Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Research Articles

Minimally Invasive Multiple Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting with Composite Graft Using in situ Right Gastroepiploic and Radial Arteries.

Minimally invasive surgery/coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) via left thoracotomy and multiple CABG is a reported alternative to the standard sternotomy approach. However, harvesting the right internal thoracic artery (RITA) under direct vision requires high surgical skill. We describe MICS CABG with the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) and a composite graft using the in situ right gastroepiploic artery (GEA) and radial artery (RA) to achieve complete coronary revascularization. No complications occurred, and postoperative computed tomography showed patency of all grafts. Our experience suggests that this composite graft can be used safely and effectively in MICS CABG for complete arterial revascularization without difficulty.

Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass as an option for redo coronary surgery in a frail octogenarian.

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Kędziora A, Konstanty-Kalandyk J, Litwinowicz R, Legutko J, Kapelak B, Piatek J. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass as an option for redo coronary surgery in a frail octogenarian. Advances in Interventional Cardiology/Postępy w Kardiologii Interwencyjnej. 2021. doi:10.5114/aic.2021.111941. APA Kędziora, A., Konstanty-Kalandyk, J., Litwinowicz, R., Legutko, J., Kapelak, B., & Piatek, J. (2021). Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass as an option for redo coronary surgery in a frail octogenarian. Advances in Interventional Cardiology/Postępy w Kardiologii Interwencyjnej. https://doi.org/10.5114/aic.2021.111941 Chicago Kędziora, Anna, Janusz Konstanty-Kalandyk, Radoslaw Litwinowicz, Jacek Legutko, Boguslaw Kapelak, and Jacek Piatek. 2021. "Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass as an option for redo coronary surgery in a frail octogenarian". Advances in Interventional Cardiology/Postępy w Kardiologii Interwencyjnej. doi:10.5114/aic.2021.111941. Harvard Kędziora, A., Konstanty-Kalandyk, J., Litwinowicz, R., Legutko, J., Kapelak, B., and Piatek, J. (2021). Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass as an option for redo coronary surgery in a frail octogenarian. Advances in Interventional Cardiology/Postępy w Kardiologii Interwencyjnej. https://doi.org/10.5114/aic.2021.111941 MLA Kędziora, Anna et al. "Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass as an option for redo coronary surgery in a frail octogenarian." Advances in Interventional Cardiology/Postępy w Kardiologii Interwencyjnej, 2021. doi:10.5114/aic.2021.111941. Vancouver Kędziora A, Konstanty-Kalandyk J, Litwinowicz R, Legutko J, Kapelak B, Piatek J. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass as an option for redo coronary surgery in a frail octogenarian. Advances in Interventional Cardiology/Postępy w Kardiologii Interwencyjnej. 2021. doi:10.5114/aic.2021.111941.

Neurological outcome after minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery (NOMICS): An observational prospective cohort study

Background/ObjectivesEndoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (Endo-CABG) is a minimally invasive CABG procedure with retrograde arterial perfusion. The main objective of this study is to assess neurocognitive outcome after Endo-CABG.Methods/DesignIn this prospective observational cohort study, patients were categorised into: Endo-CABG (n = 60), a comparative Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) group (n = 60) and a healthy volunteer group (n = 60). A clinical neurological examination was performed both pre- and postoperatively, delirium was assessed postoperatively. A battery of 6 neurocognitive tests, Quality of life (QoL) and the level of depressive feelings were measured at baseline and after 3 months. Patient Satisfaction after Endo-CABG was assessed at 3-month follow-up. Primary endpoints were incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), stroke and delirium after Endo-CABG. Secondary endpoints were QOL, patient satisfaction and the incidence of depressive feelings after Endo-CABG.ResultsIn total, 1 patient after Endo-CABG (1.72%) and 1 patient after PCI (1.67%) suffered from stroke during the 3-month follow-up. POCD in a patient is defined as a Reliable Change Index ≤-1.645 or Z-score ≤-1.645 in at least two tests, and was found in respectively 5 and 6 patients 3 months after Endo-CABG and PCI. Total incidence of POCD/stroke was not different (PCI: n= 7 [15.9%]; Endo-CABG: n= 6 [13.0%], p = 0.732). ICU delirium after Endo-CABG was found in 5 (8.6%) patients. QoL increased significantly three months after Endo-CABG and was comparable with QoL level after PCI and in the control group. Patient satisfaction after Endo-CABG and PCI was comparable. At follow-up, the level of depressive feelings was decreased in all groups.ConclusionsThe incidence of poor neurocognitive outcome, including stroke, POCD and postoperative ICU delirium until three months after Endo-CABG is low and comparable with PCI.Trial registrationRegistered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02979782)

