Intuitive Component Research Articles

EMBODIED CARBON EVALUATION IN EARLY-STAGE DESIGN STUDENTS’ PROJECTS AS PART OF A SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT CURRICULUM

ABSTRACT The building industry causes 40% of global carbon emissions, out of which more than a quarter is constituted by the individual constructions’ embodied carbon. The latter figure takes into consideration not only the selection of materials, the energy needed for their production, and their renewal until the end of the building's life cycle, but also their geographic origin relative to the building's location. The scientific method used to determine this figure, the so-called Life-cycle Assessment (LCA), of new and reused constructions, occupies an important role in the way the architectural profession can address climate change. These efforts are not limited to research and practice, but include the introduction of LCA tools as part of architectural education, with the ultimate goal of establishing energy-efficiency as an intuitive component of the architect's design process. In this paper, the authors investigate the opportunities and pedagogical issues encountered over the course of a second-year undergraduate design studio, during which the life cycle assessment of embodied carbon was introduced as an integral part of the project syllabus. On the one hand, the results reveal the substantial energy-saving potential provided through the use of LCA tools, with more than 50% carbon saving potential provided through the exchange of concrete with cross-laminated timber, but on the other hand they manifest the difficulty of attracting the students’ attention for such exercises during a design studio.

Prospects for weather-indexed insurance for blueberry growers

PurposeThe authors investigate whether an index-based weather insurance (WII) product can complement or replace existing traditional crop yield insurance for mitigating farmers' financial risks, with an application to blueberry growers in British Columbia (BC).Design/methodology/approachA hybrid model combining expected utility (EU) and prospect values is developed to analyse farmers' demand for WII.FindingsWhile weather data are used to investigate supply elements, a hybrid model combining EU theory and prospect theory (PT) is developed to analyse farmers' demand for WII. On the supply side, a quality index is constructed and the relationship between the quality index and key weather parameters is quantified using a partial least squares structural model. The authors then model weather parameters via time-series analysis and statistical distributions to provide reasonable estimates for calculating actuarially sound insurance premiums for a rainfall indexed, insurance product. This model indicates that decreases in the proportion of a blueberry grower's total revenue and revenue volatility will decrease the possibility that they participate in WII. At the same time, an increase in the value loss aversion coefficient and WII's basis risk further leads to less demand for WII. In short, a grower may decide not to participate in WII at an actuarially fair premium due to the combined effects of the above factors. Overall, while the supply analysis enables us to demonstrate that WII can potentially help in mitigating farmers' financial risks, it turns out that, on the demand side, blueberry growers are unwilling to pay for such a product without large government subsidies.Originality/valueThe authors argue that the demand for insurance may be affected by the level and the volatility of a berry grower's total revenue. Hence, the authors propose a hybrid expression that assumes a farmer seeks to maximize the total utility function to capture the rational and intuitive parts of a farmer's decision-making process. The EU represents rationality and the prospect value represents the intuitive component. Meanwhile, the authors investigate the possibility of using key weather parameters to construct a berry quality index – one that could be applied to other agricultural areas for studying the relationship between weather conditions and product quality.

Computational Tool for Assessing Differential Cell Type to Cell Type Communication in Case-Control Studies Using Single-Cell RNA-Seq

