Introduction Of Innovations Research Articles

Financial Stability and Innovation: Interconnection and Development Prospects

The development of the modern sphere of technologies ensures active implementation of various types of innovations in the activities of modern companies. If innovations are rationally planned, they can have a positive impact on the financial stability of business and the economy as a whole. At the same time, Ukrainian innovation activity has a huge unrealised potential, which can be realised under more favourable external conditions and high-quality planning of the specifics of innovation implementation. The purpose of the study is to summarise approaches to determining the relationship between innovation and financial stability of modern business. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve a number of urgent tasks, in particular: to determine the scale of innovation activity of modern business in the world and in Ukraine; to outline the key tasks that can be solved by innovative tools if they are implemented in business activities; to specify the directions of ensuring financial stability through the introduction of innovations. The research was based on an in-depth review of more than 50 scientific sources, including articles indexed in leading scientometric databases. The study found that the global innovation market is at the stage of active development, while Ukrainian enterprises are not currently realising their full innovation potential due to unfavourable environmental conditions. The study also identifies the tasks that can be solved by innovative tools, provided they are implemented in business activities. It is determined that the application of digital marketing tools and the use of social networks to promote products allow expanding the audience, which can have a positive impact on the development of the financial stability system. Working with data, planning, and processing data using the latest technologies can also have a positive impact on financial stability. A separate link is the optimisation of business processes (financial, production, procurement, etc.) using the latest information management tools (artificial intelligence, big data, cloud technologies), which can improve the information component of financial stability.

SOME ASPECTS OF STIMULATING THE INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF SERVICE SECTOR ENTERPRISES

The article examines the main concepts of innovation and innovative activity for modern enterprises. In order to work effectively on the market, enterprises must constantly monitor innovations, adapt to the ever-changing realities of the market in a timely manner. In the course of the study, the criteria for assessing the ability of enterprises to develop were analyzed, the rating of the best countries according to the world creativity index and the rating of Ukraine in the Global Innovation Index were presented. It was found that the introduction of innovations has a positive effect on the development of enterprises and the improvement of their economic indicators in the modern economy. Modern enterprises strive to obtain the status of innovative, ready to implement changes, and their survival depends, in particular, on their openness to the introduction of innovations. This is explained by the fact that the avoidance of innovation will lead to the deterioration of competitiveness. In the course of the study, it was found that Ukraine has better results in innovative activities than innovative contributions. It also produces more innovative products compared to the level of innovative investments. In relation to GDP, the level of development of Ukraine exceeds expectations. It was also determined that Ukraine's indicators are above the average level for the income group below the average in terms of knowledge and technology, creative results, business complexity, human capital and research, infrastructure. To achieve the best results, companies in the service sector should pay special attention to the process of stimulating the innovative activity of personnel. To increase innovative activity, enterprise management should attract personnel with flexible thinking, who find it difficult to realize their intellectual resources within traditional bureaucratized enterprises. The article provides examples of strategies that can be used by enterprise managers to stimulate and develop the innovative activities of personnel. The results of the study indicate a close relationship between the economic indicators of the enterprise and the stimulation of personnel to innovative activities.

The Use of Strategic Planning Tools for Diversification of Highly-Technological Enterprises in Russian Industry

In times of globalization, national economy reforming and intensification of integration processes the level of competitiveness of industrial enterprises is estimated by many factors, the key of them is innovation activity. Due to innovation the business entity has got an opportunity to strengthen its market positions, improve figures of economic efficiency and create big added value. At the same time results of innovation activity shall target at production and economic work of industrial enterprises and foster supply of new highly-technological goods and services to market, which can be provided by strategic planning. The efficiency of its implementation promotes successful introduction of innovation on market and obtaining sustainable competitive advantages. The author analyzed and studied challenges of strategic planning of innovation development and put forward methods of elaborating the system of strategic planning for diversification of highly-technological enterprises of Russian economy.