Technical aspects of multivessel minimally invasive coronary artery bypass

introduction. Coronary bypass surgery is an integral part of the modern treatment of coronary heart disease. The desire to minimize operational complications of the classic method of coronary bypass surgery contributed to the development of minimally invasive techniques - the performing off pump myocardial revascularization from the left-sided anterior-lateral thoracotomy (minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery). The objective was to present the optimal preoperative protocol for further examination of patients who are scheduled for multi-vessel minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery. Methods and materials . In the cardiac surgery Department of the Saint Petersburg state budgetary institution «City Hospital No. 40 of the Kurortny district» in the period from July 2014 to December 2019, a total of 290 operations of multi-vascular minimally invasive coronary bypass were performed. Results. Based on the analysis of the performed surgical interventions, the preoperative examination protocol and the optimal technique for performing the intervention are presented. Conclusion. The safety and effectiveness of multi-vessel minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery, like any other minimally traumatic operation, depends on the selection of patients. Performing the preoperative examination protocol allows you to develop an individual approach to the surgical treatment of each patient.

Hybrid minimally invasive multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting to achieve complete myocardial revascularisation: the first clinical case

Aim. To report the first clinical case of the hybrid procedure combining off-pump minimally invasive multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS-CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the obtuse marginal (OM) artery to achieve complete myocardial revascularisation.Clinical case. Bilateral in situ skeletonised left internal mammary artery (IMA) grafting to the left anterior descending artery was performed, and a Y-shape anastomosis was created from the left IMA-right IMA to the circumflex branch. At 2 hours postoperatively, graft failure caused by subtotal stenosis at the graft was diagnosed. Reconstruction of the anastomosis improved the transit time flow measurement by 3.5 hours postoperatively. Acute myocardial infarction did not develop. On postoperative day 1, graft patency was assessed, and then the OM stent was placed. On postoperative day 8, the patient was discharged and referred to the outpatient centre for further treatment and rehabilitation. Hybrid revascularisation offers the advantages of both CABG and PCI; however, the technical complexity is a major limitation for its widespread use. This case reports the development of adverse events during the surgeon's training to perform this nonstandard technology. Timely diagnosis of the initial graft failure and surgical revision led to a successful and complication-free outcome and avoided prolonged patient rehabilitation.Conclusion. Hybrid revascularisation combining MICS-CABG and PCI with new-generation drug-eluting stents can be a worthwhile alternative to conventional multivessel CABG with minimal invasiveness and complete revascularisation. Received 5 June 2020. Revised 10 September 2020. Accepted 15 September 2020. Funding: The study did not have sponsorship. Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Hybrid coronary revascularization with endoscopic closed-chest arterial coronary bypass technique (endo-CABG)

