Introductory Words Research Articles

Possible but never finished

During the spring in 2005, I worked at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC, where I was completing a book called Ethics During and After the Holocaust. One of its chapters drew upon an idea from Emmanuel Levinas’s Totality and Infinity, namely, that it is important to know whether, in Levinas’s words, we are ‘‘duped by morality.’’ On the particular day I am recalling, my reading took me to the Introduction of the English translation of Totality and Infinity that I was using. As I read those pages, the rhythm and cadence of the prose, as well as the content, were strangely familiar. Before long, I remembered that John Wild, my teacher, was the author of those introductory words. Reading them in 2005, I was reminded that Wild studied Levinas decades before it became fashionable to do so in the United States. It was characteristic of Wild not only to be on the cutting edge but also to be part of that edge. For him, doing justice to the history of philosophy meant that philosophy had to be fresh and contemporary, too. At the time of this writing in 2007, I can scarcely believe that I am older than John Wild was when I knew him during my twenties in the mid-1960s at Yale University, not many years before his untimely death in 1972. His influence on me

The Ulster Peace Process as an experience of peacebuilding: Introductory words from the 2009 CICA‐STR International Conference on Political Violence and Collective Aggression, in Belfast, Northern Ireland

Tratona maith! Ca hifuil tu? (Good afternoon. How are you?). I was going to start my talk with the introductory A dhaoine uaisle …, but somebody has advised me not to do so because of the potential...

Introduction: Practical Reason and the Scholarship of Philip P. Frickey

On April 24, 2009, Berkeley Law held a daylong conference and gala dinner on behalf of the late Professor Philip P. Frickey. The conference produced an extraordinary set of essays, which appear in this symposium issue of the California Law Review. Although the purpose of the symposium issue is to illuminate Professor Frickey's scholarship, a few introductory words about his career seem in order. Professor Frickey graduated from the University of Kansas in 19752 and from the University of Michigan Law School in 1978, where he was editor-in-chief of the Michigan Law Review. After graduation, Professor Frickey clerked for Judge John Minor Wisdom of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court. He then practiced law for a couple years in Washington, D.C., before joining the faculty of the University of Minnesota Law School, where he taught for seventeen years. He joined the Berkeley Law faculty in 2000. He was appointed to the Alexander F. and May T. Morrison Chair in 2007, and held that chair until his

The Presence of Poetry: Response

journey to British Columbia for this year's NAVSA Conference was a relatively short hop in the general scheme of things, but I boarded the plane at Sacramento carrying the same load of guilt. Air travel for both work and leisure now requires the kind of embarrassed excuse that lighting up a cigarette in company used, for a while, to elicit: I know it's a dirty habit, and it's not good for me or you or anyone else, but I can't seem to stop myself from doing it just yet. In our current climate (literally and otherwise), I keep wondering whether the academic conference is doomed. It is, of course, dangerous to focus our reformist eyes solely upon flying: the necessary path toward sustainable living has to be built from billions of changes to daily behaviors and longer-term choices by individuals, businesses, and nations alike. Nevertheless, air travel looms large both as a devastating source of pollution and as an especially resonant symbol of the global arrogance of the privileged. We do not need to re-read David Lodge's Small World to remind ourselves that the coming together of academics under the aegis of intellectual exchange has always been a potentially self-indulgent affair, but the deleterious effects of one of our favorite professional activities now seem on a different scale altogether. Is it possible to justify the culture of the conference in this day and age? I do not write these introductory words to prepare the ground for a redemptive, or an exculpatory, narrative in the remainder of my pages here: on the contrary, this is obviously an issue that we need to keep, or start, thinking about, both individually and communally, in order to make significant changes to our habitual practices. Rather I offer the remarks as prelude to, and explanation for, an opening focus upon the following question: under what circumstances is the physical presence of a group of academics crucially constitutive of new and important ideas? Are there some kinds of understanding that cannot occur easily, or at all, through the reading of each other's words in print or on

'Introductorily' in OED

DUKE SENIOR, in As You Like It (II. vii.137–9, Riverside Edition), speaks of ‘This wide and universal theatre / Presents more woeful pageants than the scene / Wherein we play in’. Alexander Pope had proposed dropping the word ‘in’, and George Steevens both agreed and further proposed that an introductory word, ‘Why’, should be added to the beginning of the next line, noting that ‘In twenty other instances [he had quoted three] we find the same adverb introductorily used’. The note is in Steevens's 1793 edition of Shakespeare's plays (VI, 65 n.4). OED offers ‘1846 Worcester cites Baxter’, that is, Joseph E. Worcester's Universal and Critical Dictionary of the English Language, Baxter being otherwise unidentified, as the first use of ‘introductorily’.