Применение инновационных технологий в настольном теннисе и влияние их на подготовку студентов-спортсменов

The introduction of innovative approaches in the last decade has taken on a new form and character. Analyzing various methods of innovative development in sports and its impact on sports results, as a factor that improves the effectiveness of the educational and training process in the preparation of athletes of various qualifications and their physical fitness, it can be confidently noted that it is necessary to choose the right innovative path of development in health-saving technologies. Introduction of innovations in table tennis as one of the areas of innovation, through the use of new materials for the manufacture of playing and training uniforms, equipment, floor coverings in halls and the use of various robots in the educational and training process leads to an increase in students’ athletic skills and an improvement in the effectiveness of the training process.

Modern trends in physics education in Ukraine: integration of technologies and methods to increase effectiveness

The importance of the development of physical education cannot be doubted, since it is the key to the health of the nation and the building of a harmonious society as a whole. Modern realities of life in Ukraine, unfortunately, require not only the appropriate level of education, but also the consideration of additional negative factors affecting a person, his opportunities and needs. The main problems concern the general decrease in the physical activity of education applicants, the forced distance learning format, the lack of conditions for full-time physical education and sports. Nevertheless, this should not affect the quality and efficiency of education, which has caused attention to innovative technologies and approaches in education. There is an urgent need to develop educational and methodological support that will take into account the conditions of obtaining education, possible health risks for their maximum prevention, the potential of innovative technologies when mastering the discipline, the modern domestic experience of introducing new methods of training and directed physical development. The purpose of the article is to systematize innovations in the field of physical education in Ukraine to increase its effectiveness. The following general features of the development of physical culture in Ukraine were determined: striving for a healthy lifestyle and self-improvement among young people; craving for non-traditional sports; the desire to get certain results in sports, that is, persistent internal motivation. All this must be taken into account when drawing up educational and training programs that can really contribute to the development of physical capabilities, the identification of interest in various sports and physical activities, depending on the preferences and level of training, the state of health of the applicants for education. Innovative practices in the field of physical education must take into account the conditions of obtaining education. Therefore, innovations with the use of modern communication technologies, which allow to study independently, while receiving full informational support and control of the teacher, additional motivation from his side, are relevant at the moment. The emphasis in the methodology of theoretical training has shifted towards taking into account the possible risks of injury when performing exercises. This is mainly due to the distance learning format. It is important to provide applicants with all the information about the technique of performing exercises, possible mistakes and their consequences, to foster a responsible attitude to the training process. The introduction of modern communicative practices will contribute to encouraging students to physical development, a healthy lifestyle, independent additional classes, will allow you to correctly choose an interesting, necessary and affordable physical activity for yourself. Further development of this topic can be a detailed study of the methods of organizing the educational process taking into account the peculiarities of the introduction of innovations. The practical development of the experience will be the implementation of the formed programs and the determination of their effectiveness.

THE EFFICACY OF PAN AFRICA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY TRANSFORMATIVE SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAM ON THE TEACHER’S MORAL AND SOCIAL LIFE

Nearly every civilization has faced a plethora of moral issues since the introduction of contemporary innovations, including violence, drug misuse, nepotism, thievery, corruption, immorality, and sexual abuse. The old institutions that formerly taught social cohesion, morality, and the meaning of life have been eroded and are no longer helpful. This study argues that Sunday school, which Robert Raikes founded in the eighteenth century, remains essential for teaching morality to the next generation. It examines how Pan Africa Christian University's training program aligns with Sunday school teachers’ understanding of contemporary Christianity, at Christ Is The Answer Ministries in Kapsabet, Nandi County. The study employed a convergent parallel mixed-method research design. The target population was 135 participants, including trained teachers, church leaders and parents with children in Sunday school. The study findings indicated a statistically positive and significant relationship between the Transformational Leadership Training Program and Teachers’ moral life at (r=0.519**; p<0.05). The study findings also revealed a statistically significant relationship between the Transformational Leadership Training Program and Teachers’ social lifestyle at (r=0.509**; p<0.05). The study findings confirmed that the said church leaders’ training program effectively equips and trains Sunday school teachers to nurture children holistically.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0087/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Current state and prospects for the development of agriculture in the Vinnytsia region