Cell type to cell type communication within a tissue is crucial for normal tissue functioning. Any disturbance in this communication might affect the tissue homeostasis and contribute to the development of a disease. We propose that there are three major components by which normal cell type to cell type communication can be disturbed. The first component is the abundance of the communicating cell types. In many diseases, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the cell composition of the tissue is drastically changed which affects the communication paths. The second component is the fraction of cells within a given cell type which are actively using a certain ligand or receptor for communication. Even if the abundance of the cell type is unchanged per se, the expansion or shrinkage of the active fraction will affect the communication strength in the tissue. The third and most intuitive component is the expression level of a ligand or receptor in the active fraction of cells, which can either become upregulated or downregulated in the disease. Here we developed an algorithm that takes into account all three components to reconstruct the communication paths within a tissue and perform differential communication analysis between the case and control cohorts. The input to the algorithm is a single-cell RNA-seq normalized count matrix (one per sample) and the corresponding cell type annotation matrix. The database of potential ligand-receptor interactions is provided by the algorithm and is an expanded adaptation of the iTalk database (Wang, 2019). The first step of the algorithm is to calculate the list of cell type to cell type interactions per sample. For this, the algorithm checks all pairwise combinations of the cell types in a sample, and for each combination it calculates the strength of a ligand-receptor interaction for each ligand-receptor pair in the database using a formula that covers all three components described previously. After this procedure is done for all samples, the algorithm creates an output matrix of cell type interactions for the full dataset. As the next step, the algorithm performs a differential communication analysis between the case and the control samples using the Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni adjustment. To test the algorithm, we use two published datasets of human bone marrow single-cell RNA-seq containing samples from AML patients at diagnosis, as well as healthy donors. We selected 8 AML samples from van Galen, 2019, as a control group, we used 26 samples from healthy donors (4 from van Galen, 2019 and 22 from Oetjen, 2018). We unified the cell type annotation to use 6 major cell types: hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), monocytes, erythrocytes, B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells (DC). We integrated the data using the scGen package (Lofollahi, 2019). We identified over 2500 good quality communication paths, 1449 of them being differential between the healthy and the AML samples (adjusted p-value < 0.1). We identified that the most intensively communicating cell types in the healthy samples were the T and the B-cells, whereas the self-communication in HSPC/blasts and HSPC/blast-DC communication was the most intensive in the AML. As a proof of concept, our algorithm was able to identify a CXCR3 positive subpopulation of the DC cells, which was lost in the AML. Further analysis revealed this subpopulation to be pDC cells, the loss of which has been previously described for AML. In conclusion, we developed a tool which for the first time can perform differential communication analysis in case-control studies using single-cell RNAseq. Our algorithm reconstructs communication within tissues by considering three major communication components: the abundance of the cell types, the size of actively communicating fraction of cells, and the intensity of the ligand / receptor expression. We test our algorithm on two publicly available single-cell RNAseq datasets from human bone marrow which reveals major shifts in cell type to cell type communication in AML. This analysis is crucial to generate new data driven hypotheses for a deeper understanding of development of AML. Our algorithm will be available soon as an R package.

Automated Optimization of Web Interfaces and Application to E-commerce

As the spirit of PC, programming has increasingly more significant effect on humanbeings. GUI (Graphical User Interface) innovation is generally utilized as a result of its accommodating point of interaction and simple activity. The meaning of ideal position is setting explicit; it targets augmenting quantifiable parts of the client experience, and it is determined utilizing master information installed in the framework, which depends on HCI standards, client studies, and information examination. The Quality of web applications are currently prima center. As mostof the exchanges like online business, banking and e-administration are done on the web, having a web application to accompany quality factors and secure is presently the need. It has been observed that stylish elements are unequivocal in choosing the nature of web application. The framework recognizes the site classification, assembles a format model, contrasts it and the pertinent ideal model, and suggests an elective design of intelligent components. The framework is carried out as an open-source programming, and it at present backings the re-situating of a solitary intuitive component. In the paper, we talk about a further speculation of this way to deal with help a bigger number of intuitive articles in a more extensive range of situations.

Entangled Entrepreneurial Competitiveness Advantage: An Opinion Paper

The economic action of any individual seems to be guided by psychological components belonging, often more to the sphere of the intuitive rather than to the logical mind. Cognitive Economics, unlike other critical approaches to neoclassical rationality, is aware of this reality and moves the center of gravity of the theory of the mind of the economic actor from the aspects of conscious, explicit, intentional, and rational towards the tacit, sub-conscious, intuitive and emotional. Cognitive Economics, as empirical theory, par excellence, does not refuse to consider the contribution of the mind to an economic decision. The role of the psyche in many situations of choice is undeniable. It is not, however, the only cognitive reality responsible for economic choices. From this point of view, the concept of limited rationality, remaining within a vision of intentionality in cognitive activities, loses much of its explanatory capacity. One of the motives for economic action is limited rationality because there is not enough computational capacity for calculating the consciousness and the intentions of the human mind. Rationality is also limited through the influence of intuitive, affective, emotional, and silent factors, which all characterize what we have called the intuitive mind. The economic actor’s mind theory is based on cognitive duplicity, integrating the insensitive and the intuitive component depending on the situations and contexts of a decision. However, there are few situations in which we can say that the insensitive component takes the decision without influence of that intuitive. A small part of the mind emerges to the surface image of the economic actor, which characterizes some of the intuitive. But it rests on the larger submerged body of the mind, which is not visible but responsible for guiding the inferential paths of homo-economicus. The’ cognitive economy assumes that this duality of the human mind and the primacy of the intuitive component explains economic action.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ СКЛАДОВІ ДОМІНАНТНОЇ УВАГИ ЯК ПРОВІДНОЇ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ЯКОСТІ АНСАМБЛІСТА