Twentieth century accounting research in the German language area

This paper consists of two parts. Part I, dealing with the first half of the twentieth century, begins with some introductory words on the pre-eminence of German accounting research during the first half of the twentieth century, and offers a survey of the most important theories of accounts classes that prevailed during the first two decades or longer. Following World War I, the issue of hyperinflation in Austria and Germany stimulated a considerable amount of original accounting research. Afterwards, a series of competing Bilanztheorien (accounting or balance sheet theories), discussed in the text, dominated the scene. Separate sections or sub-sections are devoted to charts and master-charts of accounts in German accounting theory, as well as to cost accounting and the writing of accounting history. Part II offers a survey of the second half of the twentieth century (occasionally with comparisons to research in the English language literature). Dynamic accounting, developed during the first half of the twentieth century, became the basis of a pagatoric (cash-based) accounting theory. In the 1970s and early 1980s relatively little attention was paid to inflation accounting, apart from research in capital maintenance. Accounting theories shifted towards the present value approach, and empirical studies began in the early 1960s and gathered momentum in the last two decades of the century. German accounting legislation was strongly influenced by the dominance of codified law, and by the standardization attempts within the European Economic Community. Consolidated statement presentation and auditing research also became prominent, while cost and managerial accounting continued to be major research areas. Competing costing approaches dominated the field, often based on production theoretical concepts. Marginal costing (occasionally together with mathematical programming) was further developed and a closer connection between cost accounting and investment theory was established. The introduction of information theory (and the closely related agency theory) into the German literature greatly influenced recent German accounting research. Historical research was, in contrast to the first half of the century, of minor importance.

Sándor Veress's Image of Kodály: A Bilateral, Authentic Testimony

All of Sandor Veress's writings on Zoltan Kodaly - be they articles, talks or studies in Hungarian intended for literary forums and radio transmissions beyond Hungary's borders, or foreign-language publications for the European press - had a similar function. Veress's writings in his mother tongue and foreign languages number some twenty to twenty-five items of different genres within four decades, only counting the publications mentioning Kodaly's name in their titles. Most of them were prompted by anniversaries but the evaluation of Kodaly's compositions, work analyses, introductory words to concerts, obituaries and lectures also provided him opportunities to establish his image of Kodaly. The study contains a complete list of the documents.

Accounting Research in the German Language Area—First Half of the 20th Century

After some introductory words about the preeminence of German accounting research during the first half of the 20th century, the paper offers a survey of the most important theories of accounts classes that still prevailed during the first two decades or longer. Following World War I, the issue of hyperinflation in Austria and Germany stimulated a considerable amount of original accounting research. After the inflationary period, a series of competing Bilanztheorien, discussed in the text, dominated the scene. Two figures emerged supremely from this struggle. The first was Eugen Schmalenbach, with his “dynamic accounting”, a series of further important contributions to inflation accounting, to the master chart of accounts, to cost accounting, and to other areas of business economics. The other scholar was Fritz Schmidt, with his organic accounting theory that promoted replacement values and his emphasis on the profit and loss account, no less than the balance sheet. The gamut of further eminent personalities, listed in chronological order, contains the following names: Schär, Penndorf, Leitner, Gomberg, Nicklisch, Rieger, Prion, Osbahr, Passow, Dörfel, Sganzini, Walb, Calmes, Kalveram, Meithner, Lion, Töndury, Mahlberg, le Coutre, Geldmacher, Max Lehmann, Leopold Mayer, Karl Seidel, Alfred Isaac, Mellerowicz, Seyffert, Beste, Gutenberg, Käfer, Seischab, Kosiol, Münstermann, and others. Separate Sections or Sub‐Sections are devoted to charts and master charts of accounts in German accounting theory, as well as to cost accounting and the writing of accounting history.

A Sense for the Other: The Timeliness and Relevance of Anthropology

Preface to the English edition An introductory word 1. Who is the other? 2. Others and their meaning 3. The proximal other, or the other next door 4. The others' norm 5. Knowledge and recognition anthropology's meaning and end 6. The conquest of space Conclusion: a changed world, a changed object Notes Complementary sources.

