Invasive Alien Plants Research Articles

PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF THE CHOROLOGY AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF THE INVASIVE PLANTS FOUND ON THE COPANITA ISLAND IN THE DANUBE VALLEY, ROMANIA

The intensive abiotic activity, but not only that, has brought about the invasion of allochtone (non-native) species in the natural and semi-natural degraded ecosystems in our country. The invasive species influence the succesional dynamics and the floristic composition of the plant communities, occupying increasingly more and more space. Biological invasion of the invasive plants is considered to be one of the most serious threats to biodiversity in alluvial and meadow vegetation. The effects of the invasive alien plants, on the flora and plant communities structure of the alluvial and meadow vegetation were investigated at Copănița Island in the Danube Valley. The researched territory is part of the ROSCI0045 Coridorul Jiului Protected Area. In order to control the introduction and expansion of invasive plants, as well as the anthropogenic impact of these species on biodiversity, a number of measures for the protection and proper management of invasive plants in riparian areas need to be defined and implemented. In the researched area, 22 invasive species were identified, for some of them new locations were established for Romania or Oltenia. Several species were identified for the first time in Oltenia or a second location was identified for Romania, such as the Conyza sumatremsis. is found for the first time in Romania. The management is most effective when the invasion is detected early and comprehensive control measures are implemented quickly, any effect is thus limited. Therefore, early identification of the areas in which efforts should be concentrated (e.g. prevention, elimination and monitoring) is essential for cost-effective management. All the invasive species strongly affect biodiversity within natural habitats.

Los rasgos de las aves locales coinciden con rasgos de los frutos de dos plantas exóticas en interacciones fruto-frugívoro urbanas

Bird-mediated seed dispersal enhances invasions of many alien plant species. Typically, this mutualism is composed of a generalist assemblage of frugivorous birds in which morphological trait matching between bird and plant species is often thought to be poor due to low reciprocal adaptation. Despite this longheld notion, trait matching between local birds and alien plants has not been investigated. Here, we assessed trait matching by comparing functional traits in multidimensional space for local birds (bill, wing and tarsus size) and two alien invasive plants (fruit and seed size, fruit and seed shape) in an urban area. To do this, we measured bird functional traits in museum specimens and plant functional traits in individuals located in the study area. We found significant trait matching between birds and alien invasive plants (i.e., frugivorous birds interacted with morphologically corresponding invasive plant species). In addition, we detected a positive correlation between morphological and functional specialization of bird species so that extreme morphologies played specialized functional roles. Contrary to the idea that alien plant mutualisms are mediated by generalized seed dispersers without a close match between bird and alien plant traits, our results indicate that species with different morphologies forage on distinct plant species. These findings highlight the importance of studying the functional role of local birds in mutualistic interactions with alien invasive plants, and how these functional roles may promote invasion processes.

Evidence of the niche expansion of crofton weed following invasion in China.

Niche dynamics of invasive alien plants (IAPs) play pivotal roles in biological invasion. Ageratina adenophora-one of the most aggressive IAPs in China and some parts of the world-poses severe ecological and socioeconomic threats. However, the spatiotemporal niche dynamics of A. adenophora in China remain unknown, which we aimed to elucidate in the present study. China, Mexico; using a unifying framework, we reconstructed the climate niche dynamics of A. adenophora and applied the optimal MaxEnt model to predict its potential geographical distribution in China. Furthermore, we compared the heterogeneity of A. adenophora niche between Mexico (native) and China (invasive). We observed a low niche overlap between Mexico (native) and China (invasive). Specifically, the niche of A. adenophora in China has distinctly expanded compared to that in Mexico, enhancing the invasion risk of this IAP in the former country. In fact, the climatic niche of A. adenophora in Mexico is a subset of that in China. The potential geographical distribution of A. adenophora is concentrated in the tropical and subtropical zones of Southwest China, and its geographical distribution pattern in China is shaped by the combination of precipitation and temperature variables. The niche dynamics of A. adenophora follow the hypothesis of niche shift and conservatism. The present work provides a unifying framework for studies on the niche dynamics of other IAPs worldwide.

