Introduction Of Robotic Systems Research Articles

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ВЫГОДЫ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ РОБОТИЗИРОВАННЫХ СИСТЕМ В ПРОИЗВОДСТВО

The introduction of robotic systems into production processes represents a significant prospect for improving the efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. Despite high input costs, the use of robotics in production is usually accompanied by a number of economic advantages. This article discusses the main economic benefits of introducing robotic systems into production and their impact on business processes and financial performance of enterprises.

Recent Advances in Orthodontic Archwires: A Review.

Orthodontic archwires are the primary aid to achieve desirable tooth movement. These wires are also considered to be the backbone of orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic archwires are available in various materials. The journey of advancement of these wires has shown immense growth in aesthetics as well as the mechanical properties of the materials used to ultimately provide patient satisfaction. This review highlights the properties of orthodontic archwires and the disadvantages associated with these wires which limit their use in today's era. The major role of the clinician is to choose the most appropriate alloy as per the needs of the patient. This can be done by accurately analyzing the properties of every material. The introduction of robotic systems in bending archwires and the properties of newer materials like organic polymer wires and bactericide archwires have also been described in this review. Thus, this review article focuses on the recent advances in orthodontic archwires and their properties for selection as per need.

Development of e-butler: Introduction of robot system in hospitality with mobile application

During the pandemic, many hotels started to apply strict health protocols for social distancing by reducing the number of its employees. In our research, we would like to develop an application based on E-Butler service robot, called as BeeButler, to solve the problem. The term "E-butler robot" refers to a robot that is designed specifically for use as a butler or a steward in the hotel. Typically, the robot performs small-scale butler duties like delivering amenities, ordered by customer. BeeButler robot adopted line follower model and used RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) for localization based on four mecanum wheels. It is equipped with teleconference devices based on Jetson Nano to facilitate communication. In this paper, mobile application is developed for BeeButler robot with Flutter framework, which use Dart as the programming language. Furthermore, Firebase is used as the database to maintain the data of the amenities, hotel information, and user data. The application handles the order and the BeeButler robot will operate in a case when customers has made a request on amenities through mobile application. In the process of developing the application, we used the waterfall method as our foundation to build the application. Finally, the results of the testing on mobile application for the BeeButler robot are presented. It showed that our BeeButler Application can carry out the main task of E-butler which can substitute human butlers in hotels.

Robotic systems implementation into law enforcement practice and peculiarities of decision-making models in such systems

The proposed directions of artificial intelligence technologies use in maintenance of order and public safety are presented. One of the major directions is the introduction of robotic systems into law enforcement practice, with the respect to certain problems related to the development of models and algorithms for the operation of automatic and semi-automatic robotic means are considered. Possible directions to create models and decision-making methods in control systems of security robots are proposed. As a basis for model development, the experience of creating and operating combat robots, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is proposed. In the proposed models and methods, the emphasis on ensuring the safety, reliability and lawful (legal) operation of the created robotic means is emphasized. to ensure safety and reliability, manufacturers and developers of security robotic equipment are to create a unified knowledge base, including rules, prohibitions, and restrictions, with the help of which it is supposed to combine the experience of using security robots and unify approaches to their development and creation.

Use of robotics in liver donor right hepatectomy.

Liver transplantation is the best solution for end stage liver disease, and has been widely accepted and rapidly developed in the past decades. Along with the improved outcomes of liver transplantation, living-related donor transplantation has been conducted to overcome the shortage of the deceased donor. The most important aspects of the living-related liver transplantation are donor safety and fast recovery after graft procurement. Meanwhile, the rapid progress of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in general surgery has generated heated debate regarding the appropriateness of MIS in living-related donor graft hepatectomy. Technical innovations and instrument enhancements have been allowing recruitment of more potential candidates through smaller wounds and better surgical experience. Although MIS has been documented with safety and feasibility in complex liver surgery, the progress is slow in regard to the application of MIS in donor graft hepatectomy. Pioneer surgeons have devoted themselves to develop the pure MIS approach for the liver donor surgery, but the steep learning curve for pure MIS major hepatectomy remains a major barrier for wide adoption. The introduction of robotic system may lower the barrier for entry for practice into MIS donor hepatectomy.

Robotic surgery for esophageal cancer: Merits and demerits.

Since the introduction of robotic systems in esophageal surgery in 2000, the number of robotic esophagectomies has been gradually increasing worldwide, although robot‐assisted surgery is not yet regarded as standard treatment for esophageal cancer, because of its high cost and the paucity of high‐level evidence. In 2016, more than 1800 cases were operated with robot assistance. Early results with small series demonstrated feasibility and safety in both robotic transhiatal (THE) and transthoracic esophagectomies (TTE). Some studies report that the learning curve is approximately 20 cases. Following the initial series, operative results of robotic TTE have shown a tendency to improve, and oncological long‐term results are reported to be effective and acceptable: R0 resection approaches 95%, and locoregional recurrence is rare. Several recent studies have demonstrated advantages of robotic esophagectomy in lymphadenectomy compared with the thoracoscopic approach. Such technical innovations as three‐dimensional view, articulated instruments with seven degrees of movement, tremor filter etc. have the potential to outperform any conventional procedures. With the aim of preventing postoperative pulmonary complications without diminishing lymphadenectomy performance, a nontransthoracic radical esophagectomy procedure combining a video‐assisted cervical approach for the upper mediastinum and a robot‐assisted transhiatal approach for the middle and lower mediastinum, transmediastinal esophagectomy, was developed; its short‐term outcomes are promising.Thus, the merits or demerits of robotic surgery in this field remain quite difficult to assess. However, in the near future, the merits will definitely outweigh the demerits because the esophagus is an ideal organ for a robotic approach.