Our commitment to enforcing good policy governance

AbstractDavid Stockman, senior vice president of Lawry's Restaurants, Inc., chairs the board of the California Restaurant Association (CRA). The association represents California's $28.5 billion restaurant industry. The CRAboard reached a pivotal point on March 8, 1999, as it adopted new, carefully crafted policies to put the Policy Governance model into effect. Here are Stockman's introductory words at the March 8 board meeting. We include them to illustrate one chair's conscientious effort to remind his colleagues, gently but firmly, not only of the commitment to discipline. the board has adopted but also of the obligation the board has given him to enforce that discipline.

Teaching Punctuation as a Rhetorical Tool

punctuation-just one of the mechanics of writing, after all-is perhaps ot the first thing you turn to after checking the CCC table of contents, but you are here now, so let me try to keep you here by announcing, quickly, the not unimportant claims to be made. First, manuals of style and college handbooks have it all wrong when it comes to punctuation (good writers don't punctuate that way); there is, I propose, a system underlying what good writers, in fact, do; it is a surprisingly simple system; it is a system that enables writers to achieve importanteven subtle-rhetorical effects; it is, even, a system that teachers can teach far more easily than they can teach the poorly systematized rules in our handbooks and style manuals. It takes only a little study of the selections in our college readers to realize that the punctuation rules in handbooks and style manuals are not sacred texts for a great many good writers. Fragments and comma splices, violations of the coordinate clause and elliptical coordinate clause rules for commas, and inconsistencies in use of the comma with introductory word, phrase, and clause-these and other failures to follow the rules are frequent enough to raise questions about the rules themselves. Quirk et al. have examined statistical data on the use of the comma to mark coordina-

Vega Symposium Introduction: Everyday Articulations of Modernity

I want to use these introductory words to doubly contextualize the title of this Vega SymposiumMeaning and Modernity: Cultural Geographies of the Invisible and the Concrete. Not only do I wish to provide a context for the four presentations that are to follow. I also wish to juxtapose the themes of the symposium with the name and practices of the society which has chosen to pay me a great honor today. I want to do this because I believe that Swedish anthropology and Swedish geographyespecially Swedish kulturgeografiwould greatly benefit from greater interaction with one another, from paying less heed to the boundaries between them. Boundaries, I should add, resulting from the division-of-labor and specialization rationalities that came with the form of modernity which accompanied the first bloom of industrial capitalism.

Amos: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary (review)

Hebrew Studies 32 (1991) 74 Reviews modem literary theory and criticism and a superb study in theory and its application. Gila Ramras-Rauch Brandeis University Waltham. MA 02154 AMOS: A NEW TRANSLATION WITH INTRODUCTION AND COMMENTARY. By Francis 1. Anderson and David Noel Freedman. Anchor Bible 24A. pp. xlii + 979. New York: Doubleday, 1989. Cloth. Those familiar with the Anchor Bible are already aware of the format which the title indicates is to be found here. First, there is a new translation of the text of Amos. This is accompanied by an introduction and a very detailed commentary. Each of these will be discussed independently of the others. Two preliminary matters need to be considered first, however, and these are found in the introductory word from the general editors. The series is said to be "aimed at the general reader with no special formal training in biblical studies." If this is truly the aim, then both the series and this particular volume fall far short. Not only is the volume beyond the comprehension of the general reader, much of it is beyond the comprehension of the general seminary graduate. To comprehend the commentary requires a very detailed mastery of biblical studies in general and of Hebrew in particular. Few general readers would have any idea of the significance of most of the problems addressed or the issues investigated in this commentary. Further, the introductory words from the general editors are still signed by William Foxwell Albright, even though he has been dead many years. It is unfortunate that such a practice is being followed when he obviously had no impact on this particular volume at all. It makes one wonder if general editors of the series are anything more than mere "window dressing." As to the commentary itself, the new translation of the text of Amos is as outstanding as one would expect from two such competent scholars as David Noel Freedman and Francis 1. Anderson. It is new, it is refreshing, and it gives significant aid to any interpreter of Amos who seeks to come to grips with the contemporary message of this ancient book. Most scholars will probably prefer some "pet" translation of a phrase here and there, but Hebrew Studies 32 (1991) 75 Reviews overall this is one of the best contemporary translations available. It is well worth the price of the book for the serious interpreter. The introduction to the book of Amos is also worthy of superlatives. One seldom picks up a commentary that reads so well that it is difficult to put down. This one achieves that measure. It was so interesting and informative that I did not put it down until the entire section had been read. For anyone who wishes to come to grips with the book, the background, and the issues raised by the study of the book of Amos, I know of no better introduction than this. The authors state in beginning that the focus of their attention is not so much on literary analysis as upon the text itself. They do this by a thorough textual analysis where they give the MT "prestige but not privilege." Their critique of variants is quite rigorously done without a blind loyalty to the MT in the face of significant evidence. At the same time, they demonstrate a remarkable reluctance to emend the text, being content to exhibit more patience than most scholars with textual difficulties, confessing present ignorance and relying upon future studies to bring enlightenment on difficult passages. Further, the bibliography is quite well done, and its arrangement in chronological order insofar as the contributions of each scholar are concerned is extremely helpful to the scholar who wishes to pursue the history of Amos studies. For the general reader, a simple alphabetical arrangement would probably have been a far more useful tool. The authors propose a three-fold division of the book into "The Book of Doom" (1:1-4:13), "The Book of Woes" (5:1-6:14), and "The Book of Visions" (7:1-9:15). This fresh analysis of its organization will prove stimulating to any thoughtful reader who is familiar with previous treatments of the book. The...

