Guidewire Research Articles

Guide Wire Stimulation During Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation-Induced Cardiac Arrest in a Patient With Preexisting Left Bundle Branch Block: A Case Report

Guide Wire Stimulation During Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation-Induced Cardiac Arrest in a Patient With Preexisting Left Bundle Branch Block: A Case Report

Endovascular Simulator Training and Shadowing in Interventional Radiology: A Comparison of Two Teaching Methods in the Curricular Training of Medical Students.

To identify the impact of endovascular simulator training and shadowing in interventional radiology on medical students' self-assessed IR knowledge. Moreover, the sequence of the teaching methods and its influence on the self-assessed IR knowledge is investigated. A total of 19 fourth-year medical students participated in this study. Eleven students completed shadowing live cases first and endovascular simulator training the following day. Eight students completed the teaching in reversed order. Questionnaires were completed before and after each teaching method. The students assessed their knowledge of instruments and materials, steps of the Seldinger technique, and aortography on a Likert scale (1 = "I do not agree at all," 5 = "I fully agree"). After simulator training, the students stated a significant increase in perceived knowledge compared with baseline (p < 0.001). Shadowing led to a significant improvement regarding the items "knowledge of instruments and materials" (3.2 vs. 3.8, p = 0.008) and "steps of the Seldinger technique" (3.7 vs. 3.9, p = 0.046). Self-assessed knowledge after simulator training increased significantly more regarding Seldinger technique compared with shadowing (+ 1.2 vs. + 0.2, p < 0.001). Simulator training before shadowing was significantly more effective regarding the increase in "knowledge of the steps of aortography" compared with the reverse sequence (+ 2.0 vs. + 0.9, p = 0.041). Endovascular simulator training and shadowing are both feasible tools to improve medical students' perceived knowledge of interventional radiology. When organizing teaching, simulator training before shadowing can have a positive impact on self-assessed knowledge.

Arthroscopic Pincer Resection Utilizing an Outside-In Approach for Intra-articular Access

In the standard approach to hip arthroscopy, access to the joint is achieved using fluoroscopic guidance to enter the central compartment of the hip using the Seldinger technique, penetrating the capsule with a needle and subsequently cannulating and obtaining direct visualization of the joint. In such a way, arthroscopists then proceed with accessory portal creation and capsulotomy, as desired, under direct intra-articular visualization. In cases with severe pincer morphology or coxa profunda, it may not be possible to safely access the central compartment under fluoroscopic guidance due to significant lateral overcoverage of the femoral head. We present an outside-in arthroscopic approach for accessing the hip joint in such patients, allowing for safe visualization, osseous pincer resection, and improved central compartment access while minimizing the risk to cartilage and labral tissue.

Recommended recumbency to avoid insertional complications during small-bore wire-guided thoracostomy tube placement in cats—a cadaver study

BackgroundSmall-bore wire-guided thoracostomy tubes (SBWGTT) are commonly used in cats to manage pleural disease and generally have a low complication rate. Our study aimed to explore the correlation between recumbency of cats, placement method, and the occurrence of insertional complications to identify risk factors during SBWGTT placement.In this experimental cadaveric study, SBWGTT placement using a modified Seldinger technique was conducted in 24 feline cadavers. Cats, euthanized for reasons unrelated to the study, were randomly assigned to pleural effusion (EFF; n = 12) and pneumothorax (PNEU; n = 12) groups. Each cadaver was intubated and ventilated with a peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) of 10 mmHg, and sterile saline or air was instilled into the thorax over a 5 mm thoracoscopic trocar in the fourth intercostal space (ICS). Instillation was stopped when the lateral thoracic wall to lung distance (TWLD) reached 10 to 12 mm, measured with ultrasound in the favorable position. Sternal recumbency was the favorable position for the EFF group, and lateral recumbency for the PNEU group. Following the placement of the first SBWGTT in each group, the cadavers were positioned unfavorably (lateral recumbency for EFF group, sternal recumbency for PNEU group), and a second drain was introduced contralaterally. A bilateral 8th ICS thoracotomy was then performed to visually assess intrathoracic structures and drain integrity.A binary logistic regression mixed model was conducted to determine interaction between the induced condition and body position.ResultsA total of 48 SBWGTTs were placed, with complications observed in 33.3% (8/24) of cases. Five of these were major complications consisting of lung lacerations. Complications were more common in the unfavorable position, accounting for 75% of cases, although this result was not statistically significant. The odds of complication rates were > 70% in the unfavorable position and decreased with an increase in TWLD (< 30%).ConclusionComplications associated with SBWGTT placement are influenced by recumbency, although the data did not reach statistical significance. Placing cats in lateral recumbency for pneumothorax treatment and sternal recumbency for pleural effusion treatment may reduce insertional complications.

