Introduction Of Mineral Fertilizers Research Articles

Ефективність симбіотичної діяльності рослин квасолі звичайної за внесення мінеральних добрив та інокуляції насіння

Ефективність симбіотичної діяльності рослин квасолі звичайної за внесення мінеральних добрив та інокуляції насіння

Динаміка чисельності бур’янів і їх видового складу в агроценозах кукурудзи залежно від обробітку грунту та удобрення в північному степу України

<p>We determined that the structure of phytocenosis of weeds in corn crops caused by the influence of their adaptive ability and structure of crop areas in crop rotation. The basis of the dominance of weeds in the species structure is the resistance to herbicides, wide range of similarity, morphological plasticity, and the presence of non-toxic signs. The application of the technology of corn cultivation of small, non-field multicultural soil cultivation (chiseling, flattening loosening) leads to strong increase in the level of permeation by 1.4-1.8 times, which in turn requires the additional rules for soil treatment and postemerged herbicides that reliably control the corn productivity. It has been proved that field plowing and chiseling together with the introduction of the N<sub>30</sub>P<sub>30</sub>K<sub>30</sub> had minimal advantage on the corn grain yields in non-fertilized conditions due to better nutritional conditions and lower levels of perennial crops. The most effective soil treatment was the shallow and flattening loosening of the chip which under increase of nitrogen content (N60P30K30) caused by corn fertilization allows us to obtain the same yield concerning the plowing and chiseling. The methods of basic soil cultivation under low level of feed infestation (9.0-12.6 pieces/m²) did not have significant effect on the quality of corn grain. The introduction of mineral fertilizers (especially nitrogen) increases the tendency to increase the protein content in the grain (proteins) and reduce the content of carbohydrates, especially the starch.</p>

PERSPECTIVE STRUCTURES OF MACHINE AND TRACTOR UNITS FOR OPERATIONS COMBINATION

Perspective structures of machine and tractor units for combination of technological operations when performing of the field mechanized works are offered. Combination is based on the operations coinciding on agrotechnical terms of the performed works: introduction of mineral fertilizers - stubble processing of the soil; hulling of an eddish - application of fertilizers; chisel plowing soils - introduction of mineral fer-tilizers; crops of intermediate cultures - processing of the soil and etc. Efficiency of combination is determined by higher quality of the performed works without gap by time, moisture economy, elimination of the losses brought in the soil of materials (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides), respect for threading and rhythm of production processes, decrease in need for the equipment and a labor power and all cost types (labor, cash, energy). All this promotes increase in competitiveness of the made products. Completion of the offered new structures of multipurpose aggregates is based on use of the serial basic machines checked in production (deep-rippers, plows, cultivators, disk tools, seeders, etc.) equipped with various devices for introduction of mineral fertilizers, seeds, their seal which are also checked in or-dinary operation to the soil on the optimum depth and a compacting of crops. Except economic effect of combination of transactions by the provided aggregates are obvious agro-nomical and cost efficiency: decrease in consolidation and a puddled condition of the soil that influences its fertility, complete use of soil moisture that guarantees amicable shoots and future harvest.

INFLUENCE OF SOIL AND MINERAL FOOD PROCESSING ON THE DYNAMICS OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND NPK IN COLD YARNS

The use of scientifically based doses of fertilizers in the cultivation of crops does not lead to the removal of nutrients from the natural reserves of the organic and mineral soil by microflora. At the same time, the methods and terms for the introduction of mineral fertilizers must be linked with the technology of soil preparation and moisture supply. Nitrogen fertilizers, because of their rapid volati-lization, are recommended to be applied for pre-sowing cultivation with sealing in the surface layer, and phosphorous fertilizers, as inactive - along with the main soil treatment. In this connection, in studies of the significant influence of the methods of basic soil cultivation with and without application of nitrogen, its dynamics along layers are not revealed. Deep soil-free tillage allows significantly more accumulation and longer storage of moisture in the soil layers; In comparison with the classical plowing and dumping plowing and planing in a meter layer of soil, the additional moisture reserves before sowing the crop are respectively 300 and 230 m3 / ha, in the tubing phase - barley - 256 and 189 m3/ha, in the phase of milk ripeness - 270 And 128 m3/ha. Deficiency of moisture reduces the biological activity of the soil, in this regard, moisture-saving methods of basic soil cultivation are especially important in conditions of rain-fed farming, not only on the yield of agricultural crops, but also on the processes of humus formation. The total accumulation of amino acids in the half-meter layer in the variant with deep soil-free tillage before sowing barley was 424 g amine / G of cloth, in the phase of tubing - ear - 400 g amine / G canvas, in the phase of milk ripeness - 210 g amine / G of canvas. The values obtained are higher in comparison with the control data and the variant with planar tillage at 7 and 18%, 48 and 32%, 10 and 36% respectively. Positive dynamics in terms of productive moisture and accumulation of amino acids in the variant with deep soil-free soil treatment, application of calculated phosphorus doses for main processing and nitrogen for pre-sowing cultivation, had an effect on a significant increase in grain relative to control at 0.4 t/ha, Processing - at 0.35 t/ha.

