Introduction Of Products Research Articles

Consumer attitudes, willingness to pay and hedonic evaluations of innovative legume gnocchi products.

With growing concerns over the adverse effects of animal-derived products on health, animal welfare and the environment, the rising popularity of plant-based foods underscores the importance of understanding consumer preferences and determining acceptance. The present study takes the form of a case study that utilized innovative legume-based flours to develop multiple gnocchi products. The Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) mechanism as an auction method was employed to elicit consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) following a hedonic evaluation test involving 127 Spanish consumers. The findings indicate that a majority of consumers exhibit a high level of environmental concern, coupled with increased trust in, as well as perceptions of, the benefits of consuming plant-based products. However, they demonstrated moderate attitudes with regard to plant-based products. Notably, product sample tasting had a negative impact on consumers' WTP for legume-based gnocchi. The respondents' education level, income, financial situation, government support, environmental concerns, perceived risks, flavor and color significantly influenced consumers' WTP. The present study offers initial insights into consumer attitudes and WTP for legume-based products in Spain. The findings are of relevance for producers and marketers aiming to promote environmentally-sustainable food production and consumption. They may also play a pivotal role in facilitating the successful introduction and sale of such plant-based products in the Spanish market. Going forward, addressing any limitations of this study and exploring further research avenues will be crucial for refining our understanding of consumer behavior in this context. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

PENGENALAN DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK HASIL PERIKANAN PADA IBU DAN BALITA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN GEMAR MAKAN IKAN UNTUK MENCEGAH STUNTING DI KB TK YAA BUNAYYA, SURABAYA

Early childhood is the golden age of children's development to obtain an educational process and is also fundamental and strategic education in the development of human resources, therefore we, the Faculty of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs, Airlangga University, collaborate with Day Care- KB-PAUD and YAA BUNAYYA Kindergarten to carry out activities community service related to the introduction of diversified fishery products among mothers and toddlers as an effort to increase their interest in eating fish to prevent stunting. Day Care-KB-PAUD and TK YAA BUNAYYA is an educational institution for early pre-school age in Surabaya City, East Java Province with a total of 130 students and 25 teachers. Indonesia is a developing country that is still facing serious problems regarding stunting and improving nutritional status is a top priority, therefore having a community service program related to the introduction of fishery product diversification is one solution to increase fish consumption as a high protein intake to prevent stunting. In this community service activity, we introduce from an early age the importance of eating fish, the nutritional content, and the benefits obtained from consuming fishery products. The activities carried out were demonstrations distributing fish food products, providing education for children, parents and teachers about the importance of eating fish. Finally, we also share modules related to several types of fisheries food diversification which can be easily practiced at school or by parents at home

Ocena innowacyjności i otwartości na zmiany wśród pielęgniarek, położnych oraz ratowników medycznych

IntroductionInnovativeness, which is associated with the continuous improvement of the current healthcare system, the implementation of new ideas, the introduction of new products and equipment in the medical environment, and the change that causes the modification of existing habits and procedures, affect the development of the healthcare system and improve the quality of patient care.AimThe aim of the study was to assess the innovativeness and the openness to change of nurses, midwives and paramedics.Material and methodsThe research was conducted from November 2023 to April 2024. The total number of people participating in the survey 123 respondents. The following methods were the survey technique was used, and the method of estimation, using rating scales.Results and discussionThe study shows that nurses, midwives and paramedics have similar values of levels of innovativeness and openness to change. Openness to change is at a high level, while innovativeness, according to the adopted key, is described as above average. In the case of nurses, age, seniority, education and the position held have an impact on the level of openness to change.ConclusionsThe level of innovativeness in this group of respondents is significantly influenced by education and position. The level of openness to changes of midwives is influenced by age, education and position, while their innovativeness is influenced by the place of residence, education and position. Paramedics have a level of openness to change and innovativeness at an equal level regardless of the parameters taken into account, only the position they hold makes a difference in results.

Introduction of nicotine analogue-containing oral pouch products in the United States.