The Role of Downsizing of Large-Bore Percutaneous Femoral Access for Pelvic and Lower Limb Perfusion in Transfemoral Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair.

Background: Transfemoral access (TFA) is a valuable alternative to upper extremity access (UEA) for branched endovascular aortic repair (bEVAR). However, TFA requires large introducer sheaths, which can reduce blood flow to lower limbs and the pelvis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sheath downsizing to maintain lower limb perfusion during TFA-bEVAR. Methods: A single-center retrospective review was conducted including patients managed with TFA-performed bEVAR between December 2020 and May 2021. Intra-operative lower limb perfusion was assessed using non-invasive ankle blood pressure measurements and great toe pulse oximetry, with measurements being taken prior to puncture (baseline), one minute after 10F-sheath insertion, three minutes after the main body delivery system insertion, and three minutes after downsizing to a 14F sheath. Outcomes included the incidence of limb perfusion reduction (LPR), defined as a drop in the ankle-brachial index (ABI) < 0.5 or peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 90%. Results: Out of 47 patients, 24 met the inclusion criteria. LPR occurred in 4.2% of cases after 10F-sheath placement, and 87.5% after main body delivery system placement, and decreased to 12.6% after downsizing to a 14F sheath. No periprocedural major bleeding occurred. Two patients required revision for inadequate hemostasis post-operatively. SCI occurred in 16% of patients, all recovered by discharge. Pre-operative hypogastric artery occlusion was related to persistent LPR after downsizing (100% vs. 16%, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Downsizing the introducer sheath during bEVAR is feasible and safe to restore lower limb and pelvic perfusion. Further research is needed to clarify the access downsizing value during bEVAR.

Optimizing central venous access devices insertion in thrombocytopenic patients: Balancing efficacy and safety.

Recently, the rising incidence of trauma, cancer, and critical illnesses has led to a growing necessity for Central Venous Access Devices (CVADs). Inserting CVADs in thrombocytopenic patients is still challenging. This study tries to shed light on the safety and associated risks of CVADs insertion in this high-risk group, with the ultimate goal of informing clinical practice and aiding in decision-making processes. This study was conducted as prospective cohort study from September 2020 to September 2023 in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Individuals aged 18-80 years with a platelet count of less than 50,000/dL included and those designated for subcutaneous port procedures or on anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy, excluded. Ultrasound-guided CVAD insertion using the Seldinger technique and SIC/FIC strategies performed for participants. Incidence of hemorrhagic complications post-CVAD insertion, requirement for blood product transfusions to amend platelet counts, frequency of non-bleeding complications, and complications related to blood product transfusions monitored. The study comprised 137 participants, 54% of whom were men, with an average age of 46.90 ± 15.70 years. No significant correlation was found between the site of CVAD placement (jugular vs femoral) and the incidence of major or minor bleeding. Femoral catheters were associated with a higher rate of infection. No complications related to transfusion of blood products or mortality seen, indicating that CVAD implantation can be safely performed in patients with thrombocytopenia or coagulation disorders. CVAD insertion in thrombocytopenic patients, even with platelet counts below 10 × 109/L, is safe and associated with minimal complications when performed under ultrasound guidance by experienced surgeons. This finding supports the use of a lower platelet count threshold for CVAD insertion than currently recommended in guidelines, potentially reducing the need for platelet transfusions prior to CVAD placement.

Ultrasound Guided Internal Jugular Vein Acesss: Comparison Between Short Axis And Long Axis Technique