Phosphate Nutrition and Yield of Winter Wheat Under the Influence of Fertilizers and Polimiksobakteryn

Aim. To study the features of phosphorus nutrition of winter wheat under the infl uence of different doses of mineral fertilizers and microbial preparation Polimiksobakteryn. Methods. The phosphatase activity in rhizo- sphere soil of winter wheat was determined photocolorimetrically by the method of Geller and Ginsburg, the phosphorus content in plants – as described by Denizhe in the modifi cation of Bouvatier. Results. The phos- phatase activity in the rhizosphere soil of winter wheat plants increases due to the application of a microbial preparation and mineral fertilizers in low doses. This increases both the absorption of phosphorus by plants and their yield. Conclusions. Growing winter wheat on the leached black soil with dose-relevant introduction of mineral fertilizers in doses, not exceeding N[60] P[60] K[60] , and the use of Polimiksobakteryn improve phosphorus nutrition of wheat plants and promote the increase in the yield of crops.

The Role of Organic Matter in Modern Agriculture

The use of organic residues as a means of maintaining and increasing soil fertility is of long-standing. This tradition has been somewhat neglected since the introduc tion of mineral fertilizers at low cost. More and more farmers and scientists are now showing renewed interest in the proper and effective use of org tnic residues, composts and other recycled organic additives. The role and function of organic amendments in modern agricultural systems have become topics of major interest in the scientific and agricultural communities. Research work on residue disposal has provided new concepts on the interaction between organic components and soils as well as new handling technologies (e. g. pelletizing of organic residues). The trend to conserve energy has led scientists to study the minimal tillage system, to find ways of replacing conventional inorganic fertilizers with natural organic prod ucts or microbial preparations, and to develop new composting methods. The drive to achieve higher yields in commercial greenhouse farming has led to a search for optimum substrates as growth media and for improved management techniques. This has led to the introduction of organic substitutes for peat, nota bly those originating from agricultural wastes. Another important aspect is the current interest in organic farming, where use of synthetic chemicals is avoided or prohibited. An increasing percentage of the population in highly developed countries is willing to pay premium prices for food produced on soils where inorganic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals have not been used.

CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS INFLUENCE ON NEW SPRING BARLEY BREWING VARIETIES YIELDS

The effect of applying various norms of mineral fertilizers on the biological indicators of crop plants during their growth and development in the Central non-black earth region in 2017-2019 was studied on the varieties of spring barley Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir.such indicators as plant height, photosynthetic apparatus area, green mass growth, and elements of the yield structure were Studied. It was revealed that on average during the growing season, when the norms of mineral fertilizers were increased, the area of leaf plates increased and, as a result, the increase in green mass growth relative to the control variants increased by 56.3 % at (NРК)30, 82.3 % at (NРК)60, and 126.7 % at (NРК)90. The introduction of mineral fertilizers also influenced the formation of the crop structure. There was an increase in the tillering coefficient of varieties by 15.7%, 5.7 % and 21.3 % (Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir, respectively) relative to the control, an increase in the number of grains in the ear from 15.1 to 22.4 PCs., the weight of 1000 grains from 48.0 to 55.7 g. and the weight of grain per ear from 0.7 to 1.2 g. There was a strong correlation between the doses of mineral fertilizers and the grain yield from + 0.80 to +1.0, and the variability was calculated.