The agriculture of the Vinnytsia region plays an important role in the economy of this region, ensuring food security, employment stability and socio-economic development. The study aims to analyse the current state and peculiarities of the functioning of agriculture in the Vinnytsia region, as well as to identify prospects for the development of this sector of the region's economy. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: abstract logikal, system-structural, method of analysis and comparison, economic-statistical, tabular, graphical and other methods. The study analyses current trends in agricultural development, covering information up to 2022, as there are currently no official statistics for 2023. It is established that 2022 was a difficult year for the country, as evidenced by the decline in plant production in the region from 2018 to 2022, but at the same time, there was a certain increase in the production of animal products. The study examines the structure of production and efficiency indicators of agriculture, which indicate both positive and negative trends. In particular, the positive side of the dynamics is the increase in the number of agricultural enterprises and the stability of the region's share in the national agricultural production. However, negative trends include a decline in production, a decrease in the profitability of operating activities and other indicators that reflect the impact of economic and technological factors on the industry. The study noted that proper use of fertilisers is essential for increasing land productivity. Several challenges that limit the productivity and sustainability of agricultural development in the region were identified. Climatic conditions, such as temperature and precipitation, environmental, economic and social problems that require an integrated approach to address them. The article substantiates the prospects for agricultural development, namely: optimisation of land use, introduction of modern technologies, support for agriculture and stimulation of ecological agricultural production. Examples of the introduction of modern technologies and innovations in the region's agriculture, including the cultivation of products without the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, and the use of precision farming and biogas projects, are considered. Initiatives and programmes to support small and medium-sized enterprises and organic agriculture are also highlighted. These aspects can be used to create development strategies and make informed decisions.

Trends and policy analysis: A case for sustainable transport systems in India

In this article, we analyse India's transport sector policy. The study examines the two important modes of transport, viz., road and rail, and analyses the efficiency of transport infrastructure from 2011 to 2019. Through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we evaluate modes in terms of the capacity of registered road goods vehicles and railway goods wagons, truck km/train km and energy consumption and corresponding freight traffic. The analysis gives valuable insight into the fact that rail infrastructure is more efficient than road infrastructure. Still, current transport sector policies promote energy-intensive carbon-fuel road vehicles rather than energy-efficient alternative transport modes. The study suggests the changes that may be incorporated in inputs to improve the efficiency of the road infrastructure. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)-Malmquist Index analysis reports the need for total factor productivity improvement in rail transport and the introduction of technological innovations in road and rail transport sector management. The study employs a well-to-wheel (WTW) based index to ascertain the energy consumed and pollutants emitted by freight-carrying road and rail modes between two leading business hubs of India, i.e., Ludhiana and Mumbai. The paper identifies policy gaps and suggests a holistic approach for need-based roadway investment and a time-bound development of railway infrastructure in India. Our study generates valuable implications for India's policy planners and government authorities and provides new insights to other countries.

A stereovision-based efficient measurement approach for surface flatness of concrete members

The surface flatness of concrete members is an important quality characteristic of buildings and civil infrastructure. Existing measurement methods such as the straightedge method, F-numbers method, and laser scanning method have various limitations such as inefficiency in engineering practices, low accuracy, and high costs. Therefore, this paper presents a novel stereovision-based system comprising two industrial cameras and one projector alongside optimized algorithms to efficiently measure the surface flatness of concrete member. The proposed system is highlighted by effective feature point extraction and matching algorithms, the innovative introduction of feature point extraction error to system measurement error evaluation, and enriched flatness indicators to comprehensively assess surface flatness of concrete members. The outputs of the system, namely, the contour maps as visual demonstrations and the flatness indicator results, can collectively reflect various roughness conditions with high speed and precision. Experiments at multiple levels have validated the proposed algorithms and measurement system, showing that it is capable for providing fast and accurate measures for the surface flatness of concrete members. Further research and developments are sought in system optimization and expanding its applications to other structural members and engineering practices.