Abstract Background: Percutaneous techniques have transformed vascular cannulation. It has reduced the need for open procedures and the associatedwoundcomplications, but percutaneous techniques have made physicians dependent on relationships between surface anatomic landmarks and deep anatomic structures. Now, percutaneous central venous catheter insertion by physicians has a lesser complication rate. During central venous catheterization, the complications include infection, occlusion, thrombosis and mechanical complications. Aims and Objective: To relate the inner course of cannulating needle, familiarity of surface anatomic landmarks excludes the complication. Deep anatomic relationships visualization does not only improves the efficacy and safety of the procedure but also supplements the operator’s ability to identify difficult cannulations. The safety of internal jugular cannulations increases with ultrasound visualization. Central venous cathetrization (CVC) is done for hemodynamic monitoring (such as central venous pressure) long-term administration of fluids, antibiotics, total parental nutrition, and hemodialysis. Material and Methods: Most commonly, the internal jugular vein (IJV) is cannulated because of its relatively less complications and easy accessibility. Seldinger technique is used for IJV cannulation. Landmark-guided IJV cannulation is associated with a more number of complications compared to ultrasound-guided cannulation. Ultrasound-guided cannulation improves success rate, reduces the number of needle passes, and decreases complications. Two different real-time ultrasound-guided cannulations of IJV using a short axis/out-of-plane (SA) approach and a long axis/in plane (LA) approach are compared in the study. Hence, the present study was done at our tertiary care center to compare ultrasound-guided IJV access between SA and LA technique method with the number of attempts and complications. Results: It was observed in the present study that 4 (10%) patients in Long axis group had posterior wall puncture while 9 (22.5%) patients in short axis group had posterior wall puncture. Conclusion: Posterior wall puncture incidence is lesser in long axis group than short axis group.

Single-Center Experience on the Elective Hybrid Combination of Single Perclose + Angio-Seal VIP 8F Compared With Standard Dual Perclose During Percutaneous Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair.

This single-center study aimed to assess patients who underwent intentional percutaneous endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (pEVAR) with Hybrid Technique combining a single Perclose (Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois) Suture-Mediated Closure Device + single Angio-Seal VIP 8F (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) and compare outcomes with the standard Dual Perclose technique. Materials and Methods: Consecutive elective pEVAR patients treated from November 2022 to November 2023, with healthy femoral accesses and introducer sheaths ≤20 French (F) outer diameter, were included. Coin-toss randomization determined whether a combination of single Perclose Device + single Angio-Seal VIP 8F (Hybrid Technique) or the standard double Perclose Devices (Dual Perclose) was used. In Hybrid Technique, a single Perclose device was positioned at 12 o'clock; a single Angio-Seal VIP 8F was placed after sheaths removal. Dual Perclose followed standard procedure. Primary endpoints included immediate hemostasis, sheath diameter differences, access conversion rate, technical success, and cost analysis. The study involved 60 pEVAR patients (median age=78, interquartile range [IQR]=72-85 years) within the inclusion criteria. In 14 (24%) cases, only 1 femoral access was studied. There were 106 pEVAR accesses, with 58 (54.7%) in the Hybrid Technique group and 48 (45.3%) in the Dual Perclose group. Both groups exhibited homogeneity in pre-operative characteristics and sheath diameter (Hybrid Technique-16F vs Dual Perclose-18F; p=0.202). Immediate hemostasis was achieved in 100% of the Hybrid Technique group vs 87.5% for the Dual Perclose group (p=0.006). Surgical access conversion was unnecessary. Technical success was 100%, with all 6 femoral bleeding cases after Dual Perclose resolved endovascularly, using additional devices. Cost analysis showed a median cost of 330 euros (IQR=0) for the Hybrid Technique group vs 384 euros (IQR=360-456) for the Dual Perclose group (p<0.001). Thirty-day mortality was 3%, in 2 fragile patients, without access-related complications. Multivariate analysis identified Dual Perclose access (odds ratio [OR]=35.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]=18.3-36.8; p<0.001) and obesity (OR=19.7; 95% CI=1.4-23.9.5; p<0.001) as independent risk factors for immediate hemostasis failure. Median follow-up was 134 days (IQR=41-227), with 1 Hybrid Technique case (2%) successfully treated with thrombin injection for a small femoral pseudoaneurysm after 62 days. The elective Hybrid Technique with combination of single Perclose Device + single Angio-Seal VIP 8F during pEVAR in selected patients appears to be non-inferior to the standard Dual Perclose procedure. It demonstrates a positive trend in reducing immediate hemostasis failure and costs. Both procedures achieved technical success and avoiding surgical access conversions. This study introduces a novel elective hybrid technique combining a single Perclose device with a single Angio-Seal VIP 8Fr for percutaneous endovascular abdominal aortic interventions. Results for hybrid technique showed 100% technical success and efficient immediate hemostasis, while costing less than standard dual Perclose procedure. Both procedures did not require surgical conversions. Despite being a single-center study, it demonstrates potential benefits of the intentional application of this hybrid technique towards minimally invasiveness. Obesity and dual Perclose technique were identified as independent risk factors for hemostasis failure, reaffirming the hybrid technique procedure's efficacy as well as and non-inferiority to standard procedure.