Remark on an earlier proposed iterative tomographic algorithm

The problem underlying the discussion is that of estimating the distribution of velocity for seismic waves in a cross-hole section using first arrival travel times for explosion-generated waves. We will give a new look at an earlier tomographic algorithm (Dines & Lytle 1979) and discuss its convergence properties. But first, some more general introductory words. In the simplified linear model discussed below we assume straight ray paths neglecting refraction and reflection. The plane region between the boreholes and the surface is decomposed into small cells in which the seismic velocity is assumed constant and isotropic. The nature 06 this decomposition is irrelevant for the following discussion, but in practice all the ‘cells’ are rectangular and with parallel boundaries. Let mi be the slowness in cellj, di the measured travel time for ray i, and Gii the distance that ray i covers across cell j . Let N denote the number of rays and M the number of cells. Usually N is the product of the number of shots and the number of geophones. Ideally then, N linear equations ought t o be fulfilled which can be written with matrix notation d = G . m . These equations do not hold exactly in practice, not only because of the simplified model but also because of errors in measurement. This last type of error can be accounted for by introducing the following statistical model: d = G . m + E where E is a random N-vector variable with expectation 0 and covariance matrix usually proportional to the identity matrix Z. Our problem has now turned into a well-known estimation problem of mathematical statistics: we have N observations, the di, and we want to estimate the M unknown parameters mi. A convenient solution to this problem is furnished by the least-squares method which (in the full-rank case), according to the Gauss-Markov theorem (Silvey 1970, chapter 3), gives estimators with desirable statistical properties (minimum-variance unbiased estimators). Standard deviations of the estimators are also obtained.

Commonplaces

AS OUR subscription‐renewal reminders for 1982 go out, may I offer you a cautionary note— though not, perhaps, the one you will be expecting of me from these introductory words?

Claudius of Turin's Organic Metaphor or the Carolingian Doctrine of Corporations

IN 1947, the eminent medievalist, Gerhard B. Ladner, advanced a concise formula for the interpretation of Carolingian political thought. Invoking the introductory words of Bishop Jonas of Orleans' De institutione regia: the universal church is the body of Christ, that the same Christ is its head, and that there are in mainly two exalted persons, the priestly and the kingly,' Professor Ladner concluded that the Carolingians replaced the Gelasian concept of the world with the church and assigned a double leadership, sacerdotal and royal, to the church. Only in the eleventh century when the Gregorians attacked the notion that the royal office formed a part of the body of Christ and once again conceived of Christian society as something else than the church, could the theory evolve that the state was a body politic, an organological or corporational selfsufficient community. Although Professor Ladner noted that the body metaphor was part of ancient political theory and was sometimes applied to political functions by patristic authors, he insisted that it can be hardly an accident that in Christian times, before the Gregorian era, was as a rule not applied to the state but to the church.2 Imperial writers of the late eleventh century were credited also by Ernst Kantorowicz for developing the antithesis between church and state as two separate bodies.' Otto Gierke, in a similar vein, attributed to the partisans of the empire in the Gregorian era the revival of the pre-Carolingian teaching, according to which sacerdotium and regnum represented two distinct, independent powers.4 In the past forty years Carolingian political thought came under close scholarly scrutiny. It is now quite evident that no single formula can adequately describe it. Even among proponents of the argumentum unitatis there are essential disagreements. Arquilliere and Tellenbach posited as the basic principle of Frankish political thought the absorption of the state into the church. While Tellenbach