The activities of the land management commissions of the Kaluga province on the introduction of agricultural innovations during the Stolypin transformations

The article is devoted to the issues of the activities of land management commissions for the dissemination of agricultural innovations in the local village during the Stolypin transformations. For the first time in Russian historiography, the author set the task of analyzing this problem on the example of the Kaluga province. The source base of the research consists of archival documents introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, submitted by the personal files of employees of land management commissions, as well as published materials of various origins (normative acts, reference and statistical publications, materials of the central and local periodicals). The author studies the main directions of land management agronomic assistance to individual households in the region, provides statistical data on the results of this work. It was found that as the local farms in the Kaluga province grew, the scale of agronomic assistance provided to them and the volume of its financing increased. The study focuses on the professional activities of a number of employees of the land management agronomic staff, emphasizing their personal contribution to the development of agronomic education of the rural population. It also turned out that some factors related to the organization of labor of specialists had a negative impact on land management agronomy (frequent turnover of agronomists, their shortage, etc.) Nevertheless, it can be confidently stated that by the beginning of 1914, state-owned agronomic assistance in the region acquired the characteristic features of comprehensive services for individual households, i. e. it was aimed at the development of basic branches of the local peasant economy. The progressive development of land management agronomy was interrupted by the outbreak of the First World War. The materials and conclusions of the study can be used in the preparation of lecture courses, practical exercises, writing textbooks, etc. Статья посвящена вопросам деятельности землеустроительных комиссий по распространению агрокультурных новаций в местной деревне в период столыпинских преобразований. Автор впервые в отечественной историографии поставил задачу проанализировать эту проблематику на примере Калужской губернии. Источниковая база исследования состоит из впервые введенных в научный оборот архивных документов, представленных личными делами служащих землеустроительных комиссий, а также опубликованных материалов различного происхождения (нормативные акты, справочные и статистические издания, материалы центральной и местной периодической печати). Автор изучает основные направления землеустроительной агрономической помощи единоличным домохозяйствам в регионе, приводятся статистические данные о результатах этой работы. Установлено, что по мере роста участковых хозяйств в Калужской губернии увеличивался масштаб оказываемой им агрономической помощи, объемы ее финансирования. В исследовании уделено внимание профессиональной деятельности ряда служащих землеустроительного агрономического персонала, подчеркивается их личный вклад в развитие агрономического просвещения сельского населения. Выяснялось также, что негативное влияние на землеустроительную агрономию оказывали некоторые факторы, связанные с организацией труда специалистов (частая сменяемость агрономов, их нехватка и пр.) Тем не менее можно уверенно утверждать, что к началу 1914 г. казенная агрономическая помощь в регионе приобрела характерные черты комплексного обслуживания единоличных домохозяйств, т. е. была нацелена на развитие основных отраслей местного крестьянского хозяйства. Поступательное развитие землеустроительной агрономии было прервано начавшейся Первой мировой войной. Материалы и выводы исследования могут быть использованы при подготовке лекционных курсов, проведении практических занятий, написании учебных пособий и т. д.

Playing the political game of innovation: An integrative framework and future research directions

AbstractInnovation politics impact the development and introduction of innovations, yet knowledge about the influence of specific political behavior or behavioral patterns remains blurred. Based on a literature review and the articles in this Special Issue, we propose a three‐part framework that identifies the building blocks of political behavior in innovation: what motivates actors to be political, the different types of political actors, and the effect of various political behaviors on innovation outcomes. Emphasizing the evolving landscape of innovation politics, the framework aims to highlight research gaps and guide future studies toward improving our understanding of the functional and dysfunctional aspects of innovation politics.