Mapping Prosopis L. (Mesquites) Using Sentinel‐2 MSI Satellite Data, NDVI and SVI Spectral Indices with Maximum‐Likelihood and Random Forest Classifiers

Mapping of invasive alien plants (IAPs) is important for developing informed initiatives to assist environmentalists in managing the spread and impacts of IAPs. The Prosopis plant species is an aggressive IAP that has been considered a scourge in different regions of the globe. The aim of this study is to map the spatial distribution of the invasive alien Prosopis plant in southwestern Botswana using the higher spatial and spectral resolution Sentinel‐2A (S2A) MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) satellite sensor data. Supervised parametric maximum likelihood classification (MLC) was compared with the nonparametric Random Forest (RF) classifier for the detection and mapping of the Prosopis using 10 m S2A sensor bands, integrated with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Sentinel Improved Vegetation Index (SVI). Using S2A, S2A and NDVI, and S2A and SVI, MLC mapped the land use/land cover (LULC) in the study area with respective accuracies of 71.5%, 66.5%, and 79.9%, while RF mapped the LULC with accuracies of 93.2%, 77.3%, and 95.6%. Using RF, S2A multispectral data and the red edge wavelength‐based SVI were found to be more suitable for mapping the distribution of Prosopis with classification accuracy of 18.3% higher than for NDVI. The study findings can be used by environmentalists, policy, and decision makers in the context of mapping, monitoring, and management of the invasive Prosopis.

Analysis of the Structure of Flora of Artificial Phytocoenosis and Assessment of its Competitiveness against Invasion of Alien Plants and their Suitability for the Creation Introduction Populations of Rare Species of the Caucasian Flora

Analysis of the Structure of Flora of Artificial Phytocoenosis and Assessment of its Competitiveness against Invasion of Alien Plants and their Suitability for the Creation Introduction Populations of Rare Species of the Caucasian Flora

Study of Socio-economic Drivers and community perceptions on Invasive Alien Plant Prosopis juliflorain Northern Tanzania

Prosopis juliflora (P. juliflora) is an invasive plant introduced in Tanzania for restoration and greening the degraded sites. Since its introduction in Tanzania, there has been no assessment about its associated socio-economic drivers and community perceptions in those areas of introduction. In this study, we generated information on socio-economic drivers and community perceptions on this invasive alien plant in Northern Tanzania. We employed multistage stratified random sampling technique for obtaining the sites for data collection within the effective study area. We used Focus group discussion (FDG) to collect data on social economic drivers and community perception on P. juliflora. The results indicate that, community had variation on knowledge about P. juliflora.However, its presences inblock A, D, E, F, G and H are driven by the need of shade tree and fuel wood. Community perceive that it is causing effect like displacement of other plants, injuries to both human and domestic animals especially to those blocks (D, E, F and G) with its high density. Together with those effects, communities perceive not to eradicate P. juliflora in their environment unless therewill be a substitute species with comparable characteristics and providing similar services obtained from it. In conclusion, the economic and social services obtained from P. juliflora are the major drivers of it to be embraced in the invaded area and majority of communities has decided to live with it in Northern Tanzania. We recommend quick awareness creation to the communities in those invaded areas is inevitable.