The article considers the psychological components that reveal the essence of the method of dominant attention in ensemble performance. The psychological factors concerning improvement of ensemble game are analyzed. Dominant in culture is identified with the main artistic ideas, values. In aesthetics – with the dominant ideal. In the literature – with ideas, context, concept, style characteristics. In design – with shape and space. In architecture – with the dominant element of the composition of space. Dominant – in music theory – V degree of the system relative to the main tone (tonic). The fifth degree of tonality is also called dominant. In European music, the dominant key has always been given a special role, the dominant meant a contrast to the main key. Among all related tonalities, the dominant was considered the dominant (hence the name), the most intense tone, which requires a solution. The professional qualities of an ensemble player are a system of appropriate psychophysiological and mental resources, namely attention, intuition, reflection, empathy, coordination, which is a chain of psychodial elements required for the formation of dominant attention as a generalizing link in the creative realization of a musician-ensemble player. Thus, the considered structural elements of dominant attention as the leading professional quality of the ensemble player, namely intuition, reflection, empathy, coordination are perceived by us as semantic unity. The components are analyzed in terms of content, and a chain of theoretical conclusions is presented, which embody the substantiation of the concept of «dominant attention» of a musician-ensemble player. Analysis of musical-cognitive processes and practical training of specialists contributes to the successful functioning of the dominant attention in the process of its creative realization. Further research may be related to the study of the intuitive component of the musician-ensemble.

Некоторые аспекты проблемы классификации, система классиологии и статус ее отраслевых разделов

1. Classification is one of the main elements of man’s thinking. Its roots have been laid in the man’s thinking at biological, subconscious level. To overcome the intuitive component of the research of classification problematics reflection (ideas about ideas) is needed. A great amount of studies on different classification questions is widely published. To make this amount visible seems to be useful. 2. A great number of questions connected to classification is supposed to be called “classiology” science. The following parts are suggested to be identified in it. Introduction into the problem. Preliminary positions (prolegomena). Basic notions and preliminary problematics, which are to be adopted or stated before considering the classification problems are included. Classiology(s. s.) is subdivided into two part - general questions and systematic part. In general questions of classiology (s. s.) its basis notions are defined: 1) class system - classification, science about it - the science of classification; 2) procedure of class system construction - classifying, the science about it - systematization; 3) procedure of the referring of the object to one of the system's classes - diagnosis, the science about it - diagnostics; 4) notion, binding notions 1-3 - classiosystem, science about classiosystems - syncretic classiology (synclassiology). According to the variety of classiology activities - general, branch and concrete classiology are suggested to be identified. Systematization classiology (s.s.) consists of structures, defined by the titles of the notions. 3. Geological classiology and biological classiology (biological systematics) are parts of the suggested system of classiology. They are referred to the subdivision “Branch classiology”. These segments are fractally so vast as classiology in general. And they can also be made visible fractally transporting to them the structure of the system of classiology as a whole. GEOLOGICAL CLASSIOLOGY Introductory part Preliminary positions (geoprolegomena) Geological classiology (s.s.) General question of geological classiology Systematic geological classiology General geological classiology Branch geological classiology Concrete geological classiology BIOLOGICAL CLASSIOLOGY (BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMATICS) Introductory part Preliminary positions (bioprolegomena) Biological classiology (s.s.) (Biological systematics) General question of biological systematics Systematic biological classiology General biological classiology Branch biological classiology Concrete biological classiology.

Intuitive Cognition

In the naturalistic decision-making literature, intuitive cognition is at the heart of a pattern recognition–based decision model called the recognition-primed decision model. Given the importance of intuitive cognition in naturalistic decision-making theory, we explore the question of what makes intuitive cognition effective for decision making and, in so doing, present an extended empirical and theoretical foundation for the intuitive component in naturalistic decision making. We theorize that intuitive cognition is effective because it (1) possesses a capability for grounded, situational meaning making (sign interpretation); (2) is operative over extended work intervals involving interruptions; and (3) is instrumental in handling situated complexities of everyday living. Other characteristics of intuitive cognition and its foundations are discussed. We propose that intuitive cognition represents the core of cognition—grounded, situational meaning making—whereas analytical cognition represents a form of an intellectual exoskeleton that provides added capabilities (e.g., working memory).