Digitalization from the Perspective of the Regional Community

Relevance. Currently, digitalization processes and the introduction of new technological innovations in Russian society lead to a restructuring of not only economic but also social relations, thereby predetermining both new opportunities and new risks. However, the degree of influence of these risks on individuals and society, their positive and negative effects in the scientific community have not yet been sufficiently formulated.The purpose is to identify the attitude of the regional population towards the digitalization of society and risk factors associated with the introduction of digital technologies into the life of society.Objectives: to analyze the manifestation of the digitalization process and its risks in the perception of the regional community; explore the degree of influence of digitalization risks on the life of society.Methodology. The study uses general scientific methods of cognition of social phenomena: structural-logical analysis and methods of theoretical generalization ‒ to clarify concepts and construct research conclusions; sociological methods for obtaining empirical data.Results. The population of the regional community has an understanding of the digital society, digitalization processes and various manifestations of risks in the digital society. Transformations in the digital sphere can bring catastrophically large-scale changes in society, and can transform not only the surrounding reality, but the person himself and the world around him.Conclusions. In modern digital society, the probabilistic manifestation of risks is not fully identified and their impact on the life of society is not assessed. Digitalization should be aimed at creating advantages (conveniences) in various aspects of everyday life and providing every citizen with equal opportunities to access services, information and knowledge provided on the basis of information and communication technologies.

АНАЛИЗ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ТРАДИЦИОННОГО АЛГОРИТМА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ РИСКОВ В ТРАНСГУМАНИСТИЧЕСКОЙ КОНЦЕПЦИИ

The research presented in the article is aimed at finding an intermediate approach that provides solutions related to the introduction of innovations offered by transhumanists. In connection with evolutionary anthropology, transhumanism supports technological development as a continuation of biological evolution. For transhumanists, the exponential growth of technology becomes an indispensable condition for the improvement of society, which, having reached a state beyond biology, will shape a new future for humanity: postbiological. The authors explore the possibility of predicting transhumanistic risks using integrated tools, taking into account the ethical component.

Digital Innovations in the System of Public Administration

The relevance of the study is due to the need for in-depth digitalization of the public administration system in Russia based on the introduction of digital innovations.The purpose of the study is to study the features of the Russian public administration system in the implementation of digital innovations, to determine its existing limitations, as well as to substantiate the possibilities of its prospective digital development. The objectives of the study are to assess the state of the Russian public administration system by the level of implementation of digital innovations, to identify existing limitations of the introduction of digital innovations into the public administration system, as well as to search for measures that contribute to the further digital development of the public administration system in Russia.Methodology. The research is based on the use of the method of theoretical analysis, data systematization, economic analysis, graphical method, logical method, as well as analysis and synthesis.Results. The trends in the development of digital innovations that contribute to optimizing the activities of civil servants and ensuring interdepartmental interaction are studied. The problems of the development of digital innovations in the system of public online services for the population and enterprises are identified. The analysis of the state's ongoing measures to introduce digital innovations to improve the open data infrastructure of the sphere of public authority within the framework of the development of the innovative ecosystem of the state is carried out.Conclusions. A high level of formation of the basic conditions for the introduction of digital innovations in the public administration system has been revealed. The positive dynamics of growth in the volume of public online services received by the population and enterprises has been established. The limitations of the introduction of digital innovations in terms of the formation of the open data portal of the public administration system are revealed. Recommendations on optimizing the implementation of digital innovations in all areas of public administration functioning under study are presented.