The application of the robotic surgical system in pancreaticoduodenectomy

Abstract Owing to the operative complexity, the application of minimally invasive surgery to pancreatic procedures has been delayed. However, with advances in technique, and since the introduction of robotic systems in particular, pancreatic minimally invasive surgery has made much progress. Laparoscopic and robotic technology has been widely adopted. The safety and feasibility of minimally invasive procedures for pancreaticoduodenectomy have been confirmed in many reports. However, even with these advantages, laparoscopic and robotic surgery cannot completely replace laparotomy. Pancreatic surgeons need to master these three operative methods to be able to handle complicated clinical situations.

Robot-assisted nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma without intraoperative reposition or redocking

The gold standard for treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma remains nephroureterectomy with the ipsilateral bladder cuff excision. With the introduction of robot system, robot-assisted surgery has become popular in the management of urological malignancies. We report a single institute experience of robot-assisted nephroureterectomy (RANU) for the treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UC) without re-docking the robot system or reposition of the patient. The perioperative and oncologic outcomes are discussed.

Safety and oncologic outcomes of robotic-assisted esophagogastrectomy.

93 Background: The introduction of robotic systems to surgical oncology has allowed improved visualization with more precise manipulation of tissues. In esophageal cancer patients, this is crucial since most patients undergo neoadjuvant therapy (NT) prior to surgical resection. We report our initial experience in patients undergoing robotic-assisted Ivor-Lewis esophagogastrectomy (RAIL) for oncologic purposes at a large-referral center. Methods: A retrospective review of all consecutive patients undergoing RAIL from 2010-2011 was performed. Basic demographics such as age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Oncologic outcomes include tumor type, location, NT, post-operative tumor margins, and nodal harvest. Immediate 30-day postoperative complications were also recorded. Results: We identified 50 patients who under went RAIL with median age of 66 (42-82 years). The mean BMI was 28.6 ± 0.7, 67% of patients received NT and 54% had an ASA classification of 3. The mean and median number of lymph nodes retrieved during surgery was 20 ± 1.4 and 18.5 (8-63) respectively. R0 resections were achieved in all patients. The mean estimated blood loss was 146 ± 15 ml and there were no conversions to an open procedure. Postoperative complications occurred in 13 (26 %) of patients. Complications included atrial fibrillation 5 (10%), pneumonia 5 (10%), anastamotic leak 1 (2%), conduit staple line leak 1(2%), and chylous thorax 2 (4%). There were no wound infections documented. The median ICU stay and length of hospitalization (LOH) were 2 and 9 days respectively. Total mean operating time calculated from time of skin incision to wound closure was 453 ± 13 minutes. The mean operative time significantly decreased over time (first 23 cases 479 min vs. second 23 cases 428 min, p<0.05). Similarly the frequency of complications decreased significantly after 28 cases: 10 (35%) vs. 3 (13%) p=0.04. There were no in hospital mortalities. Conclusions: We demonstrated that RAIL for esophageal cancer can be performed safely with acceptable oncologic outcomes. RAIL may be associated with fewer complications after a learning curve, and shorter ICU stay and LOH.

Overview on robotics in the laboratory

This review provides a short history of the development of robotic systems in Clinical Chemistry and discusses the early expectations for these systems. The systems currently available are discussed and every attempt has been made to keep this section up-to-date, but this is a constantly changing field. Much of the review is taken up looking at the impact resulting from the introduction of robotic systems in the laboratory and whether they have met the expectations of the laboratory. It is difficult to get hard data since laboratories are most concerned with getting their instrumentation up and running and there is little time, or thought given, to pre- and post-introduction studies. Therefore, the literature is sparse but much of the data for the UK has come from a Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) review of pre-analytical systems. Finally thought has been given to future developments and their possible impact on the functioning of the laboratory.

Robot-Assisted Thoracoscopic Resection of a Superior Mediastinal Tumor

Although a thoracoscopic approach has been used for thoracic neurogenic tumors for several decades, it is the recent introduction of robotic systems that has revolutionized videoscopic surgery by allowing surgeons to perform complex thoracoscopic procedures safely. However, there have been few reports describing robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, especially for tumors of the apical thorax. Herein we present our experience with successful robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for a 44-year-old woman with a superior mediastinal neurogenic tumor that was discovered during workup for a chronic dry cough of about one month's duration. No obvious complication was noted after the procedure, and recovery was uneventful. Robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may be an effective alternative in treating selected patients with mediastinal tumors.

Use of DSC robotic systems in pharmaceutical analysis

DSC is extremely valuable for analysis of pharmaceuticals. The introduction of robotic systems with data acquisition and processing makes it very competitive to other methods in the field of purity determination or solid state characterization of raw materials. Some applications are also possible to dosage forms. Applications of DSC robotics with statistical results are given.