International airlines in a changing world

It is a great honour and pleasure to be invited to deliver this Lawrence Hargrave Memorial Lecture in my home town—particularly as it gives me a chance to pay tribute to a man whose contributions to the development of the science of flight are commonly overlooked and usually under-rated.I can remember vividly Professor Stephens delivering the first of these Memorial Lectures in 1956. With his whimsical sense of humour he started in a rather unconventional way. Without any of the usual introductory words he flashed a portrait of Lawrence Hargrave on the screen and said “Well, there he is—a handsome fellow—what you can see of him.” In a sense these words sum up the theme of my lecture. I want to discuss some of the outstanding problems of the international airline industry—an industry whose handsome features are at present somewhat obscured by adversity.

WAGON REPAIRS LTD. v. VOSPER

November 29, 1967 Factory — Safety regulations — Breach — Statutory defence of “owner or occupier” — “Contravention … of … regulation … which expressly imposes … duty” — Regulation imposing duty on “person who … carries on … operations … and … all … persons employed” — Factory occupier carrying on operations — Breach of regulation by driver and shunter — Whether statutory defence available to occupier if also operator — Factories Act, 1961 (9 & 10 Eliz. II, c. 34), s. 155(2) — Locomotives and Waggons on Lines and Sidings Regulations, 1906 (S.R.& 0.1906,No. 679), Introductory words, para.14.

The Supposed Common Authorship of Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemia Investigated Anew

1) There is also a general unanimity regarding the reason for the assumed separation. With light variations it runs as follows: reason for the division has been seen, and probably rightly, in the fact that Ezr.-Neh. became canonical before Chr. for their contents did not appear in the older books which had already become canonical whereas those of Chr. did. When later Chr. too became canonical Ezr.-Neh. still kept its prior place. 0. EISSFELDT, The Old Testament, an Introduction, translated by P. R. ACKROYD, 1965, pp. 530-531. Cf. also J. MYERS, I Chronicles, 1965, p. XVII, and W. RUDOLPH, Die Chronikbiicher, 1955, p. IV. 2) L. ZUNZ: Dibre-Hayamim oder die Bucher der Die Gottesdienstlichen Vortrdge derJuden, historisch Entwickelt, 1832, p. 13-36. 3) F. C. MOVERS: Kritische Untersuchungen iber die biblische Chronik, 1834. 4) Thus it was correctly stated by C. C. TORREY that is at present generally agreed that Chr.-Ez.-Neh. originally formed one book, which was put in its final form by the author of the book of Chronicles, commonly called 'the Chronicler' . Composition and Historical Value of Ezra Nehemiah, B.Z.A. W. 2, 1896, p. I. A systematic summary of the discussion is given by A. KUENEN, Historisch Kritische Einleitung in die Biicher des A.T. 1890, I § 29 p. lllff., and by S. R. DRIVER, Introduction to the literature of the O.T. 1891 (Enlarged in the following editions). It is interesting to note that J. WELLHAUSEN, while accepting the general opinion in the introductory words to his famous chapter on Chr. totally ignores it in the investigation itself, and deals only with Chr. proper.

Union, section, and committee activities

The Plenary Session of the American Geophysical Union was held on April 19, 1965, in the West Auditorium of the Department of State. The Program was held as set forth on page 13 of the March issue of the Transactions. About 450 were in attendance.Following introductory words by President George P. Woollard, Dr. Fredrick Seitz, President of the National Academy of Sciences, was introduced and gave an interesting address (see page 371). President Woollard presented ‘A Look to the Future,’ the essence of which is presented in the President's Page of this issue. He took the opportunity to develop the theme somewhat more extensively. (Copies of his full talk are available on request to the AGU office.) A. Nelson Sayre, General Secretary of AGU, then summarized the past year's activities.