Study on the Heterogeneity and Regulatory Effects of Financial Development and Technological Innovation on Carbon Emission Reduction

Based on provincial panel data from 2008 to 2017 as the research sample in China, this study examines the impact of financial development on carbon emissions. Regression models are employed to estimate the influence of financial development on carbon emissions in different regions. The research reveals that the level of carbon emissions is influenced by differentiation and heterogeneity, with different regions showing varying sensitivities to factors such as financial development, technological innovation, and industrial structure. Financial efficiency has a negative impact on carbon emissions, being positive in regions with low carbon emissions. In areas with higher carbon emissions, the impact of financial efficiency on carbon emissions is greater. Industrial structure has a negative impact on carbon emissions, and in regions with lower carbon emissions, the upgrading of industrial structure has a greater impact on carbon reduction. Technological innovation has a negative impact on carbon emissions in regions with medium to high levels of emissions, while its impact in low-emission areas is positive but not significant. Per capita GDP, energy structure, and urbanization level overall have a positive impact, while foreign investment has a negative impact. The introduction of technological innovation as a moderating variable significantly enhances the significance level of financial efficiency.

The Impact of Technical Innovations and Donor-Site Mesh Repair on Autologous Abdominal-Based Breast Reconstruction-A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the potential benefit that may be achieved through the introduction of technical innovations and the incorporation of mesh for fascial donor site closure in uni- and bilateral autologous breast reconstruction with abdominal tissue. Methods: A retrospective single-center review of all breast reconstructions with a DIEP or MS-TRAM flap between January 2004 and December 2019 was performed. Donor and recipient site complications and operation times were evaluated before and after the implementation of coupler anastomoses, preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA), indocyanine green (ICG) angiography, and the inclusion of mesh in donor site repair. Results: A total of 396 patients were included, accounting for 447 flaps. Operation time was significantly shorter in unilateral reconstructions after the implementation of CTA (p < 0.0001). ICG angiography significantly reduced the rates of partial flap loss (p = 0.02) and wound healing disorders (p = 0.02). For unilateral reconstructions, abdominal bulging or hernia was observed more often in MS1-TRAM flaps without synthetic mesh repair (p = 0.001), whereas conservatively treated seroma developed more frequently after mesh implantation (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Recent technological advancements developed over the past few decades have made a substantial impact on decreasing surgical duration and enhancing procedure safety.

CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHMS OF ACTION IN THE PRACTICE OF A DOCTOR OF GENERAL PRACTICE – FAMILY MEDICINE DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM IN CHILDREN

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the presence of markers of pathological changes in the urinary system lasting more than 12 weeks, regardless of their cause. The number of cases in children with diseases of the urinary system has documented confi rmed chronic kidney disease according to the implemented regional registry of patients with CKD, but its signifi cant spread is observed. Early manifestations of CKD are often underestimated and not treated in time. CKD and chronic renal failure are not a narrowly defi ned nephrological problem. Nowadays, military aggression and the consequences of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), which led to the destruction of standard ways (patient clinical routes) in the provision of medical care, the issue of providing medical care to children on the basis of evidence- based and personalized medicine is of particular relevance in Ukraine, which, according to the WHO strategy, should meet the needs and be safe,eff ective, timely and of appropriate quality. The introduction of innovations in pediatric practice in terms of standardization of medical care helps the physician to act eff ectively in specifi c clinical situations, avoiding ineff ective actions. Involvement of specialists of other specialties (general practitioners- family medicine, endocrinologists, urologists, cardiologists, pediatricians, ophthalmologists) in the management of CKD without coordination of cooperation to ensure the principle of continuity complicates the diagnostic and/or therapeutic support of the patient. Early diagnosis, proper management tactics of pediatric patients with diseases of the urinary system at the outpatient stage is an important component in the provision of integrated, patient- oriented medical care in the practice of a general practitioner- family medicine. The article highlights the clinical and diagnostic algorithms of action of a general practitioner- family medicine regarding the tactics ofmanagement of pediatric patients with the most common nephrological symptoms: leukocyturia (bacteriuria), proteinuria and erythrocyturia. The scientifi c research was carried out within the framework of the Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology and Perinatal Medicine of the Bukovinian State Medical University. The research topics included: Research project on «Chronobiological and adaptive aspects and features of autonomic regulation in pathological conditions in children of diff erent age groups» (State registration number: 0122U002245, duration: 01.01.2022-31.12.2026).