Safety and Efficiency of Cephalic Vein Puncture by Modified Seldinger Technique Compared to Subclavian Vein Puncture for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices.

The establishment of venous access is one of the driving factors for complications during implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators (cardiac implantable electronic devices [CIED]). Recently, a novel approach of accessing the cephalic vein for CIED by cephalic vein puncture (CVP) using a modified Seldinger technique has been described, promising high success rates and simplified handling with steeper learning curves. In this single-center registry, we analyzed the safety and efficiency of CVP to SVP access after defining CVP as the primary access route in our center. A total of 229 consecutive patients receiving a CIED were included in the registry. Sixty-one patients were implanted by primary or bail-out SVP; 168 patients received primary cephalic preparation and CVP was performed when possible, using a hydrophilic transradial sheath. Implantation of at least one lead via CVP was successful in 151 of 168 patients (90%), and implantation of all leads was possible in 122 of 168 patients (72.6%). Total implantation times and fluoroscopy times and doses did not differ between CVP and SVP implantations. Pneumothorax occurred in 0/122 patients implanted via CVP alone, but 8/107 (7.5%) patients received at least one lead via SVP. Our data confirms high success rates of the CVP for CIED implantation. Moreover, this method can be used without significantly prolonging the total procedure time or applying fluoroscopy dose compared to the highly efficient SVP while showing lower overall complication rates.

A novel translational model of atherosclerosis, the ex vivo pump-perfused amputated human limb model

The preclinical study of atherosclerosis has traditionally centred around the use of small animal models, translating to large animal models, prior to first-in-man studies. We propose to disrupt this paradigm by designing an ex vivo pump perfused human limb model. The novel model consists of taking a freshly amputated limb and incorporating it into an ex situ pump-perfused bypass system (akin to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), circulating warmed, oxygenated blood. The circuit incorporates an introducer sheath and guiding catheter for intravascular imaging and X-ray angiography. Regular monitoring is performed using blood gas analysis, aiming for physiological parameters. The model maintains oxygen saturations > 99% for the length of perfusion (up to 6-h). Clinical grade X-ray angiography, intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography have been successfully performed. Indocyanine green, a near-infrared fluorescent dye that localises to atherosclerotic plaque, has been injected into the system and left to circulate for 90-min. Fluorescence reflectance imaging of the dissected arterial bed confirmed uptake in areas of calcific atherosclerotic plaque on intravascular imaging. This is the first demonstration of an ex vivo pump-perfused “living” limb experimental model of atherosclerosis, which shows promise for future studies in translational interventional imaging and molecular targeting.

Pericatheter Leak Associated With Earlier Peritoneal Dialysis Initiation Does Not Influence Long-Term Outcomes

Internationally, peritoneal dialysis (PD) is increasingly being commenced within 2 weeks of catheter insertion. Studies are warranted to evaluate outcomes of this strategy. This study examines outcomes of early-start PD (ESPD) and conventional-start PD (CSPD), commencing at≤14 days and >14 days after catheter insertion, respectively. All adults with kidney failure within a large metropolitan PD unit initiating PD through a new catheter, inserted using laparoscopic or modified Seldinger technique, between August 2019 and August 2022, were included in this retrospective observational study. Demographic data and episodes of infectious and mechanical complications were collected using electronic medical records. Analysis was conducted using analysis of variance and Chi-square testing. A P-value< 0.05 was significant with Bonferroni correction performed where relevant. Kaplan-Meier and competing risks analyses were performed for time to PD-related peritonitis and transfer to hemodialysis. A total of 297 patients (70% male, mean age 58.7 years) were included, with 130 (43.8%) patients undertaking ESPD. Most patients had laparoscopically inserted catheters (65.3%) and 65 patients (22.0%) received prior hemodialysis. When compared to CSPD, ESPD was associated with a higher number of pericatheter leaks (6.9% vs. 0.6%, P= 0.003), with otherwise similar complication episodes and no significant difference with respect to time to PD-related peritonitis or transfer to hemodialysis. Catheter insertion technique or prior hemodialysis treatment did not significantly influence outcomes. ESPD is associated with increased pericatheter leaks when compared to CSPD, with an otherwise similar complication profile.