Abstract Introduction Treatment of three-vessel coronary disease in minimally invasive manner could be complex in some cases. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) gives good patency rates which outlive vein grafts. The hybrid approach, combination of PCI with minimally invasive endoscopic coronary artery bypass graft (endo-CABG), might be a valuable option for treatment of multivessel coronary disease. Hereby we describe our series of patients undergoing arterial revascularization of the anterior and/or lateral wall combined with PCI of the right coronary artery or a marginal branch. Methods From March 2013 until December 2019, 208 patients (82.2% males, mean age: 66.69±10.44 years) underwent hybrid coronary revascularization for multivessel disease. Patients with multivessel disease suitable for hybrid approach were accepted at the heart team. All patients received total arterial revascularisation by endo-CABG. The PCI was prior or after the endo-CABG. There was no discontinuation of dual platelet therapy. Uni or bilateral internal mammary artery (IMA) harvesting was performed through three 5mm endoscopic ports in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th intercostal space. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established using a minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation (MiECC) with groin cannulation. Transthoracic aortic cross-clamping was followed by antegrade administration of a single shot cold mixed blood cardioplegia. A utility port of three centimeter was used for direct vision anastomosis. Results The procedure was successful in all patients, requiring no conversion to full sternotomy. Mean cross-clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass times were 44.38±28.33 and 91.75±37.97 minutes, respectively, with a mean of 2.1±0.91 bypasses for each patient. All patients received total arterial revascularization. The mean ICU and hospital length of stay were 62.5±39.74 hours and 8.80±4.64 days, respectively. Average postoperative blood loss over 24 hours was 555.20±859.19 mL. There were 8 re-interventions on the target vessels (3.8%) and 2 patients suffered from a stroke (1%). The 30-day mortality rate was 0.5%. Conclusion Minimally invasive hybrid arterial coronary revascularization is a safe and valuable alternative to coronary artery bypass grafting in many patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. The endo-CABG is a safe and feasible technique without compromising operative morbidity and providing good postoperative results. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Jessa Hospital

Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Personal Perspective

Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Personal Perspective

Evaluation of bypass grafts after minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting according to the results of MSCT- angiography

Abstract Background Minithoracotomy avoids the complications specific to sternotomy access, which in turn creates the conditions for early activation and rehabilitation of patients, especially elderly, with diabetes mellitus, obesity, disorders of the musculo-skeletal system. Purpose To assess the patency of grafts after minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG). Methods We analyzed the results of 50 MSCT- angiography made to patients with MICS CABG operated between 2014 and 2016 (28,5±13,5 months after surgery). Totally 132 conduits were used, 47 (35.6%) of them – arterial, 85 (64.4%) – venous. In all cases left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was used for revascularization of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The great saphenous vein was used as a conduit for revascularization of: diagonal branch (DA) – 10 (11.7%) cases, left circumflex artery (LCx) – 44 (51.8%), right coronary artery (RCA) – 12 (14.1%), posterior interventricular branch – 19 (22.4%). Assessment of the patency of grafts were performed: 1–2 years (33 conduits: 13 arterial, 20 venous), after 2–3 years (51 conduits: 19 arterial, 32 venous) and after 3–4 years (48 conduits: 15 arterial, 33 venous). Results Assessment of coronary grafts patency in the first period revealed occlusion of 3 (15%) venous conduits. In 2 cases, the venous conduit was anastomosed with the LCx, in 1 case with the RCA. The cumulative patency of the grafts was as follows: arterial – 100%, venous – 85%. In the second point of the study occlusion and stenotic changes of LIMA has not been revealed. Determined occlusion 5 (15,6%) venous grafts. In all cases, the occluded venous conduits revascularized the RCA. Total permeability of conduits: arterial – 100%, venous-84.4%. In the third time interval it was revealed: in 1 case of LIMA occlusion and 7 venous grafts, in 4 cases in the area of the LCx, in 2 – DA and in 1 case – in the area of the RCA. Total patency of grafts: arterial – 93.3%, venous – 78.8%. Total permeability of conduits: arterial – 97.9%, venous – 82.4%. Conclusion The analysis shows good long–term results of the functioning of grafts after MICS CABG and their comparability with the results of patency of the conduits after CABG performed by the traditional Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Feasibility and safety of minimally invasive cardiac coronary artery bypass grafting surgery for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: Early outcome and short-mid-term follow up results