杉木叶片、细根功能性状对毛竹扩张及伐除的响应

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 杉木叶片、细根功能性状对毛竹扩张及伐除的响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202108262394 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31770680,32171786);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY14C160010);暨阳"533英才计划"项目 Responses of leaf and fine root functional traits of Cunninghamia lanceolata to Phyllostachys edulis expansion and removal Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:功能性状能够反映植物对不同环境的适应策略。毛竹扩张与外来植物入侵相似,常引起原有植物生存环境的改变,而原有植物功能性状对毛竹扩张及伐除的响应机制尚不清楚。选取毛竹-杉木混交林和去竹杉木林为研究对象,以杉木纯林为对照,比较分析杉木比叶面积、叶干物质含量、叶组织密度等叶功能性状以及比根长、细根生物量、细根根长密度等细根功能性状的变化以及其间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)与杉木纯林相比,混交林中杉木的叶相对含水量以及叶干物质含量分别减少了5.07%、0.032 g/g,叶组织密度以及比叶面积分别增加了0.005 g/cm3、10.33 cm2/g;而去竹杉木林中,杉木比叶面积、叶相对含水量减少,叶干物质含量和叶组织密度则呈上升趋势。(2)与杉木纯林相比,混交林中杉木细根生物量、细根体积密度以及细根根长密度都不断下降,而杉木细根比根长在0-20 cm土深处显著增加(P<0.05);而去竹杉木林中杉木细根比根长、细根根长密度和细根生物量则显著降低(P<0.05),细根体积密度在20-30 cm土深处有所增加。(3)杉木纯林中杉木细根功能性状间相关性较为紧密,混交林及去竹杉木林中杉木叶片功能性状间相关性较高。研究表明,杉木可通过比叶面积、叶组织密度以及细根比根长等功能性状的调整及性状关联,以适应毛竹扩张或去除毛竹后引起的空间、资源竞争的变化。研究结果有利于更好地理解杉木叶片、细根对不同生境的响应特征及生态适应策略,可为毛竹林合理经营与扩张调控提供科学依据。 Abstract:Functional traits can reflect the adaptation strategies of plants to different environments. The expansion of Phyllostachys edulis is similar to the invasion of alien plants, which often causes changes in the living environment of native plants. However, the response mechanism of the functional traits of native plant functional traits to the expansion and removal of Phyllostachys edulis is still unclear. The mixed forest of moso bamboo and Chinese fir and Chinese fir forest after bamboo removal were selected as the research objects, and the pure Chinese fir forest was used as the control. The changes of leaf functional traits, such as specific leaf area, dry matter content and tissue density, as well as fine root functional traits, like specific root length, fine root biomass and fine root length density, and their correlation were measured and analyzed. The results show that: (1) Compared with the pure Chinese fir forest, the leaf relative water content and leaf dry matter content of Chinese fir in mixed forest decreased by 5.07% and 0.032 g/g respectively. However, the leaf tissue density and specific leaf area in mixed forest increased by 0.005 g/cm3 and 10.33 cm2/g respectively. Compared with the pure Chinese fir forest, the specific leaf area and leaf relative water content of Chinese fir forest after bamboo removal decreased, while the leaf dry matter content and leaf tissue density increased. (2) Compared with the pure Chinese fir forest, the fine root biomass, fine root volume density and fine root length density of Cunninghamia lanceolata decreased continuously in mixed forest, but the ratio of fine root to root length increased significantly in 0-20 cm soil depth (P<0.05). Compared with the pure Chinese fir forest, fine root length, fine root length density and fine root biomass decreased significantly in Chinese fir forest after bamboo removal (P<0.05), while fine root volume density increased in soil depth of 20-30 cm. (3) The correlation between fine root functional traits of Cunninghamia lanceolata in pure forest was close, and the correlation between leaf functional traits in Chinese fir forest after bamboo removal and mixed forest was high. These results suggest that Cunninghamia lanceolata can adapt to the changes of space and resource competition caused by bamboo expansion or removal by adjusting and correlating the functional traits such as specific leaf area, leaf tissue density and fine root to root length. The results will help to better understand the response characteristics of leaves and fine roots of Cunninghamia lanceolata to different habitats and ecological adaptation strategies, and provide scientific basis for rational management and expansion regulation of bamboo forest. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Current status of invasive alien plants in Ramsar wetlands on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea

Current status of invasive alien plants in Ramsar wetlands on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea

Development of the “black list” of the flora for the Chelyabinsk region of Russia

The results of the study of alien species of the Chelyabinsk region, which form invasions in different ecological and geographical conditions of the region, are presented. A preliminary “black list” of the flora of the region has been compiled, including 64 species of invasive alien plants. Using the recommendations for compiling regional “Black Books” or “Black List”, the species included in the specified list are ranked by us into four categories according to their invasive status. Information is based on indications of reliably known places of introduction and growth of alien species, sources and time of introduction, degree of naturalization and communities with their participation. The presented materials reflect the state of invasive processes in the region and can be used to prepare the “Black Book of the Southern Urals”.

MIMOSA DIPLOTRICHA: THE DOMINANT INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN THE PALAKKAD GAP OF THE WESTERN GHATS IN SOUTH INDIA

The ecological phenomenon of bio invasion captures attention in the introduction and establishment of a species beyond its natural range, where it shows massive spread. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of some invasions are enormous, which have provided much impetus for the study into this area. When all species compete to survive, invasive alien plant species (IAPS) tend to have specific traits or their combinations which allow them to outcompete the native species. In certain cases, the competition is about rates of growth and reproduction. In other cases, they may interact with each other more directly. This study on Mimosa diplotricha, IAPS in the Palakkad Gap of the Western Ghats in South India is intended to trace its dominance and invasion in the region and also to conserve the Palakkad Gap, which is a biodiversity hotspot.