The Causes of Errors in Clinical Reasoning: Cognitive Biases, Knowledge Deficits, and Dual Process Thinking.

Contemporary theories of clinical reasoning espouse a dual processing model, which consists of a rapid, intuitive component (Type 1) and a slower, logical and analytical component (Type 2). Although the general consensus is that this dual processing model is a valid representation of clinical reasoning, the causes of diagnostic errors remain unclear. Cognitive theories about human memory propose that such errors may arise from both Type 1 and Type 2 reasoning. Errors in Type 1 reasoning may be a consequence of the associative nature of memory, which can lead to cognitive biases. However, the literature indicates that, with increasing expertise (and knowledge), the likelihood of errors decreases. Errors in Type 2 reasoning may result from the limited capacity of working memory, which constrains computational processes. In this article, the authors review the medical literature to answer two substantial questions that arise from this work: (1) To what extent do diagnostic errors originate in Type 1 (intuitive) processes versus in Type 2 (analytical) processes? (2) To what extent are errors a consequence of cognitive biases versus a consequence of knowledge deficits?The literature suggests that both Type 1 and Type 2 processes contribute to errors. Although it is possible to experimentally induce cognitive biases, particularly availability bias, the extent to which these biases actually contribute to diagnostic errors is not well established. Educational strategies directed at the recognition of biases are ineffective in reducing errors; conversely, strategies focused on the reorganization of knowledge to reduce errors have small but consistent benefits.

Logic brightens my day: Evidence for implicit sensitivity to logical validity.

A key assumption of dual process theory is that reasoning is an explicit, effortful, deliberative process. The present study offers evidence for an implicit, possibly intuitive component of reasoning. Participants were shown sentences embedded in logically valid or invalid arguments. Participants were not asked to reason but instead rated the sentences for liking (Experiment 1) and physical brightness (Experiments 2-3). Sentences that followed logically from preceding sentences were judged to be more likable and brighter. Two other factors thought to be linked to implicit processing-sentence believability and facial expression-had similar effects on liking and brightness ratings. The authors conclude that sensitivity to logical structure was implicit, occurring potentially automatically and outside of awareness. They discuss the results within a fluency misattribution framework and make reference to the literature on discourse comprehension. (PsycINFO Database Record

An integrated toolchain for model based functional safety analysis

The significant increase in the complexity and autonomy of the hardware systems renders the verification of the functional safety of each individual component as well as of the entire system a complex task and underlines the need for integrated, model based tools that would assist this process. In this paper the authors present such a tool, coupled with an approach to functional safety analysis, based on the integration of functional tests into the model itself. The analysis of the resulting model is done through a stochastic Bayesian model. This approach strives to both bypass the necessity for costly hardware testing and integrate the functional safety analysis into an intuitive component development process.

Computerized Model Based Functional Safety Analysis

AbstractWith the growing complexity of the hardware models, the verification of the functional safety of each individual component as well as of the entire system becomes increasingly complex. In this paper the authors present a novel approach to functional safety analysis, based on the integration of functional tests into the model itself and the analysis of resulting model through a stochastic Bayesian model. This approach strives to both bypass the necessity for costly hardware testing and integrate the functional safety analysis into an intuitive component development process.

Optimally splitting cases for training and testing high dimensional classifiers.

BackgroundWe consider the problem of designing a study to develop a predictive classifier from high dimensional data. A common study design is to split the sample into a training set and an independent test set, where the former is used to develop the classifier and the latter to evaluate its performance. In this paper we address the question of what proportion of the samples should be devoted to the training set. How does this proportion impact the mean squared error (MSE) of the prediction accuracy estimate?ResultsWe develop a non-parametric algorithm for determining an optimal splitting proportion that can be applied with a specific dataset and classifier algorithm. We also perform a broad simulation study for the purpose of better understanding the factors that determine the best split proportions and to evaluate commonly used splitting strategies (1/2 training or 2/3 training) under a wide variety of conditions. These methods are based on a decomposition of the MSE into three intuitive component parts.ConclusionsBy applying these approaches to a number of synthetic and real microarray datasets we show that for linear classifiers the optimal proportion depends on the overall number of samples available and the degree of differential expression between the classes. The optimal proportion was found to depend on the full dataset size (n) and classification accuracy - with higher accuracy and smaller n resulting in more assigned to the training set. The commonly used strategy of allocating 2/3rd of cases for training was close to optimal for reasonable sized datasets (n ≥ 100) with strong signals (i.e. 85% or greater full dataset accuracy). In general, we recommend use of our nonparametric resampling approach for determing the optimal split. This approach can be applied to any dataset, using any predictor development method, to determine the best split.