In 2023, 6-methyl nicotine (6MN), a synthetic nicotine analog, was introduced in US-marketed electronic cigarette products advertised as exempt from regulation. It is unknown whether the use of 6MN has spread to other product categories. Industry reports, patent and trademark databases were searched for 6-methyl nicotine products. Identified trademarks 'Metatine', 'Nixotine', 'Imotine' were used to search for US-marketed products. Ingredient information was compared to US market-leading products, and safety warnings and regulatory statements were assessed in context with US state and federal regulations. Two US-based oral pouch brands, 'MG' and 'Hippotine' pouches, were identified in August 2024, advertised to contain 'Imotine'-trademarked 6MN. MG Pouches are marketed in four flavors, and 'Hippotine'-branded pouches are marketed in two flavors, likely representing banned flavor characterization in US state jurisdictions such as California. 6MN contents range 8-25 mg. Otherwise, the ingredient lists were almost identical across both product lines. Products list extensive addiction and health warnings, including warnings not to operate vehicles. Vendors state that these are not tobacco products, which implies that federal and state tobacco regulations do not apply. The spread of nicotine analogs to additional product categories, such as oral pouches, is concerning, especially given the high declared 6MN contents exceeding nicotine in popular US-marketed oral nicotine pouch products. Legislators and regulators need to provide certainty about the regulatory status of nicotine analogs to prevent further erosion of tobacco flavor bans and other regulations.

Pengaruh Inovasi Produk Terhadap Penjualan Coklat Berhantu pada Mf Dessert

Innovation is a mechanism for companies to adapt to a dynamic environment. Therefore, companies must be able to develop new thoughts and ideas, provide innovative products, and improve services to satisfy customers. This research aims to determine the effect of product innovation on sales of Haunted Chocolate at MF Dessert in Palu City. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The results show that in August, sales were relatively high due to product introductions to customers. However, in September and October, sales declined before the innovation was implemented, mainly due to a decrease in interest in sweets. After the innovation was implemented, sales in November and December increased because customers were attracted to the new flavors, many preferring pandan and cappuccino flavors to the original flavors. In conclusion, sales of Haunted Chocolate before the innovation had decreased due to lack of interest in sweet foods. Innovation has a positive effect on sales, as evidenced by an increase in sales after the innovation is implemented.

Mechanical Recycling of New and Challenging Polymer Systems: A Brief Overview

AbstractPollution from plastics is a major issue in the current context, prompting the scientific community to focus its efforts on recycling these materials. Mechanical recycling emerges as the most popular due to its practicality and cost‐effectiveness. In fact, with the increase in environmental awareness, the adoption of new circular economy models, stricter regulations mandating disposal and recycling, and lower costs compared to other recycling techniques, this type of recycling is taking a predominant role over other method. However, the presence of a variety of products of different polymeric nature, the introduction of new biodegradable products, and the complexity of multilayer packaging combining different polymers, without concrete solutions for recycling create a heterogeneous range of materials that leaks into the environment. The scientific literature is actively addressing these challenges, and this review aims to explore the latest strategies for enhancing the mechanical recycling of new and challenging polymer systems. Specifically, it explores the recycling of materials originally designated for landfill, incineration or composting, focusing on advancements in management of these previously overlooked and problematic system. This underexplored perspective seeks to offer new insights and innovative solutions that can transform polymer waste management and advance more sustainable recycling practices.

Application of Public-Private Partnership Mechanisms to Ensure Innovative Development of the Healthcare Sector

INTRODUCTION. The pursuit of technological sovereignty in the current geopolitical situation has led to a growing emphasis on studying relations in the field of government support for healthcare innovation, in particular, the institute of public–private partnership (PPP). In the face of the challenges presented by sanctions, the economic crisis, and a potential deficit in sustainably competitive national innovative medical products, the Russian government is confronted with the necessity of financing the development and production of innovative medical products, including through involving private partners (investors). The use of PPP mechanisms is essential for the achievement of technological sovereignty. In addition to attracting private capital and competences, PPP mechanisms can significantly accelerate the development, realisation, and introduction of innovative medical products, improve the quality of medical care, and increase the production of medicines and medical devices.AIM. This study aimed to analyse existing PPP mechanisms for the development of the Russian healthcare, science, and technology sectors within the framework of state–business relations and to identify optimal models for the development, realisation, introduction, and production of innovative medical products.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study analysed Russian federal legislation using an information-based analytical approach to identify the most promising mechanisms for innovative development in healthcare, with a focus on PPP models.RESULTS. The article considers frequently encountered forms of possible government involvement in and support of innovative healthcare development with the aim of increasing efficiency and scaling up the realisation and introduction of innovative medical products. Additional aspects covered include the funding of technological sovereignty projects, the expansion of preferential regimes, and the concept of using PPP models. The article presents various PPP realisation mechanisms, including special investment contracts, concession agreements, and PPP agreements, which allow placing infrastructure facilities under the management of private partners. The transferred facilities may include production facilities, research centres, and other facilities necessary for innovative development. The article pays particular attention to the terms and features of concession agreements in the healthcare sector, considers the distribution of duties and responsibilities between the parties involved, and investigates the use of the risk-based approach. Additionally, the article analyses established business practices to identify conditions that are necessary for the parties to a concession agreement.CONCLUSIONS. The realisation of PPP projects in the innovative development of the healthcare sector requires taking into account and overcoming constraining factors, including technological and administrative barriers that may hinder effective development. The authors believe that the most preferable PPP form is the concession agreement model.