Large-bore Chest Tube Insertion: Seldinger Technique over Two Guidewires.

Large-bore chest tube insertion is commonly performed using the trocar technique and blunt dissection; however, large-bore chest tube can cause severe visceral injury due to penetration, which is a life-threatening complication. Conversely, small-bore chest tubes can be safely inserted using the Seldinger technique; however, small-bore chest tubes are prone to blockage, especially in empyema cases. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate large-bore chest tube insertion using the Seldinger technique over two guidewires following image-guided puncture. We started performing large-bore chest tube insertion using the Seldinger technique over two guidewires following image-guided puncture in February 2022. Demographic data and procedural details, such as chest tube size, dilator size, procedure time, and type of image-guided puncture, of patients who underwent this procedure between February 2022 and March 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Technical success was defined as the successful drainage of the pleural cavity. This method was used for performing ten procedures in nine patients who presented with empyema, pneumothorax, and pulmonary fistula. The insertion of a large-bore chest tube with a size ranging from 18- to 24-French was successfully performed in all cases without any complications. The median procedure time was 17.5 (first quartile-third quartile, 13.5-28.0) min. Large-bore chest tube insertion using the Seldinger technique over two guidewires may be used as an alternative to conventional methods.

Simulation-Based Medical Education: 3D Printing and the Seldinger Technique

Three-dimensional (3D)-printed models with high anatomic fidelity are an increasingly viable tool in simulation-based medical education. One advantage of 3D models is they provide enhanced tactile and spatial understanding of complex anatomy to develop technical skills used in minimally invasive procedures. We propose that 3D anatomical models can improve the development of interventional radiology vascular access skills—first described in the 1950s as the Seldinger technique—for pre-clerkship medical students. The early adoption of 3D-printed technology in pre-clinical medical education can lead to improved student engagement and satisfaction when learning procedural techniques. This study involved creating a 3D model of the upper limb vasculature from an anonymized Computed tomography (CT) angiogram, using it as a medical education tool for 31 pre-clinical medical students practicing the Seldinger Technique on a prefabricated venipuncture upper limb, and assessing student satisfaction with this form of learning. Overall, attendees responded positively to the incorporation of the 3D model in medical education to improve their anatomic understanding and application of the Seldinger technique. These results indicate that the use of 3D models in simulation-based medical education can provide benefits in acquiring technical skills and the potential to decrease training costs without harming a patient.

Ablation of anomalous mitral annular pathways via transradial access: early hospital discharge due to the covid-19 pandemic

Abstract Introduction Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome arises from the conduction through accessory pathways (AP) connecting the atria and ventricles, bypassing the atrioventricular node. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of AP is the recommended treatment, often performed via transradial access. This approach is widely utilized in percutaneous coronary intervention due to its safety, effectiveness, patient preference, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity. Our study aims to present the results of AP ablation in the mitral annulus through transradial access amid the Covid-19 pandemic, marked by hospital bed scarcity and the need for early discharge. Materials and Methods Between May 2020 and December 2021, eight cases of transradial AP ablation in the mitral annulus were conducted. The service had previously achieved success in 16 transradial ablation cases. Among the eight cases during the pandemic, 62.5% were male, aged 24 to 56 years, all experiencing tachycardic palpitations and pre-syncope with a history of hospitalization. In 25% of cases, syncope episodes occurred. Patients were on propafenone, with no structural heart disease. Covid-19 tests were negative. Radial and ulnar artery perfusion integrity was assessed using the Allen maneuver and arterial Doppler. The right radial artery was used in 100% of cases. Sixty-two point five percent of accessory pathways were in anterolateral positions, and 37.5% were left posteroseptal. The approach was through the right radial artery, under local anesthesia, with venous sedation, using a 7Fr introducer sheath and positioning of the explorer catheter. Mapping was conducted during sinus rhythm, and adenosine IV tests followed ablation. The catheter was removed, and a pneumatic local dressing was applied for 2 hours, followed by a conventional dressing change for 24 hours. Results Ablation was successful in all eight patients. The procedure time ranged from 40 to 80 minutes, with an average of 55 minutes. Two to four radiofrequency applications were applied for a total of 2 minutes, using 55 W energy and a temperature of 55 to 60°C. No complications occurred during or after the procedure. Patients were discharged three hours post-intervention. Follow-up included reviews every four months, ECGs without ventricular pre-excitation, asymptomatic patients without antiarrhythmic medication, and no complications at the puncture site one year post-procedure. Conclusion Although based on a small sample of eight cases, and acknowledging the need for a larger sample to establish the procedure as an alternative, considering possible operator experience influence, we conclude that radial access proved effective and safe in this patient group. Its usage was exceptional, specifically in the context of a pandemic with crowded hospitals. Selection criteria and comparisons with other alternatives should be adopted for analyzing its potential future use.Transradial approachAblation catheter in the mitral plane