Quantification of pollen viability in Lantana camara by digital holographic microscopy.

Pollen grains represent the male gametes of seed plants and their viability is critical for sexual reproduction in the plant life cycle. Palynology and viability studies have traditionally been used to address a range of botanical, ecological and geological questions, but recent work has revealed the importance of pollen viability in invasion biology as well. Here, we report an efficient visual method for assessing the viability of pollen using digital holographic microscopy (DHM). Imaging data reveal that quantitative phase information provided by the technique can be correlated with viability as indicated by the outcome of the colorimetric test. We successfully test this method on pollen grains of Lantana camara, a well-known alien invasive plant in the tropical world. Our results show that pollen viability may be assessed accurately without the usual staining procedure and suggest potential applications of the DHM methodology to a number of emerging areas in plant science.

Mechanical control inadvertently increases risk of alien plant invasion: influence of stem fragmentation and inundation regimes on Arundo donax regeneration in Neotropical savanna

Context Arundo donax L. is an exotic, perennial grass that has invaded dryland and wetland savannas of central Brazil. This species produces sterile flowers in its introduced range and propagates vegetatively via rhizomes and stem fragments. Aims We investigated bud sprouting capacity after fragmentation, which plays a major role in plant-proliferation ability, invasiveness and its escape from weed-control measures. Methods We evaluated the effects of size, different periods of desiccation (by exposure to air), submersion and water-column height on the regenerative capacity of single-node stem fragments. Key results Fragments of a minimum size of 3–4 cm successfully regenerated new plants. The regenerative capacity of single-node stem fragments (3–10 cm length) rapidly decreased after 1 week of air desiccation. Stem fragments that were submerged for 30 days resprouted and formed plants in a water column of 5, 10 or 15 cm, with no significant difference from the controls. However, leaves did not expand and shoot elongation was adversely affected in 15 cm of non-aerated water. This loss of performance was reversed when the newly formed plants were removed from the water and transferred to a moist substrate. Implications Our findings suggest that weed management, which involves cutting the plant to ground level without removing it from the site, is inefficient and can intensify the potential for invasion by A. donax, especially in the rainy season, when left-over stem fragments remain hydrated and capable of regeneration. Its establishment near riverbanks must be monitored because submerged propagules remain viable and able to resprout.

Identifying Critical Thresholds in the Impacts of Invasive Alien Plants and Dune Paths on Native Coastal Dune Vegetation

Invasive alien plants (IAP) pose a major threat to biodiversity and have a negative impact on the integrity and conservation status of plant communities. Mediterranean dunes are widely exposed to IAP, due to their environmental heterogeneity and the anthropogenic pressures to which they are subjected. The current study explored the possible existence of critical thresholds of IAP cover/abundance and dune path impacts that may cause the decline in diagnostic species cover in shifting and transition dunes. A random sampling of 126 plots in areas invaded and not invaded by IAP across the Italian Adriatic dunes has been used and the recorded species have been classified in ecological guilds. In order to explore the effect of plant community composition and distances from dune paths on the diagnostic species cover, a Random Forest regression model has been fitted. The results revealed that three main critical thresholds can be detected concerning IAP total cover, IAP Oenothera stucchii Soldano abundance and the distance from dune paths and they work differently in shifting and transition dunes. The identification of such cut-off points provides useful insights for an array of actions to preserve the biodiversity of the Mediterranean coastal dunes.

Floristic inventory of plant communities in selected Indian civil airfields

The present study aimed to assess the floristic composition and plant diversity of selected eight Indian civil airfields. Overall 241 species were identified from the study sites, which belong to 179 genera and 51 families. The major life form recorded in the airfield was herbs (66.39%) followed by trees (14.11%), shrubs (12.03%), and climbers (7.47%). Surat has the highest species richness among the eight airfields with 104 species, followed by Agartala (96 spp.), Coimbatore (91 spp.), Ahmedabad (59 spp.), Indore (57 spp.), Patna (45 spp.), Bhopal (44 spp.), and Kannur (33 spp.). The study also documents 150 species of invasive alien plants in the selected Indian civil airfields. The observations in the study will help airport managers to take precautionary actions for vegetation management in airfields.