Low-carbon optimal dispatch of park integrated energy system considering coordinated ammonia production from multiple hydrogen energy

The utilization of ammonia energy has garnered considerable global attention as a viable approach to alleviate pressure on energy supply within park integrated energy systems (PIES) and enhance energy efficiency. However, the introduction of ammonia production requires the system to increase large amounts of hydrogen, diversifying the sources of hydrogen and challenging the coordinated operation of PIES. In this paper, the inertia characteristics of the gas and thermal energy delivery process are utilized to increase the flexibility of the PIES operation. A technological framework for coordinated ammonia production from multi-hydrogen energy in PIES under consideration of having inertia characteristics and a low-carbon operation strategy for ammonia-doped combustion in thermal generation is constructed. Limiting carbon emissions through a stepped carbon trading mechanism in this strategy. In addition, while addressing the ammonia-doped requirement for thermal generation combustion, and by flexibly setting the ammonia doping ratio of thermal generation combustion, the operation of PIES under different ammonia-doped ratios has been analyzed in detail. The results demonstrate that the proposed model enhances the utilization of renewable energy, leading to reduction in total economic costs by 4.52 % and total carbon emissions by 24.81 %. This makes the operation of PIES more economical, low-carbon, and flexible.

Red, blue, and green? The association between CEOs' political ideologies and green new product introductions

AbstractNot all firms exhibit the same level of commitment to green new product introductions (GNPIs), yet our understanding of the factors underlying these disparities remains incomplete. Prior research has primarily focused on firm‐level factors, paying little attention to individual‐level antecedents of GNPIs. This imbalance in the GNPI literature contrasts with the broader innovation and general management literature, which displays an ever‐growing interest in the “human side of innovation,” acknowledging the relevance of Chief Executive Officers' (CEOs') political ideologies for organizational outcomes. Addressing this imbalance, our study examines the relationship between CEOs' political ideologies and their firms' GNPIs, along with the conditions that shape this influence. Grounded in social identity theory, our study first argues that the more liberal CEOs are, the more GNPIs their firms are likely to generate and that this association is amplified by CEO power. It then proposes that the more liberal CEOs are, the more likely they are to respond to adverse situations beyond their control (a Republican presidency or lower levels of consumer green sentiment) by initiating more GNPIs. It finally posits that the more liberal CEOs are, the fewer GNPIs they tend to initiate in response to adverse situations for which they are accountable (involvement in sustainability‐related scandals). We integrate data from seven databases into a longitudinal dataset comprising 89 firms and 192 CEOs over the period 2010–2020 to test our theoretical framework empirically. Time‐lagged panel regression analyses strongly support our theoretical arguments. Our findings contribute to the emergence of an individual‐level, microfoundational perspective on sustainable innovations, our knowledge about the organizational implications and boundary conditions of CEOs' political ideologies, and the treatment of multiple identities within social identity theory, especially the relationship between political and occupational identities. The implications of our findings extend to business practitioners, offering valuable insights for CEOs, boards of directors, and investors.

Synthesis of Ag Nanowires with High Aspect Ratio for Highly Sensitive Flexible Strain Sensor

AbstractIn recent years, the research and development of various flexible wearable devices have rapidly advanced due to the continuous introduction of flexible electronic product. These devices have found applications in health monitoring, cardiovascularcare, internal and external workload, and more.Flexible sensors, being a vital component of flexible devices, determine the functionalities and performance capabilities of the devices. Metal nanomaterials, especially silver nanowires, are widely used in flexible sensors in past research due to their great advantages in flexibility and sensitivity. In this work, Silver nanowires with aspect ratios of 600, 1000, and 1400 were synthesized by adjusting the synergy of Br‐ and Cl‐, along with other process parameters, leading to an improved production efficiency of silver nanowires.The stability of the conductive network is enhanced when the aspect ratio of silver nanowires is 1000 and 1400.The sensor demonstrated high sensitivity at high strain, along with an extended strain range.Moreover, it was observed that increasing the aspect ratio of silver nanowires led to a more stable conductive network, thus enhancing the sensor's stability with over 10000 stretching cycles. under the appropriate deposition density, silver nanowires with aspect ratio of 600 have high sensitivity to low strain, and silver nanowires with aspect ratio of 1400 have high sensitivity to high strain, up to 247.3. Introducing microstructures on the surface of PDMS resulted in an increased maximum sensitivity of the sensor with decreasing microstructure size, reaching a maximum sensitivity of 322.2.