Expert nursing practice: a mathematical explanation of Benner’s 5th stage of practice development

Expert nursing practice: a mathematical explanation of Benner's 5th stage of practice development. This paper is a theoretical discussion of a mathematical explanation for Benner's theory of practice development. Benner's practice development theory demonstrates how a nurse moves from a beginning, rule-based practice through to expert care. Her notion of expert practice as intuitive has not been well-accepted or understood in nursing. A new description of expert practice includes three types of intuitive practice (cognitive, transitional and embodied), the development of which are dependent on knowledge, experience and reflective time. This paper is based on phenomenological research conducted in 2000-2003 and Benner's publications, as well as recent discussions about the relationship between mathematics and phenomenology. The mathematical explanation for Benner's theory of practice development relates reflective time and knowledge to the mathematical power of experience and links the unique components of intuitive practice to expert care. On reaching expert practice, the three types of intuition include previously identified themes (knowledge, experience, connection, feeling, syncretism and trust) as differentials along the reflective time axis. When graphically represented, expert practice becomes a three-dimensional figure as practice becomes more complex, rather than a two-dimensional one as seen in previous stages. Having the intuitive component of expert practice further clarified from Benner's first vision confirms it as a valid component of practice. It is important to recognize that experience is a powerful component of practice and that it is essential to the development of expertise. Although this discussion has been nested within nursing practice, it has wide implications for medical, psychological and educational practice.

Better than Conscious? The Brain, the Psyche, Behavior, and Institutions

The title of this chapter is deliberately provocative. Intuitively, many will be inclined to see conscious control of mental process as a good thing. Yet control comes at a high price. The consciously not directly controlled, automatic, parallel processing of information is not only much faster, it also handles much more information, and it does so in a qualitatively different manner. This different mental machinery is not adequate for all tasks. The human ability to consciously deliberate has evolved for good reason. But on many more tasks than one might think at first sight, intuitive decision-making, or at least an intuitive component in a more complex mental process, does indeed improve performance. This chapter presents the issue, offers concepts to understand it, discusses the effects in terms of problem solving capacity, contrasts norms for saying when this is a good thing, and points to scientific and real world audiences for this work.

Intuitive Practical Wisdom in Organizational Life

This article investigates whether Aristotelian practical wisdom could be considered as an advantageous “sense” in management practice and as an alternative rationality to that defended by modern tradition. Aristotelian practical wisdom is re‐conceptualised in order to emphasise the intuitive component of practical wisdom, an aspect often sidelined by business ethicists. Levinas’ insights are applied to Aristotelian practical wisdom in such a way that the role of emotion in moral action would be reinforced. It is argued that the role of emotion in moral action and wise deliberation requires re‐definition in accordance with the indeterminate character of the moral. Moreover, I argue Levinas’ approach might be helpful to bring to light the conflictual aspect inherent in being prudential. By reinterpreting the intuitive component of practical wisdom as Levinas’ moral impulse, wisdom theory is expanded to include the face, and to better account for the conflictive and the emotional aspects of phronesis. This approach enables practical wisdom to be understood as a human “sense” in ways that assist how we manage and understand contemporary organizations.

Strategy: Rationality, Intuition, and Accountability

In this paper, I explore the nature of strategic decision making. In particular, I am concerned with the interplay of rational reflection and intuitive insight in strategic contexts. I argue that it is in the very nature of strategic situations that they cannot be exhaustively analysed in terms of the available evidence, and that hence there always is an intuitive element to strategic decision making. I consider a variety of ways to explain the notion of intuition and conclude that intuition and rationality ought not to be conceived as incompatible with one another. It follows, I claim, that the intuitive component of strategic thought allows for at least some degree of public accountability.