To explore the feasibility, safety and mid-term outcome of minimally invasive cardiac surgery coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) surgery. Data of patients who underwent MICS CABG between November 2015 and November 2017 in Peking University Third Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results were compared with the patients who underwent off-pump coronary aortic bypass grafting (OPCABG) surgery over the same period. The two groups were matched in propensity score matching method according to age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction, body mass index, severity of coronary artery disease, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, renal insufficiency, history of cerebrovascular accident, and history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There were 85 patients in MICS CABG group, including 68 males (80.0%) and 17 females (20%), with an average age of (63.8±8.7) years; 451 patients were enrolled in OPCABG group, and 85 patients were matched by propensity score as control group (OPCABG group). There was no significant difference in general clinical characteristics (P>0.05). The average grafts of MICS CABG and OPCABG were 2.35±0.83 and 2.48±0.72 respectively (P=0.284). No conversion to thoracotomy in MICS CABG group or cardiopulmonary bypass in neither group occurred. There was no significant difference in the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACCEs, 1.17% vs. 3.52%), reoperation (2.34 vs. 3.52%), new-onset atrial fibrillation rate (4.70% vs. 3.52%) or new-onset renal insufficiency rate (1.17% vs. 0%) between MICS CABG group and OPCABG group (P>0.05). The operation time in MICS CABG group was longer than that in OPCABG group [(282.8±55.8) min vs. (246.8±56.9) min, P < 0.05], while the time of ventilator supporting(16.9 h vs. 29.6 h), hospitalization in ICU [(29.3±20.8) h vs. (51.5±48.3) h] and total hospitalization [(18.3±3.2) d vs. (25.7±4.2) d] in MICS CABG group were shorter than those in OPCABG group (P < 0.05). The total patency rate (A+B levels) of MICS CABG was 96.5% after surgery. There was no significant difference in MACCEs rate between the two groups [1.18%(1/85) vs. 3.61%(3/83), P>0.05] in 1-year follow up. The MICS CABG surgery is a safe and feasible procedure with good clinical results in early and mid-term follow-up.

Long-term outcomes of off-pump minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting of the left anterior descending artery

Aim. To evaluate the long-term results of off-pump minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD).Methods. From 2011 to 2017, 146 patients with stable coronary artery disease and hemodynamically significant LAD disease who underwent minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the LAD were enrolled in this single-centre prospective study. Patients with significant stenosis of the left main coronary artery and those referred to a concomitant cardiac surgery were excluded. Of the 146 patients, 31 (19.8%) were lost to follow up. The average follow-up duration was 31.4 ± 20.9 mon. The study endpoints included death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, repeated myocardial revascularisation, and delayed wound healing.Results. The rate of fatal outcomes within the follow-up period was 6% (n = 7). The MI incidence rate was 2.6% (n = 3). Of the three MIs, one was fatal. Stroke was registered in 6% (n = 7) of the patients. In one case, the stroke was fatal; 1.2% (n = 2) of the patients required repeat PCI with stenting. The length of stay in the intensive care unit following the index surgery was 1.0 ± 0.2 d. Total 108 (73.9%) patients were discharged within 10 d. There were no complications of delayed wound healing.Conclusion. Thus, an analysis of the long-term treatment results (31.4 ± 20.9 months) showed satisfactory outcomes in patients with isolated LAD and multivascular coronary atherosclerosis, comparable to the results of standard coronary artery bypass grafting techniques. The survival rate of the patients was 94%, which, combined with the absence of wound complications in the hospital and the long-term follow-up period, provides evidence in favour of more active use of the MIDCAB technology as a popular option that allows successful revascularisation of the myocardium with minimally invasive access and off-pump technologies.Received 16 April 2020. Revised 28 May 2020. Accepted 29 May 2020.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Immersive virtual reality surgical planning of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass for Kawasaki disease.

Immersive virtual reality surgical planning of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass for Kawasaki disease.

Development of a Novel Heart Positioner for Minimally Invasive Coronary Surgery

We developed a heart positioner, the Tentacles NEO, specifically designed for minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS-CABG). The device has 3 flexible suction tubes, with a suction cup at the tip of each tube. The suction tubes can be detached from the device body, allowing them to be manipulated in any direction through a small incision around the small thoracotomy. When the device displaces the heart, the suction cup moves behind the chest wall and does not crowd the operative field. Although the sideways suction force of the new device was as strong as that of the original device, Tentacles, the longitudinal and perpendicular force exerted was approximately 80% of the original device. Nevertheless, the new device could safely and favorably displace the heart in a pig model and even during off-pump CABG via sternotomy. During MICS-CABG, the device was able to displace the heart without crowding the operative field. The new heart positioner, Tentacles NEO, is a useful and practical heart positioner suitable for MICS-CABG.

Minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation is a cost-effective alternative to conventional extracorporeal circulation for coronary artery bypass grafting: propensity matched analysis.

Minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation has developed with the aim of reducing the impact of the adverse effects associated with conventional extracorporeal circulation. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting using minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation with those performed using conventional extracorporeal circulation. A retrospective analysis was performed of patients undergoing minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation coronary artery bypass grafting at a single centre. 2:1 propensity matching was performed to identify control patients undergoing conventional extracorporeal circulation coronary artery bypass grafting. Outcomes were compared using univariate analysis. A total of 354 patients were included in the study, with 118 patients undergoing minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation coronary artery bypass grafting. Patients were well matched on baseline characteristics. The mean logistic EuroSCORE was 3.95 ± 4.20. Operative times (3.31 ± 1.52 vs. 3.56 ± 0.73, p = 0.03) were significantly shorter in minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation cases. Patients who underwent surgery with minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation had significantly less 12-hour blood loss (322.3 ± 13.2 mL vs. 380.8 ± 15.2 mL, p < 0.01). Correspondingly, a significantly lower proportion of patients were transfused (25.8% vs. 36%, p = 0.04), and the mean number of red blood cells transfused was lower (0.45 ± 0.95 vs. 0.97 ± 2.13, p = 0.01). Similarly, the number of coagulation products administered was lower (0.161 ± 0.05 vs. 0.40 ± 0.09, p = 0.05). There was a significantly lower incidence of acute kidney injury (11.0% vs. 19.9%, p = 0.03). Minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation was associated with a £679.50 cost saving per patient. Minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation for coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with a reduced requirement for blood transfusion, reduced incidence of acute kidney injury and a significant cost saving. Minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation should be considered as an adjunct for all patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Effects of dexmedetomidine on cerebral oxygen saturation and postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on cerebral oxygen saturation [Sct(O2)] and postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing minimally invasive coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Sixty elderly patients who received minimally invasive coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomly equally divided into dexmedetomidine group (group D) and control group (group N). The patients in group D were pumped with 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine for 15 min before incision, followed by continuous pumping at 0.3-0.5 μg/(kg·h) till the end of the operation. The patients in group N received same dose of normal saline during the operation. Sct(O2) was monitored at pre-induction (T0), post-induction (T1), 30 min (T2) after single-lung ventilation, and after surgery (T3). Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was used to assess the cognitive function at 1 day before, 72 hour and 7 days after surgery. Sct(O2) level in group D was significantly higher than that in group N at T2 (P < 0.05). Sct(O2) level was statistically lower at T2 than that at T0, T1 and T3 in the same group N (P < 0.05). At 72 h and 7d after operation, the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in group D was markedly lower than that in group N (P < 0.05), the MMSE score in group D was markedly higher than those in group N, but was significantly lower than that before surgery (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine can alleviate the decrease of Sct(O2) during single-lung ventilation, improve postoperative cognitive function, and reduce the incidence of POCD in elderly patients with minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery.

Clinical experience of minimal invasive coronary surgery-coronary artery bypass grafting: a series of 244 cases