The Impact of Green Trade Openness on Air Quality

Environmental degradation is among the most pressing issues the world faces today. Air pollution is one of the many forms of environmental degradation and can drastically impact human health and ecosystem functioning. Research shows that rapid intervention strategies are required to achieve the environmental targets set out by international agreements. One strategy that has been widely accepted to combat this issue of environmental degradation is the introduction of green products. The adoption of green products can be increased through trade. However, knowledge of the impact of trading these products is limited. This study examines the relationship between the trading of green products and air quality in a case study of 33 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries from 2003-2016. We employ several panel strategies, such as the Westerlund (2008) Durbin-H method for cointegration and the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MM-QR). The trading of green products was proxied by the newly developed ‘Green Openness Index.’ Nitrous oxide (NOx) and sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions served as proxies for air pollution. The relationship between the variables was explored in the context of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The cointegration analysis reveals that there is a long-run relationship among the series. Long-run estimations prove that the EKC hypothesis is valid for the analyzed series. Additionally, the empirical findings reveal that trading environmentally friendly products increases air quality while energy consumption decreases. We provide several policy suggestions based on the study’s outcomes, such as supporting the trade liberalization of green goods, reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers for environmentally friendly products, and promoting the adoption of environmentally friendly goods by providing subsidies and other tax incentives to consumers.

On-demand insurance: idea, development, impact on market equilibrium

The article presents the definition, idea, development, and current state of a new business model known as on-demand insurance which has been in existence since the early 21st century. Moreover, the article does not only describe the premises behind the development of this new method of creating value for clients of insurance companies and the opportunities that appear in the market but also addresses the challenges that insurance providers can encounter. Based on the analysis and available source materials, the most interesting types of these insurance products and the entities that include such products in the portfolios were presented. In addition, some new regulatory challenges and trends were described. The purpose of this study is to analyse the behaviour of the insurance market after the introduction of on-demand products in light of the classical definition of equilibrium in a competitive insurance market under conditions of information asymmetry. The authors analysed the economic implications of implementing on-demand insurance, demonstrating its potential to enhance the overall welfare of the insured population by increasing utility for certain risk groups of clients.

Financial Development of Disney: Analyzing Box Office Revenue, Derivative Products, and Audience Demographics

Disney is known around the world for its unique animated films, theme parks and classic characters. Through continuous innovation and development, Disney has combined The traditional art of animation with modern technology to create many classic animated films such as "The Lion King," "Frozen" and "Beauty and the Beast."This paper explores Disney's success factors in terms of box office revenue, derivative products, and audience demographiAnalyzingzing relevant literature and it summarizes how Disney has solidified its leading position in the global entertainment industry through high-grossing films, a wide range of derivative products, and precise market positioning. The study reveals that Disney's continuous innovation and market adaptation, including the introduction of new content and diverse products, have successfully attracted audiences of all ages. The paper also provides recommendations for further enhancing Disney's market position and audience engagement, such as investing in original content, emphasizing diversity and inclusivity, and expanding digital and interactive experiences.

Input-output-outcome innovation model: an analysis of the Brazilian manufacturing companies

PurposeThe objectives of this study are to identify which inputs are most relevant for development and successful introduction of product and process innovations and identify the impacts of these two types of innovation on the performance of Brazilian manufacturing companies.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes the relationships between input, output and outcome for a sample of 5,586 Brazilian manufacturing companies by using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results indicate that (1) product innovations are favored by internal resources, (2) process innovations are favored by external resources, (3) product innovations mainly affect a range of products offered by companies and (4) process innovations mainly affect performance in manufacturing capacity, flexibility and costs.Practical implicationsBy identifying the main efforts to improve the innovation performance and input-output-outcome relationships, the results can contribute to a better decision-making process for innovation investments and management in companies as well as for policymakers. The results are particularly relevant given that the Brazilian case can serve as a reference for other emerging countries.Originality/valueAnalyses of the innovation in input-output-outcome relationships were performed in a comprehensive way by using a set of variables for defining each construct. This allowed each construct to be better measured, which improved the understanding of the relationships between inputs and outcomes mediated by product and process innovations.