#2189 Percutaneous peritoneal dialysis catheter implantation

Abstract Background and Aims There are three main techniques to implant a peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC): percutaneously, laparoscopically or through open surgery; and current guidelines recommend individualising according to previous abdominal surgeries and anaesthetic risk. Recent metanalysis show the percutaneous technique to be safe, non-inferior in catheter survival, and with an equal incidence in mechanic complications (within &amp;lt;3 months after implantation) and infectious complications (within &amp;lt;1 month after implantation) to laparoscopic technique. On the other side, as the percutaneous PDC implantation is a minimal intervention that requires neither surgery room nor over 24h hospitalisation, it allows for a lower waiting time to PDC implantation, a shorter period until usage, and it's economically efficient. Considering these benefits and its non-inferiority described in the literature, our centre started using this technique since 2018. In this study we analyse our results. Method This is an observational retrospective unicentric study, which included the first PDC implantation in adult patients between January 2019 and August 2023, were we analysed the mechanical and infectious complications associated with the implantation technique. All PDC were double-cuff straight Tenckhoff, placed using Seldinger technique with radioscopy. A single dose of prophylactic antibiotic was used. We considered as mechanic complication all those non-infectious incidences that required repositioning or replacement of the PDC within 3 months of implantation (excluding those patients whose catheter was removed because of kidney transplantation, death by other reasons non related to the procedure, or trespass to haemodialysis); and we considered as infectious complications all those peritonitis diagnosed the first month after implantation. Results We analysed a total of 147 patients, 71.4% were male, mean age was 61 years old, and mean kidney function at implantation time was 11.5 ml/min/1.73 m2. We found a total of 8.1% of mechanical complications (33% required repositioning and 66% required replacement) and 5.4% infectious complications. There were no deaths related to percutaneous PDC technique. Conclusion In this study we observe that mechanic or infectious complications associated with percutaneous PDC technique are similar to those published in the literature: ISPD guidelines recommend the incidence of peritonitis associated to catheter implantation to be less than 5%. And though there is no clear percentage of mechanical complications that are considered acceptable or unavoidable, many studies report a survival of 76-86% PDC at 90 days of implantation in percutaneous and laparoscopic procedures, without significant differences between them.

The anesthesiologist’s guide to swine trauma physiology research: a report of two decades of experience from the experimental traumatology laboratory

PurposeSwine are one of the major animal species used in translational research, with unique advantages given the similar anatomic and physiologic characteristics as man, but the investigator needs to be familiar with important differences. This article targets clinical anesthesiologists who are proficient in human monitoring. We summarize our experience during the last two decades, with the aim to facilitate for clinical and non-clinical researchers to improve in porcine research.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of 337 swine with a mean (SD) weight 60 (4.2) kg at the Experimental Traumatology laboratory at Södersjukhuset (Stockholm south general hospital) between 2003 and 2023, including laboratory parameters and six CT-angiography examinations.ResultsSwine may be ventilated through the snout using a size 2 neonatal mask. Intubate using a 35 cm miller laryngoscope and an intubating introducer. Swine are prone to alveolar atelectasis and often require alveolar recruitment. Insert PA-catheters through a cut-down technique in the internal jugular vein, and catheters in arteries and veins using combined cut-down and Seldinger techniques. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is possible and lateral chest compressions are most effective. Swine are prone to lethal ventricular arrhythmias, which may be reversed by defibrillation. Most vital parameters are similar to man, with the exception of a higher core temperature, higher buffer bases and increased coagulation. Anesthesia methods are similar to man, but swine require five times the dose of ketamine.ConclusionSwine share anatomical and physiological features with man, which allows for seamless utilization of clinical monitoring equipment, medication, and physiological considerations.

Validation of a new technique using 4-0 nylon thread as a guide for tube insertion of the Ahmed glaucoma valve into the ciliary sulcus.