Objective: To examine the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive coronary surgery-coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS-CABG). Methods: From the first case in November 2015 to November 2019, a total of 244 cases of MICS-CABG were performed in Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital. There were 197 males and 47 females, aging (62.3±8.7)years (range: 36 to 88 years). The operations were performed via the 5(th) intercostal space of left thoracic lateral incision (length: 4 to 5 cm extended for 8 to 10 cm), and were performed under off-pump, with the help of the chest wall suspension device and cardiac fixator. The proximal anastomosis on ascending aorta and the distal anastomosis of left anterior descending branch, circumflex branch and right coronary system were completed according to procedure. In all 244 cases, the proportion of 2 grafts was 53.7% (131 cases), 3 grafts was 36.1% (88 cases), 4 grafts was 9.8% (24 cases) and 5 grafts was 0.4% (1 case). The average of grafts was 2.6±0.7 (range: 2 to 5). The proportion of hybrid was 14.3% (35 cases), sequential bypass procedure was 43.0% (105 cases) and multiple artery grafts was 25.4% (62 cases). The perioperative complications of the patients were collected, the patency rate of the grafts was evaluated by coronary angiography or CT within 7 days after the operation, and main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were followed up. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and the 1-year MACCE rate was calculated by survival analysis. Results: All cases had no transition to thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass procedure, and no cases needed intra aortic balloon pumping and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the operation.There were 2 cases of poor incision healing, and reoperation was performed in 10 cases (6 cases of postoperative bleeding, 2 cases of incision debridement, and 2 cases of grafts problems). The rate of MACCE in 30 days was 2.6% (10 cases), which contained 3 cases of death (2 cases of grafts occlusion, 1 case of serious hemorrhage after thoracic puncture drainage), 3 cases of stroke and 5 cases of non-fatal myocardial infarction. By the re-examination of angiography in 7 days after operation, the overall patency of the grafts was 96.1%, and the patency of the left anterior descending was 98.6%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted for 235 patients (96.3%) with 1 to 36 months follow-up results, and the 1-year MACCE rate was 5.6% (95%CI: 4.2% to 7.0%) . There was no significant difference among the incidences of MACCE at each stage of learning curve. Surgeon could reduce the operation time and complete more anastomosis with the accumulation of experience after the early 30 cases. Conclusions: MICS-CABG can safely achieve completed revascularization, which has good operative effects in short and medium-long term. There is no significant risk in the early cases of learning curve.

Reasons for Conversion and Adverse Intraoperative Events in Robotically Enhanced Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Revascularization.

The transition from sternotomy access to minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with steep learning curves. This study reports the reasons for sternotomy conversions from robotically enhanced minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (RE-MIDCAB) and describes potential risk reduction strategies. The perioperative data of 759 RE-MIDCAB patients (mean age 65.9 ± 10 years, 25.5% female, 30.2% multivessel disease) operated between July 1, 2002 and November 30, 2018 were reviewed for the reasons of conversion and adverse intraoperative events. Hybrid revascularization was planned in 204 (26.9%) patients. Sternotomy conversion occurred in 30 (4.0%) patients. Lung adhesions and unsuccessful single-lung ventilation prohibited safe RE-MIDCAB internal thoracic artery (ITA) harvesting in 11 (36.7%) and 1 (3.3%) patients, respectively. ITA dysfunction (n = 11, 36.7%) and inadequate target vessel visualization (n = 3, 10.0%) were among the anatomical reasons for conversions. Adverse intraoperative events included ventricle perforation (n = 1, 3.3%) and sustained ventricular arrhythmia (n = 1, 3.3%). The in-hospital mortality and mean length of hospitalization for sternotomy conversion were 3.3% (n = 1 of 30) and 13.4 ± 14.5 days, respectively. Perioperative morbidities included pneumonia (n = 4, 13.3%). Premorbid renal dysfunction predicted sternotomy conversion at the 5% level of significance. RE-MIDCAB provides an attractive surgical platform for primary- or hybrid coronary artery procedures. The progressive increase in patient risk profiles, strict quality control, and focus on clinical governance require awareness of reasons that potentially contribute RE-MIDCAB to sternotomy conversion to ensure safe and sustainable programs.

Minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery with bilateral internal thoracic arteries: Early outcomes and angiographic patency