Unveiling the role of city commercial banks in influencing land financialization: Evidence from China

Local financial development is crucial for advancing regional financial supply side structural reform, enabling local governments to leverage financial instruments to effectively mobilize land resources and foster competitive growth. The introduction of numerous financial products linked to land-related rights and interests has resulted in a pronounced transmission and interconnection of fiscal and financial risks across regions. This study examines the impact of local financial development on land financialization in China using panel data from prefecture-level cities and detailed information on land mortgages. The findings indicate that the establishment of city commercial banks (CCBs) contributes to the progress of land financialization by incentivizing local government financing vehicles to participate in land mortgage financing, increasing the transfer of debt risks to the financial sector. Notably, the impact of CCBs on land financialization is more pronounced in regions with urban agglomeration, high GDP manipulation, inadequate local financial regulation, and robust implicit government guarantees. Further analysis reveals that CCB establishment has negative spillover effects on land financialization in neighboring areas, while expansion strategies such as establishing intercity branches, engaging in cross-regional mergers, and relaxing regulations have mitigated the rise of land financialization at the regional level. This study provides policy recommendations that focus on reducing local governments’ reliance on land financing and enhancing the prevention and management of financial risks.

Prospects for increasing the functionality of milk-containing products through the use of non-traditional plant raw materials

It is an undeniable fact that nutrition is an important and integral part of human life. Unfortunately, nutrition is not always complete and balanced. It has been established that only rational nutrition is the lever by which it is possible to ensure normal growth and development of the body. Food industry enterprises are trying to create exactly such conditions for adequate human adaptation to the regalia of the surrounding world, namely, they develop and produce specialized products that contribute not only to disease prevention, but also to a stable increase in mental and physical performance. Moreover, these activities do not contradict the state policy in terms of improving the health of the population, through the introduction of healthy nutrition products into the retail network, through various assistance to manufacturing enterprises (subsidies, grant support). Regarding manufacturers of milk-containing food products, the importance of which is undeniable, they quite actively promote product lines for certain segments of the population, for example, children, pregnant and lactating women and the elderly. The main objective of the research is to develop a technology for a milk-containing product (drinking yoghurt) that includes several functions important for humans, namely, functional, diabetic, probiotic ones. The product is given the specified functions by including scientifically substantiated components in the recipe, including those from non-traditional raw materials. Standard and individual research methods have been used to confirm the quality indicators of the finished product. The main results of the research include determining the type of plant material that meets the specified requirements and characteristics and contributes to giving the finished product additional properties (prebiotic, functional, diabetic). The final result of the research is obtaining a product that helps increase the body resistance to the negative environmental effects. The use of secondary plant materials for food purposes, which contributes to the design of a food product with a certain quality composition and specified consumer properties, in comparison with existing analogues, can be considered the novelty of the research.

Increasing the efficiency of logistics for the area of storage and picking of special materials

The article deals with increasing the efficiency of logistics flows for the area of storage and picking. The aim of the processed study was to focus on the analysis of logistics activities and processes, the state of supply and inventory management. An assessment of the effectiveness of the introduced information system at the selected warehouse was carried out, which led to changes in a positive direction in the very process of storage and management of special products. The study presents the design of variants, the selection of the optimal one using selected decision-making methods and the introduction of a new warehouse system, which leads to the efficiency of the entire storage process in the NPI (New Product Introduction) warehouse. The output of the study is also the implementation of the selected variant into industrial practice, which is declared by the elaborated project of the introduction of the selected variant. The article is a contribution related to the process of implementing a warehouse and picking system for specialized material items.

A Radical Idea of Temple Tourism Based on the Theory of Time-Space-Connection

Temple tourism, after the timely and effective building of the offline experience and public opinions, also with the help of marketing platforms and social media to enhance consumer perceived value, thereby establishing the mind assets of temple tourism on the internet. Besides, the research use the concept of time-space-connections as a backdrop to explores the deep reasons why temples can attract the younger generation successfully. Guided by the theory of time-space-connections, we found that the deep reasons are the introduction of suitable products (temple tourism and additional products) at the right time (two periods: post-pandemic and after customer demand shifts) and in the right space (two types of spaces: temple space and the choice between online and offline spaces). Nowadays, with the booming of temple tourism, the author discusses the deep-seated reasons behind the popularity and how to combine offline experiences and public opinions to ignite temple tourism. This offers other industries valuable marketing suggestions and endorsements.