A stage-based assessment of invasion and comparative inventory of the alien plants in Mizoram and Tripura, an Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot region in India

In the present paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the status of stage-based alien plant invasion in the natural forests of Mizoram and Tripura, a part of Indo-Burma hotspot regions of India. Occurrence of 163 alien plants in Mizoram and 186 alien plants in Tripura (Cumulatively 194 from both the states) were recorded during the study. Maximum species (52.15% in Mizoram and 57.52% in Tripura) were represented by top 10 families like Asteraceae, Leguminosae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae etc. Among the alien plants of tropical American origin was maximum, followed by Mexican &amp; Australian origin. The study also recommends the most obnoxious species, and neo-invasive plants, which are potential threats to the natural flora. The outcomes of the study can be used a baseline data of stage-based invasion of alien species in both the state and will be a useful resource for preparation of conservation or forest management policies.

Inventarisasi Tumbuhan Asing Invasif di Kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda

Invasive alien plant species are plant species that occupy and dominate an area so that they become one of the threats to damage ecosystems, habitats, flora and fauna. The purpose of the study was to determine the types of invasive alien plants found in the Ir. H. Djuanda Forest Park and to find out the potential use of invasive alien plant species for the community. The research design used exploratory method combined with line transect. The results showed that there were 50 species belonging to 27 families, especially in the Compositae (13 species), Poaceae (5 species), and Acanthaceae (4 species). Based on the species composition in each block, the species found in the Utilization Block (29 species) were more diverse than the Protection Block (27 species) and Collection Block (10 species). Based on the literature review, the invasive alien plant species found in the Ir. H. Djuanda Forest Park has the potential to be developed as a animal feed, medicinal plant, processed food, and ornamental plant. Keywords: Species composition, Potential, Invasive alien plants species

Trends in Hotspots of Alien Plant Invasion in Kachchh Biosphere Reserve, India Using Spatial Pattern Mining Tool

Trends in Hotspots of Alien Plant Invasion in Kachchh Biosphere Reserve, India Using Spatial Pattern Mining Tool

Peoples' Perception on Invasive Alien Plant Species of Ramdhuni Municipality, Sunsari District, Eastern Nepal

The purpose of this study was to record existing information and perception of local people on invasive alien plant species IAPs in the rural areas of lowland, eastern Nepal (Ramdhuni Municipality, Sunsari District). A semi-structured questionnaire survey and interview were carried out to document whether the people were known or unknown to the IAPs followed by harmful or beneficial effects of IAPs and control measures to minimize the spread of IAPs. We found that only 6.25% of respondents knew about the IAPs and there was significant difference between the percentage of respondents who were known or unknown to IAPs. There was a significant positive correlation between the respondents' ages and the number of plants they described. Local people have been using IAPs for food, medicine, and fodder for a long time. However, some IAPs also have detrimental effects in forest and agriculture.

The ecosystem resilience approach to control the invasive alien species Australian swamp stonecrop (Crassula helmsii)

The invasive Australian swamp stonecrop (Crassula helmsii) threatens species characteristic of shallow soft water lakes and pools, among others, in Europe. Anthropogenic disturbances, including restoration actions, of these ecosystems cause open niches in their littoral zones and allow C. helmsii to form dominant stands, especially under nutrient enrichment. Eradication of this invasive alien, amphibious, and clonal plant is, however, difficult and costly once a large population has established. For this reason, we here explore an ecosystem resilience approach (ERA) to control this invasive alien species. This approach includes suppressing the species by facilitating the occurrence and expansion of native vegetation. This requires a setback of C. helmsii's abundance by actively reducing its biomass, and the rehabilitation of optimal environmental conditions for native species. Our ERA study in four nature areas reveals that the introduction of native species makes the ecosystem more resilient against alien invasions, as shown by a lower abundance of this invasive plant species. Therefore, we state that ERA can effectively be applied in practice to decrease the invasibility of ecosystems by C. helmsii. Effectiveness, costs and benefits, and recommendations for application in practice are discussed. Overall, we argue that incorporating ERA in nature and water management will provide sustainable solutions in terms of biodiversity as well as more cost‐effective applications for invasive alien species prevention and control.

Alien plant invasion in sub-Saharan Africa

Alien plant invasion in sub-Saharan Africa