In this study, we validated the new technique for inserting the tube of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) into the ciliary sulcus. AGV tube insertion was performed by introducing a 4-0 nylon thread into the anterior chamber from the corneal incision on the opposite side of the AGV. The thread was placed in the lumen of a 23-G needle that was inserted into the sclera and ciliary sulcus from the AGV side. Withdrawing the 23-G needle, the thread was led out of the eye from the scleral wound, passing through the ciliary sulcus. The thread was then placed in the AGV tube lumen, and the tube was inserted through the scleral wound into the ciliary sulcus by using the thread as a guide, as per the Seldinger technique. In all seven eyes, the tube was precisely inserted into the ciliary sulcus without serious intraoperative complications such as vitreous straying of the tube.

Sven Ivar Seldinger (1921-1998): The Founding Father of Interventional Radiology.

Sven Ivar Seldinger, a Swedish radiologist, laid the cornerstone of modern interventional radiology in 1953 with the introduction of his innovative technique for catheter insertion. This technique, known as the Seldinger technique, represents a pivotal advancement in medical procedures, offering a safer, less invasive method for vascular access. The elegance and effectiveness of this technique not only refined angiography and other catheter-based interventions but also heralded the birth of interventional radiology as a major therapeutic specialty. This article delves into Seldinger's life, the genesis of his technique, its profound impact on medical practice, and his enduring legacy that continues to resonate across numerous medical specialties today. By pioneering minimally invasive approaches to treatment, Seldinger's innovation has significantly alleviated patient risk and discomfort, broadening the spectrum of therapeutic options available in modern medicine.

Comparing conventional and modified Seldinger techniques using a micro-insertion kit for PICC placement in neonates: a retrospective cohort study.

This study aims to assess the comparative effectiveness of a conventional splitting needle or a peelable cannula vs. the modified Seldinger technique (MST) by utilizing a dedicated micro-insertion kit across various clinically significant metrics, including insertion success, complications, and catheter-related infections. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study using an anonymized data set spanning 3 years (2017-2019) in a large tertiary-level neonatal intensive care unit in Qatar. A total of 1,445 peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion procedures were included in the analysis, of which 1,285 (89%) were successful. The primary indication for insertion was mainly determined by the planned therapy duration, with the saphenous vein being the most frequently selected blood vessel. The patients exposed to MST were generally younger (7 ± 15 days vs. 11 ± 26 days), but exhibited similar mean weights and gestational ages. Although not statistically significant, the MST demonstrated slightly higher overall and first-attempt insertion success rates compared to conventional methods (91 vs. 88%). However, patients undergoing conventional insertion techniques experienced a greater incidence of catheter-related complications (p < 0.001). There were 39 cases of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in the conventional group (3.45/1,000 catheter days) and eight cases in the MST group (1.06/1,000 catheter days), indicating a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Throughout the study period, there was a noticeable shift toward the utilization of the MST kit for PICC insertions. The study underscores the viability of MST facilitated by an all-in-one micro kit for neonatal PICC insertion. Utilized by adept and trained inserters, this approach is associated with improved first-attempt success rates, decreased catheter-related complications, and fewer incidences of CLABSI. However, while these findings are promising, it is imperative to recognize potential confounding factors. Therefore, additional prospective multicenter studies are recommended to substantiate these results and ascertain the comprehensive benefits of employing the all-in-one kit.

Percutaneous closure of aortopulmonary window in a preterm infant

ABSTRACT Aorto-pulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital heart disease. The non-restrictive types of APWs present at an early age and require early surgical correction. The transcatheter device closure in young infants pose significant challenges that include hemodynamic instability during arteriovenous loop formation and due to potential encroachment of the occlusive device on vital adjacent structures, and sizing of introducer sheaths and delivery systems. We report a successful transcatheter closure of an AP window in a 1.35 Kg preterm infant with heart failure requiring mechanical ventilation. To the best of our knowledge this is the smallest and youngest baby , wherein transcatheter device closure has been attempted for a non-restrictive aorto-pulmonary window. The procedure was done through a 4 French right femoral venous access, thus avoiding an arterial access. A 0.025 Terumo wire was maneuvered through the pulmonary artery across the APW without formation of an arteriovenous loop. The APW was successfully occluded with a Konar multi-functional device delivered via a 4-French delivery system. The baby could be successfully weaned off the ventilator and could be discharge. On 1 month follow up, baby was in good health and gaining adequate weight. Thus we conclude that careful selection of patients allows successful closure of APW, even in the smallest baby.