Implementation of the emerging and disruptive technologies as the key to technological superiority in modern warfare

The relevance of article is due to the fact that in the conditions of confrontation between countries different in terms of resources, strength of the army and number of weapons, military superiority over the enemy are achieved by using asymmetric and hybrid actions with using innovative high-tech weapons and C4ISR. The search for innovative approaches to the management of troops, new methods of using both traditional types of weapons and new ones created onunconventional physical principles, the introduction of the emerging technologies is an urgent need for the development of the Ukraine defense capabilities - the key to technological superiority in modern warfare. Today, most of the developed countries pay considerable attention to scientific research on the emerging and disruptive technologies, strive to maintain advantages in this field. Based on this, the research of promising scientific and technical trends and determining the potential of their application in military affairs is an important scientific and practical tasks that must be solved. The leading approach to solving this problematic issue is the use of the results of the analysis of scientific publications, reports of leading international security institutions, the use of statistical methods of scientometric and patent analysis, as well as the assessment of the level of attention or expectations. The article presents the results of a systematic analysis of existing technological trends, the most significant new and breakthrough technologies, as well as an assessment of their impact on the sphere of security and defense. A certain author's view on the possibilities of using such technologies is offered. The materials of the article are of practical significance for specialists who are responsible for the formation of directions of scientific and scientific-technical activity, the introduction of innovations and the emerging technologies in the activities of the defense-industrial complex.

РОЛЬ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СКЛАДОВОЇ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ КОНКУРЕНТНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА

The most significant source of the emergence and maintenance of competitive advantages of the enterprise is the use of updated scientific and technical products, which are the result of scientific, engineering, technological and intellectual activities of leading specialists. High competitiveness provides opportunities to earn profits sufficient to interest investors for further cooperation, which will ensure stable development of the enterprise. Thus, under the conditions of a dynamic competitive environment, the introduction of innovations is a necessary condition for maintaining high competitive positions of the enterprise. Based on the theory of "innovative development" developed by J. Schumpeter, the main emphasis in the article is on the need to introduce innovations into the production process, as an integral component of ensuring competitiveness on the market of the business entity. Thus, the modern market needs the active development of innovations materialized in updated technologies, products, organizational and management solutions. Innovative activity has several specific features: increased risk, unpredictability of results, delayed effectiveness (longterm nature of obtaining results), and at the same time, the potential for obtaining high profits. The formation of the company's innovative potential, as well as its implementation, is determined, to a greater extent, by the continuous interaction of a complex of factors and conditions that accelerate the innovation process, from the results of scientific research to the introduction of innovative technology, or the mass release of innovative products. The article explores such important categories as "innovation", "novation", "discovery", "invention" and "innovation" and outlines the clear differences between them. Different approaches of scientists to the category "innovative potential" are characterized. The choice of the most optimal method of assessing the innovation potential is of great importance, since such an indicator demonstrates the readiness of the enterprise to create an innovative product in the form of a scientific and technical sample and its use in practice, and also helps to assess how much the implementation of the innovation is economically justified. The methods of assessment of innovation potential proposed by various scientists, which are most widely used in practice, are considered.

The concept of transition to a green economy: opportunities and risks

The aim of the paper is to analyze the concept of the ,,green” economy as an important component of the sustainable development of society, including its difference from the traditional ,,brown” economy, its principles, priorities and strategy - ensuring ,,green” economic growth. Research methods such as analysis (to reveal the key theoretical provisions of the concept), induction (to identify the main trends and the sequence of changes) and synthesis (to formulate conclusions) were used. The concept of a ,,green” economy is associated not only with environmental issues, but also with issues of social well-being of society, which implies an active position of the state, public organizations and cooperation between countries. The example of the countries of the European Union shows that the introduction of technological innovations, public consciousness, rational use of natural resources and resource conservation are the key to the effectiveness of the ,,green” economy. An attempt is made to determine the optimal solution to the contradiction between the simultaneous development of the ,,green” economy and economic growth.