“It became a cycle I was not able to break” towards menstrual justice: addressing human rights violation at Indian workplaces

Purpose This paper aims to advance the concept of “menstrual justice” by building on the comprehensive framework developed by Margaret E. Johnson (2019), which integrates legal rights, social justice and intersectional analysis. By applying Johnson’s insights and human rights frameworks to menstrual health management, the study advocates for state interventions to safeguard women labourers from exploitative practices that endanger their reproductive health and to uphold their menstrual rights. Design/methodology/approach A case study methodology is used to scrutinize menstrual injustices experienced by women labourers in precarious employment conditions. Specifically, it examines two cases, the mass hysterectomies in Beed, Maharashtra and the administration of unidentified pharmaceuticals to women in Tamil Nadu factories to mitigate menstrual pain and maximize productivity. Findings The findings reveal severe violations pertaining to menstrual justice, with practices deeply rooted in socioeconomic deprivation and systemic neglect. These issues subject female workers to various forms of gender-based violence that goes beyond physical abuse, raising critical concerns about menstrual justice and human rights violations. Research limitations/implications The study’s findings have limited generalizability due to the specific contexts of the case study. Furthermore, the absence of insights from managers/supervisors, and factory owners limits a comprehensive understanding of the policies and factors leading to neglect of menstrual management practices. Practical implications The findings of the study will prompt the medical industry to initiate research into medications that can effectively alleviate period pain while minimizing harmful side effects. Current treatments often come with significant drawbacks, highlighting the need for safer and more effective alternatives. Addressing this research gap is vital for achieving menstrual equity, as it ensures that individuals suffering from menstrual pain have access to relief that does not jeopardize their overall health. Advancing research in this area will not only enhance the quality of life for menstruators but also contribute to a more equitable and inclusive approach to menstrual health care. Social implications The findings support reframing menstrual friendly labour policies including comprehensive sexual and reproductive health information to everyone, regardless of gender, to reduce misinformation and stigma associated with menstruation at workplaces. Additionally, the study proposes the introduction of reusable menstrual products like menstrual cups to overcome period poverty. Thus, ensuring access to these resources is crucial for enabling informed decision-making, promoting gender equality, addressing health disparities and fostering the development of menstrual-friendly workplace policies. Originality/value This study, by using a case study-based approach, has thoroughly examined the issues and challenges faced by female labourers in fields and factories. It uniquely identifies the inadequacies in menstrual management provisions for female workers in India and advocates for a human rights-based approach to ensure that menstruators can manage their menstrual health safely. Unlike most existing studies, which primarily focus on product usage and the stigma or myths surrounding menstruation, this study advances menstrual justice by calling for labour policy reforms and medical research to lessen menstrual pain without compromising menstruators’ health. These reforms aim to provide working women with adequate rest and necessary provisions during menstruation. Addressing these gaps is essential and has been largely overlooked in global health policies.

Introduction of Nicotine Analogue-Containing Oral Pouch Products in the United States.

In 2023, 6-methyl nicotine (6MN), a synthetic nicotine analogue, was introduced in US-marketed electronic cigarette products advertised as exempt from regulation. It is unknown whether the use of 6MN has spread to the oral nicotine pouch product category that has become increasingly popular. Industry reports and the USPTO database were searched for informationon 6-methyl nicotine products. The search terms "Metatine", "Nixotine", "Imotine" and "pouches" were shortlisted and used to identify US-marketed pouch products. Ingredient contents were compared to popular products, and safety warnings and regulatory statements assessed in context with US state and federal regulations. Two US-based brands, "MG" and "Hippotine" pouches, were identified in August 2024, advertised to contain "Imotine"-trademarked 6MN. MG Pouches are marketed in four youth-appealing flavors. "Hippotine"-branded pouches are marketed in two flavors. 6MN contents ranged between 8mg - 25mg with almost identical ingredient lists otherwise. Products list extensive addiction and health warnings, including warnings not to operate vehicles. Vendors state that these are not a tobacco product, implicating that federal and state tobacco regulations do not apply. The spread of nicotine analogues to additional product categories such as oral pouches is concerning, especially given the high 6MN contents that exceed nicotine contents in popular US-marketed oral nicotine pouch products. Legislators and regulators need to provide certainty about the regulatory status of nicotine analogues to prevent further erosion of tobacco flavor bans and other regulations.