SpokenContent representation in MPEG-7

The words spoken in an audio-visual document form an obvious and intuitive metadata component. This component is essential to ensure comprehensive coverage of audio-visual content by the MPEG-7 standard. With manual transcription prohibitively costly, such metadata will typically be derived from automatic speech recognition systems. The errors inherent in the output of such extraction tools cause particular difficulties for robust retrieval, as well as for interoperability in heterogeneous databases. We describe a structure comprising a probabilistic combined word and phone lattice along with an explanatory metadata header and detail how this structure avoids or ameliorates these problems.

He's Relatively Familiar: Albert Einstein in Contemporary American Fiction

Perhaps one of the truest gauges of a person's impact on culture is the limerick. With in mind, we should check on the state of Einstein's There a young lady named Bright, Who traveled much faster than light. She started one day In the relative way, And returned on the previous night. Clifton Fadiman attributed to Arthur Buller in his 1962 The Mathematical Magpie (Friedman & Donley 11). But certainly, well before the 1960s Einstein's Theory of Relativity had already made enormous changes in our culture, even though as most experts on both culture and agree, it is virtually always grossly misunderstood and distorted except in the halls of science. When one speaks of what a culture adopts as its icons, however, accuracy hardly matters. Icons serve a completely different purpose altogether. Having established this disclaimer, we can turn to more recent events. Within a matter of months in 1992 and 1993, two very different types of novels were released with Albert Einstein as a central character: Alan Lightman's Einstein's Dreams purports to take in Einstein's mind in 1905 as he developed his Special Theory of Relativity. The other, Todd Gitlin's The Murder of Albert Einstein takes in 1992 with plot involvements hark back to the 1950s and Einstein's last year as he worked-ultimately unsuccessfully-to develop a Unified Field Theory. Theoretical physics does not seem the stuff of rousing novels; nevertheless, Lightman's novel became a best seller, and Gitlin's collected a smaller but enthusiastic audience. Both authors rely on documented, factual events, as well as accurate science, for their clearly fictional stories, but they use both those events and in what appears at first glance very different ways. Lightman, a distinguished physicist himself, wants more than to tell a good story about an important scientist; he wants to illuminate the scientific process itself. His definition of scientific thinking, the kind involved in the science leads to redefinitions of reality, depends on more than analytical thinking or the scientific process. He points to a very necessary intuitive component, the epiphany perhaps, or in his words, planing: that lifting feeling when everything suddenly falls into place (Science on the Right Side of the Brain 43). While by his own admission Lightman has planed briefly and sporadically for no more than seconds at a time, he speculates Einstein could probably plane for minutes at a time-minutes in which he came to know what no one else had even imagined before. Independent evidence indicates even Einstein himself valued this kind of thinking and, according to Einstein scholar Gerald Holton, he was on record, more than once, a means of writing must be found conveys the thought processes lead to discoveries-showing how scientists thought and wrestled with their (Einstein's Scientific Program... 49). Holton also discusses the unconventional way Einstein structured his own scientific papers, noting their heuristic character (55), a quality more often associated with humanities scholarship than with scientific thinking. According to William Eamon, Above all, for Einstein the mind must be free to think any thought: only in this way can scientific progress be guaranteed.... The creative process is not only the most difficult part of science, it is also indescribable, for the creation of scientific concepts is fundamentally an intuitive, almost poetic experience (349). And so, as the first-rate scientist whose work embodies the qualities Lightman values, Einstein becomes his ideal protagonist. But Lightman's task gets more complicated. If, as Aristotle proclaimed in his Poetics, plot requires action, the contemplative life of a remote scientist poses particular problems for the would-be novelist in search of a story. Abraham Pais, Einstein's biographer and personal friend, tells us for Einstein as a scientist at work, every scientific triumph preceded by a long period of quiet gestation (38). …

Characteristics of intuitive nurses.

A description is provided of the process used to verify characteristics of intuitive nurses that had been reported in the literature. These characteristics supplied the framework for construction of the Miller Intuitiveness Instrument (MII) reported earlier (Miller, 1993). Evidence for validity of the MII was provided in the Miller (1993) study by examining factor analyses and correlations with the intuitive component of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The following characteristics were subsequently verified: Intuitive nurses are willing to act on their intuitions, are skilled clinicians, and incorporate a spiritual component in their practices. In addition, intuitive nurses express an interest in the abstract nature of things and are risk takers. Intuitive nurses prefer intuition to sensing (as reflected by the MBTI) as a way to take in information. They are extroverted and express confidence in their intuitions. Likewise, nurses who delay making decisions until all the information is in are more intuitive than those who make decisions abruptly.