ObjectiveMultivessel minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting, performed chiefly with left internal thoracic artery and saphenous vein grafts through a left anterolateral thoracotomy, has recently emerged as an alternative to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting. The present study involves our initial experience with respect to early postoperative and angiographic outcomes after total arterial multivessel off-pump minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting with bilateral internal thoracic arteries. MethodsA total of 88 consecutive patients undergoing total arterial off-pump minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting with bilateral internal thoracic arteries without ascending aortic manipulation were included in this study. Bilateral internal thoracic arteries were harvested under direct vision through a left anterolateral thoracotomy and used as Y or in situ grafts. Multivessel grafting was performed off pump. Postoperative graft assessment was performed in 51 patients. ResultsThe mean age of patients was 67.1 ± 7.2 years, and 79 patients (89.8%) were male. The mean body mass index and ejection fraction were 26.7 ± 2.7 kg/m2 and 57.6% ± 6.6%, respectively, and 40 patients (45.5%) had left main disease. No intraoperative conversions to cardiopulmonary bypass or sternotomy occurred. A total of 209 distal anastomoses (mean 2.4 ± 0.5) were performed, with 57 patients undergoing double, 29 patients undergoing triple, and 2 patients undergoing quadruple coronary artery bypass grafting. There was no in-hospital mortality, and 5 patients underwent reexploration for bleeding. No patient had stroke or chest wound infections. Predischarge coronary angiography revealed an overall graft patency rate of 96.8%. ConclusionsOff-pump minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting using total arterial revascularization with bilateral internal thoracic arteries is a feasible and safe operation that is associated with excellent short-term outcomes and early graft patency. Future studies should focus on improving the generalizability and reproducibility of this technique.

Miller’s Anesthesia, 9th ed

Miller’s Anesthesia, 9th ed

Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting: useful routine option for coronary revascularization in selected cases.

The safety and feasibility of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) were evaluated. From December 2012 to March 2019, 122 consecutive patients underwent MICS CABG via a left mini-thoracotomy under direct vision. The internal thoracic artery (ITA) was harvested from all, while bilateral ITAs (BITAs) were used in 36 patients, with the second ITA as an in situ (n = 18) or free (n = 18) graft. Proximal anastomosis of the free graft (ITA, radial artery, or saphenous vein segments) was performed directly onto the ascending aorta, or from the ITA as a Y- or I-composite graft. Patient ages ranged from 38 to 89years (mean 66.9 ± 9.6years) and 102 were males. MICS CABG was completed without conversion in 116 patients (95.1%), of whom 76 underwent multivessel bypass grafting, with 2 grafts used in 52 and 3 or more in 24 patients. A cardiopulmonary bypass was performed in 17 patients. Perioperative mortality occurred in 1 patient who died of advanced cancer. There were no cases of reoperation for bleeding, stroke, or chest wound infection. The perioperative transfusion rate was 11.2%. Early graft patency was noted in 97.1%. The rate of freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and repeated revascularization) was 89.7% at 5years. MICS CABG is feasible and showed good mid-term outcomes. BITAs can be harvested with this approach; thus, allowing for various graft designs. We recommend this as a useful option for coronary revascularization in selected cases.

Minimally Invasive Coronary Bypass Grafting as a Standard Approach for Myocardial Revascularization

&#x0D; Background. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery is becoming more widespread.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes in 343 consecutive patients with isolated multivessel coronary artery disease who underwent minimally invasive coronary revascularization.&#x0D; Materials and methods. From July 2017 to December 2019 we performed total coronary revascularization via left anterior minithoracotomy (TCRAT) in 343 consecutive patients with isolated multivessel coronary artery disease. In 83 (24.2%) of them we performed multiarterial revascularization using left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and T-shunt with left radial artery or right internal mammary artery (RIMA). Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), aortic cross-clamping and blood cardioplegia were used in all patients. The patients were divided into two groups, uniarterial and multiarterial, to compare and analyze perioperative parameters.&#x0D; Results. No cases of postoperative myocardial infarction, surgically induced infection, or conversion to sternotomy were observed in any of the study groups. Total perioperative mortality was 0.58% (2 patients). Total operation time (290.6±48 [205; 495] versus 259.4±53.3 [165; 590], p=0.0001) and aortic cross-clamping time (81.6±18.7 [40; 122] versus 67±18 [35; 146], p&lt;0.0001) were longer in patients with multiarterial revascularization compared to those with uniarterial revascularization. The patient’s mean age in the multiarterial group was 7.4 years less than in the uniarterial group. The mean hospital stay was 0.5 days shorter in the multiarterial group.&#x0D; Conclusions. The technique of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting via left anterior thoracotomy avoids median sternotomy in 97.7% of patients. Both strategies for minimally invasive myocardial revascularization (multiarterial and uniarterial) are safe and effective with comparable perioperative outcomes and a total mortality of 0.58%.