Side Introduction Research Articles

English

In Ethiopia, technical efficiency studies started about three decades ago. These studies have reached different conclusions regarding agriculture efficiency based on technical efficiency scores. This study represents the first attempt to use meta-analysis to examine the mean technical efficiency estimates in agriculture in Ethiopia. The current study employed 45 frontier studies published from 1993 to 2014 for the meta-analysis. The study employed fractional regression to model for the meta-regression analysis. The result of the study shows that there is no publication bias in technical efficiency studies in Ethiopia. The meta-analysis result shows the overall mean technical efficiencies are 68 and 71% based on fixed effect model and random effect model, respectively, suggesting that there are still opportunities for improvement in the efficiency of Ethiopian agriculture. The result also shows that technical efficiency was found to be decreasing over years for studies carried out in all the four regions together (Tigray, Amhara, Oromia, and South). Overall, the study obtained moderator variables (that is, wheat, maize, sample size, food crop, number of inputs) significantly affecting the estimation of the reported mean technical efficiencies in primary studies across the four meta-regression model specifications. The finding of the decline in technical efficiency over years implies that even though there is a scope of improving efficiency in the country, government should also consider side by side introduction and dissemination of new agricultural technologies to reverse the decreasing technical efficiency. This will ultimately boost the country’s agricultural and food production. Besides, the results call upon researchers and academicians to be curious in identifying study-specific attributes, which are essential for modeling farm-level efficiency. Key words: Meta-analysis, technical efficiency, fixed effect and random effect models. &nbsp

COLLECTING DATA FROM RUNNING SYSTEMS

This article describes a way to build a consolidated log that can be used to facilitate the state of Windows services at runtime. It makes a side by side introduction of code instrumentation techniques and autonomic techniques that can be used to collected data from running systems in order to construct a consolidated log. The techniques try to deal with the non-standardized syntaxes and contents that come with heterogeneous logs. The collected data might be a foundation for a replacement to such logs hence the behavior can be determined by such collected data. These behaviors can be mapped to common, standardized and easy-understandable high level events that can be used as a log themselves.

Bir Eskatoloji Miti olan Tufandan Klasik Türk Şiirinde Şarap Metaforuna

Classical Turkish literature, consists of an Islamic culture around, by reason of being a product of culture affected all cultural layers in the geography domain. We can say that many untitled myths and rituals in the Islamic culture, in terms of being focus of religions and civilizations of the geography of the Middle East and Anatolia. The culture revolve around Noah and his ship, an eschatology myth, continued to protect of the mythological meaning under conditions of varying religions and cultures. This interaction, is just as important and sensitive and can not pass renaming israiliyat or legend, refers to a number of meanings guided the universal school of mythology. Despite of the fact that the introduction of side by side of wine, a drink is prohibited in the religion of Islam, and Noah, is a prophet, frowned upon today, consists of rich a allegory in the context of the flood and Noah's ship, around nature of wine, the invention of the glass and the shape in classical Turkish literature. In this article, we will evaluate handling of narrative grown up around flood, found life in Islamic culture geography and were introduced in this culture as a result of round trips, context of the wine in the calical Turkish literature.

Design, synthesis, biological activity and structural analysis of cyclic peptide inhibitors targeting the substrate recruitment site of cyclin-dependent kinase complexes.

Inhibition of cyclin A- and cyclin E-associated cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2) activities is an effective way of selective induction of apoptotic cell death via the E2F pathway in tumour cells. The cyclin groove recognition motif (CRM) in the natural CDK-inhibitory (CDKI) tumour suppressor protein p27KIP1 was used as the basis for the design and synthesis of a series of cyclic peptides whose biological activity and structural characterisation by NMR and X-ray crystallography is reported. Whereas linear p27KIP1 sequence peptides were comparatively ineffective, introduction of side chain-to-tail constraints was found to be productive. An optimal macrocyclic ring size for the conformational constraint was determined, mimicking the intramolecular H-bonding system of p27. Molecular dynamics calculations of various macrocycles suggested a close correlation between ring flexibility and biological activity. Truncated inhibitor peptide analogues also confirmed the hypothesis that introduction of a cyclic conformational constraint is favourable in terms of affinity and potency. The structural basis for the potency increase in cyclic versus linear peptides was demonstrated through the determination and interpretation of X-ray crystal structures of complexes between CDK2/cylin A (CDK2A) and a constrained pentapeptide.

Temperature–enthalpy curve for energy targeting of distillation columns

The temperature–enthalpy ( T– H) diagram of a distillation column at practical near-minimum thermodynamic condition (PNMTC) or the column grand composite curve (CGCC) is a useful representation for energy targeting studies and may be generated from a converged simulation of a base-case column design. The calculation procedure for the CGCC involves determination of the net enthalpy deficit at each stage by generating envelopes from either the condenser end (top-down approach) or the reboiler end (bottom-up approach). However, the values calculated by the two approaches differ for stages with feeds because existing procedures for CGCC generation do not consider the enthalpy balances at the feed stages. In fact, the net enthalpy deficits at feed stages calculated by both approaches are erroneous even for the simplest case of binary distillation. A feed stage correction (FSC) that rigorously considers the mass and enthalpy balance equations at feed stages is proposed in this work to resolve the discrepancy. Instead of assuming that the compositions obtained from the converged simulation for a feed stage will remain unchanged at PNMTC, the pinched compositions for the feed are determined by the intersection of the equilibrium curve and the feed q-line. Rather than perform an additional flash calculation to establish the pinched feed compositions, a quadratic approximation is developed here for column targeting purposes by assuming the relative volatility obtained from the simulation to remain constant in the neighborhood of the feed stage. The proposed FSC ensures that the CGCC is identical whether the calculations are performed by the top-down approach or the bottom-up approach. The effect of the FSC on the targets for energy conservation by reflux modification, feed conditioning, and introduction of side reboilers/condensers is discussed. As the energy target for reflux modification is determined by the CGCC pinch which typically occurs at or close to the feed location, the significance of the FSC on the reflux modification target is highlighted through several case studies including a complex column featuring multiple feeds and consequently multiple pinch points. The CGCCs for these case studies are generated by a computer program based on the FSC and a single analytical equation for the calculation of the net enthalpy deficits that allows every stage to have a feed, liquid product, vapor product, and side exchanger. The studies show that the reflux modification targets may be erroneous in many cases, if the FSC is ignored.