically higher compared to patients with solid tumors. A meta-analysis of individual patient data is needed to better assess the impact of specific cancer types on patient outcomes and to identify optimal treatment strategies. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Association Between Preexisting Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Fluid Administration Among Patients With Sepsis

Intravenous fluid administration is recommended to improve outcomes for patients with septic shock. However, there are few data on fluid administration for patients with preexisting heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). To evaluate the association between preexisting HFrEF, guideline-recommended intravenous fluid resuscitation, and mortality among patients with community-acquired sepsis and septic shock. A cohort study was conducted of adult patients hospitalized in an integrated health care system from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2015, with community-acquired sepsis and preexisting assessment of cardiac function. Follow-up occurred through July 1, 2016. Data analyses were performed from November 1, 2020, to August 8, 2022. Preexisting heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (≤40%) measured by transthoracic echocardiogram within 1 year prior to hospitalization for sepsis. Multivariable models were adjusted for patient factors and sepsis severity and clustered at the hospital level to generate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs. The primary outcome was the administration of 30 mL/kg of intravenous fluid within 6 hours of sepsis onset. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit admission, rate of invasive mechanical ventilation, and administration of vasoactive medications. Of 5278 patients with sepsis (2673 men [51%]; median age, 70 years [IQR, 60-81 years]; 4349 White patients [82%]; median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, 4 [IQR, 3-5]), 884 (17%) had preexisting HFrEF, and 2291 (43%) met criteria for septic shock. Patients with septic shock and HFrEF were less likely to receive guideline-recommended intravenous fluid than those with septic shock without HFrEF (96 of 380 [25%] vs 699 of 1911 [37%]; P < .001), but in-hospital mortality was similar (47 of 380 [12%] vs 244 of 1911 [13%]; P = .83). In multivariable models, HFrEF was associated with a decreased risk-adjusted odds of receiving 30 mL/kg of intravenous fluid within the first 6 hours of sepsis onset (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47-0.85; P = .002). The risk-adjusted mortality was not significantly different among patients with HFrEF (aOR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.69-1.24; P = .59) compared with those without, and there was no interaction with intravenous fluid volume (aOR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98-1.03; P = .72). The results of this cohort study of patients with community-acquired septic shock suggest that preexisting HFrEF was common and was associated with reduced odds of receiving guideline-recommended intravenous fluids.

S1461 Investigating the Obesity Paradox in Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Exacerbation in the United States

Introduction: Obesity is a public health concern that is common among individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with increased dyspnea and poor quality of life. Despite these negative associations, however, evidence suggests that obese patients with COPD have lower mortality than underweight COPD patients. This “obesity paradox” has been studied in long-term outcomes of COPD, but studies evaluating the effect of obesity on in-hospital outcomes of COPD exacerbation are few. Herein we evaluate the obesity paradox in hospitalized patients with COPD exacerbation using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Methods: A cohort study was conducted using NIS data from 2016 to 2019. Adult hospitalizations with an admitting diagnosis of COPD exacerbation and a documented body mass index (BMI) were included in the study. Patients were stratified by BMI as underweight, normal weight, overweight, class 1 obesity, class 2 obesity, and class 3 obesity. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), non-invasive ventilation (NIV), and hospital length of stay (LOS). Multivariate analysis was used to adjust for outcomes. Covariates were selected using a univariate screen and literature review. Results: A total of 1,474,985 COPD exacerbation admissions were identified. In-hospital mortality was 6.1% in underweight, 5.8% in normal weight, 3.4% in overweight, and 1.9%, 1.7%, and 2.1% in class 1, class 2 and class 3 obesity groups, respectively (Table). Obesity class 1 and 2 had the lowest rates of IMV. Compared to normal weight patients, obese patients had greater rates of NIV, with class 3 obesity having the highest rate. LOS was lower in obese patients. After adjusting for potential confounders, both overweight and obesity were independently associated with higher rates of NIV and lower rates of IMV and mortality (Figure). Conclusion: This study demonstrates lower rates of mortality and IMV in obese patients admitted with COPD exacerbation. These findings support the existence of the obesity paradox in hospitalized patients with COPD exacerbation. However, several factors may confound the relation between obesity, COPD, and mortality, thus further prospective studies are needed to shed light on this complex phenomenon and its implications on healthcare.Figure 1.: Adjusted odds ratios for mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, and non-invasive ventilation across the different ranges of BMI in reference to normal weight (BMI 20-24.9). Table 1. - In-hospital outcomes in COPD exacerbation hospitalizations across multiple BMI ranges Outcome Underweight Normal weight Overweight Obesity class1 Obesity class 2 Obesity class 3 Mortality 6.1% (5.9% - 6.3%) 5.8% (5.4% - 6.1%) 3.4% (3.2% - 3.7%) 1.9% (1.8% - 2.0%) 1.7% (1.6% - 1.9%) 2.1% (2.1% - 2.2%) Invasive ventilation 9.9% (9.7% - 10.2%) 10.7% (10.3% - 11.2%) 9.5% (9.1% - 10.0%) 7.5% (7.1% - 7.6%) 7.4% (7.1% - 7.6%) 9.8% (9.6% - 10.0%) Non-invasive ventilation 15.4% (15.0% - 15.8%) 14.8% (14.2% - 15.4%) 16.0% (15.3% - 16.6%) 16.2% (15.7% - 16.8%) 16.9% (16.4% - 17.4%) 20.8% (20.3% - 21.3%) > 5 days length of stay 44.7% (44.3% - 45.2%) 48.7% (47.9% - 49.6%) 42.5% (41.7% - 43.4%) 35.8% (35.3% - 36.7%) 35.1% (34.6% - 35.6%) 38.9% (38.6% - 39.3%) Parenthetical ranges represent 95% confidence intervals.