Introduction Of Antituberculosis Drugs Research Articles

The effect of food intake on the tolerance of mono- and combined anti-tb drugs in a toxicological experiment

The experiments revealed a decrease in the toxic effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs when taking drugs after eating. The introduction of ethambutol before meals reduced its toxicity and increased the life expectancy of rats when ethambutol was administered in combination with isoniazid. With the introduction of anti-tuberculosis drugs after a meal in well-fed rats, an increase in the average life expectancy was revealed only with the introduction of ethambutol and combined anti-TB drugs.

Comparative effectiveness of Molixan and Glutoxim in the model of toxic liver lesions with anti-tuberculosis drugs

Due to the high frequency of liver lesions caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs, the possibility of using compounds based on oxidized glutathione for hepatoprotection is shown.
 Purposes and tasks. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the hepatoprotective properties of molixan and glutoxim in liver lesions with anti-tuberculosis drugs. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to perform the following tasks: on the model of toxic liver damage caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide) to study the effectiveness of glutoxin and molixan by biochemical and morphological parameters; on the basis of the data to determine the most effective scheme of application.
 Materials and methods: the study was conducted on 90 white male not inbred rats. Antituberculosis drugs (AD) were administered to animals daily for 14 days in the following doses: isoniazid – 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal, rifampicin – 250 mg/kg and pyrazinamide – 45 mg/kg intragastrically. Glutoxim and molixan were administered daily for 14 days at doses: 20 and 40 mg/kg – glutoxim, 30 mg/kg – molixan, intraperitoneal for 2 hours before the introduction of anti-tuberculosis drugs. The animals were divided into 5 groups of 18 rats each. Group 1 – intact animals, 2 – control AD, 3 – AD + glutoxim 20 mg/kg, 4 – AD + glutoxim 40 mg/kg, 5 – AD + molixan 30 mg/kg. In the study on day 15, biochemical parameters of blood were determined, the liver was taken for morphohistological study and the level of LPO in its homogenates was determined by the concentration of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde.
 Results and conclusions. As a result of the experimental study, it was noted that the more pronounced hepatoprotective effect was exerted by molixan.

Treating tuberculosis as a social disease

In 1882, when Robert Koch announced that he had isolated the tubercle bacillus, he ushered in an era focusing on the microbe as the agent of tuberculosis. Despite this paradigm, the germ theory of disease, some viewed the disease in a broader context. One notable fi gure was Rene Dubos (1901–82) who, despite being a microbiologist by training, wrote that tuberculosis “is a social disease...its understanding demands that the impact of social and economic factors on the individual be considered as much as the mechanisms by which tubercle bacilli cause damage to the human body”. Recent epidemiological research reiterates Dubos’ assertion. In March, 2014, Gerard de Vries and colleagues reported the results of their cross-sectional survey, conducted in 2009 in 54 European big cities (defi ned as municipalities with more than 500 000 residents). As part of the Tuberculosis in European Union Big Cities Working Group, they used data from WHO national tuberculosis programmes in order to compare city-level data with national incidence estimates. They found that, even in countries with low annual incidence (fewer than 20 cases notifi ed per 100 000 people), tuberculosis had converged in cities—27·0% of cases lived in big cities, where only 12·8% of the general population resided.3 de Vries and colleagues further showed that within cities notifi cation rates diff ered drastically, concentrating in areas where homelessness, poverty, migrants, overcrowding, and substance misuse were more common. As an example they highlighted London, UK, where annual rates per 100 000 people diff ered more than fourfold between boroughs, from fewer than 20 cases to over 80 cases.3 Concurrently, the working group also published a consensus statement on tuberculosis control in European big cities. Based on a conceptual model that recognises the social, political, legal, cultural, and economic determinants of tuberculosis, many of their 32 recommendations involve tailoring interventions for urban risk groups. In the UK, which has the highest tuberculosis rates in western Europe,5 addressing these social determinants of health is a focus of Public Health England’s collaborative 6 tuberculosis strategy for 2014–19. The strategy states that “tackling TB requires the co-ordinated action of many partners, working together across local authority and NHS boundaries”. One of these crucial partners, as the working group notes, could be “link workers” who integrate health and social care by resolving issues such as housing, welfare benefi ts, and immigration, together with clinical management issues. As the history of tuberculosis shows, only through such an integrated eff ort can we address the biosocial determinants of tuberculosis. In the decades between Koch’s pronouncement and the introduction of antituberculosis drugs, tuberculosis mortality rates fell in the industrialised world. As Dubos recognised, this decline was largely due to social measures that improved overall living standards,1 demonstrating that, although tuberculosis is an infectious disease, it is also—and remains to this day—a biological expression of social inequality.

Primary Laryngeal Tuberculosis Presenting as a Laryngeal Carcinoma

th century before the introduction of antituberculosis drugs. Nowadays laryngeal tuberculosis accounts for less than 1% of tuberculosis cases [2]. The route of infection has also been changed. In the past, the laryngeal mucosa had been infected via contaminated sputum of severe pulmonary tuberculosis cases [3]. Today it’s more commonly seen in patients without any sign of pulmonary involvement. In these cases hematogenous or lymphatic spread rather than direct inoculation has been asserted as the main mechanism [4]. We report a case of laryngeal tuberculosis which underwent a laryngeal biopsy with a prediagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma.