Intravitreal Bevacizumab Group Research Articles

Evaluation of Foveal Vasculature by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography after Pan-Retinal Photocoagulation versus Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injections.

This study aimed to compare macular vascular changes one and three months after treatment with either panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB). A total of 62 eyes with very severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy or early proliferative diabetic retinopathy without center-involved diabetic macular edema, were included in this retrospective study. Thirty-nine eyes were allocated to the PRP group, while 23 eyes were treated with IVB. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed to measure foveal avascular zone (FAZ) characteristics as well as the densities of superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP). In the IVB group, the FAZ area and perimeter expanded at month one but returned to baseline level after three months. In the PRP group, however, the FAZ area and perimeter were rather steady. Changes in the FAZ area were significantly different between the treatment groups at month one (P = 0.02), but not at month three (P = 0.31). There was no significant difference in the change in FAZ circularity index between the two groups at each time point (P = 0.55 and P = 0.31). Similarly, changes in SCP density were not statistically significant between the two groups at both time points (all Ps 0.05). A comparison of the two treatment arms based on the mean change in DCP density revealed a significant difference at month one, but not at month three (P = 0.01 and P = 0.49, respectively). Although bevacizumab and PRP have different short-term macular vascular responses, both therapies have the ability to normalize or stabilize vascular measures over time.

Comparison of Single-Treatment Efficacy of Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of blindness in infants. Appropriate therapeutic intervention is essential because retinal detachment due to the progression of ROP is critical to visual function. The intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents has been increasingly applied to inhibit the development and progression of ROP. In this study, we compared the efficacy of single intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and ranibizumab (IVR) injections for the treatment of ROP. A total of 39 eyes in 21 patients with severe ROP and IVB (15 eyes of 8 patients) and IVR (24 eyes of 13 patients) were retrospectively reviewed. Patient background, the severity of ROP, and the percentage of cases in which ROP regressed without additional treatment were compared between the two groups. Patient background and ROP severity were not significantly different between the two groups. Recurrence was observed in one eye of one patient in the IVB group, and thirteen eyes in seven patients in the IVR group required additional laser photocoagulation, which was significantly different in the two groups (p < 0.01, Fisher's exact test). In the IVR group, two eyes of two patients underwent vitreous surgery. Compared with IVR, IVB is likely to control the severity of ROP with a single treatment.

Bevacizumab vs Ranibizumab in Macular Edema due to Retinal Vein Occlusion: Short-term Outcomes

Introduction &amp; ObjectivesBevacizumab or Ranibizumab was widely used as therapy for macular edema (ME) in retinal veinocclusion (RVO) and diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to comparing short-termoutcomes for patients who received intravitreal Bevacizumab (IVB) injection or Ranibizumab (IVR)for ME due to RVO&#x0D; MethodsThis was observational, cross sectional study comparing patients received IVB or IVR. Primaryoutcomes data (visual acuity and central macular thickness/CMT) and secondary outcomes data(number injection and intra ocular pressure/IOP) were collected at baseline and 3 months afterinjection&#x0D; ResultsThere were 4 eyes in each group. There were no significant difference in mean change of visualacuity (-0.275±0.25 vs -0.15±0.5 logMAR; p=0.676) and CMT (-171.50±129.08 vs -98.25±37.67 um;p=0.345) in IVB vs IVR groups. There were also no significant difference in mean change of IOP(2±2.16 vs 2±4.69 mmHg; p=1) and number of injection (2.25±0.50 vs 1.75±0.9; p=0.401 ) in bothgroups.&#x0D; ConclusionIn short-term both IVB and IVB have relative similar outcomes on increasing visual acuity anddecreasing CMT in ME due to RVO

Trabeculectomy with concurrent intravitreal bevacizumab in neovascular glaucoma.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of concurrent intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection with trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C (MMC) in neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Patients with NVG who underwent trabeculectomy with concurrent IVB (group 1) and those who underwent IVB sequentially, followed by trabeculectomy with MMC (group 2) in 1-2 weeks between January 2021 and August 2022, were included in this retrospective hospital-based study. The need for medications for intraocular pressure (IOP) control at 6 months in the two groups was the primary outcome measured and compared between the groups. The association of the need for medications postoperatively with clinical variables was assessed using stepwise multivariate regression statistics. We finally included 40 patients ( n = 12 in group 1, n = 28 in group 2) with no significant differences in presenting age between groups. The IOP at 1 day and 1 week were not significantly different between groups though the IOP at 1, 3, and 6 months. IOP was lower in group 1 eyes with the 6-month IOP, being significantly lower in group 1, P = 0.05. Three eyes in group 1 and 11 eyes in group 2 required anti-glaucoma medications in the postoperative period. Multivariate regression identified preoperative IVB >3 (β =0.7, P < 0.001) and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage (β = 0.7, P = 0.004) as prognostic factors ( R2 = 40.6%) determining the need for anti-glaucoma medication (AGM) postoperatively in both groups. Concurrent IVB with trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C is a feasible alternative in patients with NVG with refractory high-presenting IOP. This may serve to address raised IOP as well as retinal ischemia, thereby improving surgical success rates in the most challenging NVG cases.

Efficacy of four anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity: A network meta-analysis.

This study undertakes a comprehensive comparison of five different interventions for the treatment of type-1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and aggressive posterior ROP (APROP), offering insights into their relative efficacies and contributing to better clinical decision making. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept (IVA), intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), intravitreal conbercept (IVC), intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR), and laser therapy in treating these conditions. We conducted a search for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in databases, namely, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Ovid, focusing on these five treatment modalities for ROP. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, and data analysis was performed using STATA software. The results from our network meta-analysis (NMA) indicated that IVA significantly prolonged the interval between initial treatment and relapse in patients, with a surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of 99.1%. Additionally, patients in the IVB group had a significantly higher spherical equivalent refraction (SER) after surgery, with a SUCRA value of 84.4%. Furthermore, IVR was the most effective in reducing the duration of peripheral retinal vascularization, with a SUCRA value of 95.6%. However, no statistically significant differences were found in relapse rates among the five treatment options. Our analysis concludes that intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drug monotherapy generally offer better outcomes than laser treatment for ROP. Nonetheless, additional RCTs are necessary to further evaluate the safety of anti-VEGF agents.

Neurodevelopment of patients who received intravitreal bevacizumab or aflibercept for type 1 and aggressive retinopathy of prematurity.

We aimed to compare the neurodevelopment of patients who received intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) for type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and aggressive ROP (A-ROP) using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) test. Patients who underwent IVB (group 1), IVA (group 2), and patients who did not receive treatment (group 3) were included in the prospective-controlled study. The patients were grouped as low-intermediate-high risk according to the high-risk infant follow-up guide. With the ASQ-3 test, fine and gross motor movements, communication, problem solving, and personal-social developments of the patients were compared. The gender distribution, birth weight (BW), and neonatal risk category of the groups were similar. Gestational age (GA) of group 1 was found to be lower compared to group 3. There was no difference between the groups in the development of gross and fine motor movements, communication and problem solving. The personal and social development of group 1 and group 2 was found to be retarded compared to the control group. As a result, the detection of retardation in the personal and social areas in the treated patients, and the detection of retardation in other areas, although not significant, reveals the necessity of following the development of these patient groups and providing the necessary support in the areas where retardation is detected.

Efficacy of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Vitreous Hemorrhage at Nongkhai Hospital

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection in vitreous hemorrhage (VH) due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed by reviewing medical charts at Nongkhai Hospital between October 1, 2019 and February 28, 2022. VH in PDR patients was divided into two groups as IVB and observation. Complete ophthalmic examination and/or ocular ultrasonography were performed at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The main outcome, as the success rate of vitrectomy at 12 weeks, and the secondary outcome as mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were recorded. Results: There were no significant differences among 73 consecutive patients, with 76 eyes, with VH due to PDR between the IVB injection and the observation groups with respect to gender, age, BMI, type of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and BCVA at baseline, and no statistically significant differences in pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) rate between the IVB and the observation groups at 5.40% versus 13.50% (p=0.22). A statistically significant improvement in mean BCVA change was recorded from the baseline to the 12-week follow-up visit as 29.70±2.78 letters in the IVB group compared with 20.17±2.73 letters in the observation group (p=0.02). Complete panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) treatment was performed at 71.4% in the IVB group and 58.1% in the observation group in one visit. Conclusion: IVB injection in patients suffering from PDR with VH reduced the need for vitrectomy. Results suggested no clinically important differences between the IVB and the observation groups on the rate of vitrectomy. IVB injection rapidly improved BCVA and reduced the number of patient follow-up visits required to achieve full PRP. Keywords: Bevacizumab; Proliferative diabetic retinopathy; Vitreous hemorrhage; Retinal neovascularization

Acetazolamide and bevacizumab combination therapy versus bevacizumab monotherapy in macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion.

To determine and compare the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and oral acetazolamide (OA) combination therapy versus IVB monotherapy in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). This randomized clinical trial included 54 eyes of 52 patients with RVO central macular thickness (CMT) of more than 300μm, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 20/400 and 20/40. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups: (I) IVB and OA (250mg twice daily) combination therapy or (II) IVB monotherapy. Ocular injections were repeated monthly for up to three months; BCVA and CMT were measured monthly. Both regimens resulted in significant reduction in CMT (534±150μm to 352±90μm in the IVB+OA group, P<0.001; and 580±175μm to 362±90μm in the IVB group, P<0.001); neither showed superiority in this regard. Likewise, BCVA showed significant improvement in both groups (0.87±0.56 to 0.53±0.28 LogMAR in the IVB+OA group, P=0.001; and 0.85±0.62 to 0.46±0.4 LogMAR in the IVB group, P<0.001), with no intergroup difference. Addition of oral acetazolamide to IVB in eyes with macular edema secondary to RVO may not result in additional short-term benefits regarding functional and anatomical outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05290948, registered on March 22, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05290948.

A Comparison between Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection and Placement of a Dexamethasone Implant to Treat Retinal Vein Occlusion Macular Edema

Purpose: We evaluated the macular, functional and structural features of patients with retinal vein occlusion and macular edema. We measured the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness, and the area of the foveal avascular zone area after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatment and placement of a dexamethasone implant (IVD).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 36 eyes of 36 patients with retinal vein occlusion and macular edema who underwent IVB treatment (20 eyes) and IVD placement (16 eyes). The parameters mentioned above were compared between the two treatment groups and the normal contralateral eyes after initial stabilization and 1 year later.Results: The BCVA was significantly higher in the IVB than the IVD group after initial stabilization and 1 year later. The intraocular pressure was lower at initial stabilization in the IVB than the IVD group, but no difference was apparent after 1 year. There was no significant between-group difference in the central foveal thickness at any time, but the IVD group required fewer injections during initial stabilization than the IVB group. In terms of the foveal avascular zone area, both the superficial and deep layers of the IVB group increased significantly during the initial stabilization period and then decreased to 1 year; no changes were seen in the IVD group.Conclusions: IVD treatment is associated with fewer injections than IVB treatment and a more stable retinal vasculature, but visual acuity may possibly decrease (because of cataract formation). Although IVB treatment improves visual acuity and reduces macular edema, this may be associated with an increased risk of macular ischemia given the need for repeated injections.

Comparison Between Intra Vitreal Bevacizumab and Triamcinolone in Reducing Macular Thickness in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Objectives: To compare the effect of intra vitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and intra vitreal triamcinolone (IVT) in reducing macular thickness in central retinal vein occlusion. Methods and Materials: This quasi experimental study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Hayat Abad Medical Complex Peshawar in the period from 01 January 2020 to 30 June 2020. Total 40 patients presented with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Patients were divided into two groups, group A received IVB treatment and group B received IVT treatment. The patients were followed up on 6th month post treatment. The primary outcomes of the study were visual acuity and reduction in macular thickness on OCT post treatment. Results: 40 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients was 60.70±15.49 in group A and in group B 60.40±12.83. There were 13 males and 7 females in group A and 12 males and 8 females in group B. Mean VA at baseline was 1.0825±0.25 logMAR in group A and 0.9745±0.29 logMAR in group B. Mean macular thickness at baseline was 625.40±47.15 µm in group A and 642.05±44.23 µm in group B. Mean VA at 6th month post treatment follow up was 0.4195±0.23 logMAR in group A and in group B was 0.4960±0.27 logMAR. At 6th month follow up macular thickness was 261.80±26.269 µm in group A and 263.80±22.209 µm in group B. Conclusion: Intravitreal injections of bevacizumab and triamcinolone have shown a reduction in macular edema in CRVO patients along with improvement in visual acuity. Keywords: Bevacizumab, Triamcinolone, Macular Edema, Central Retinal Vein Occlusion, Visual Acuity

Postnatal Growth Trajectories and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Following Bevacizumab Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

PurposeTo investigate the postnatal growth and neurodevelopment of infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB).Patients and MethodsThis was a retrospective comparative study. A total of 262 infants were divided among three study groups: 22 treated with intravitreal bevacizumab, 55 treated with laser, and 185 with ROP that resolved without treatment. Infants with nonviable course or hydrocephalus, a source of non-physiologic weight gain, were excluded. Neurodevelopment was assessed with Bayley III scores at 17–28 months if available and presence of hearing loss or cerebral palsy. Weekly weight, height, and head circumference from birth through 50 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) were modeled to determine differences in growth trajectories following treatment.ResultsComparison of postnatal growth curves from the time of treatment to 50 weeks PMA showed no significant differences in growth trajectories between groups after adjusting for the corresponding growth parameters at birth. Comparison of Bayley scores in patients with available data (n = 120) showed no significant differences. There was an increased risk of cerebral palsy in the IVB group after logistic regression adjusting for baseline confounders, but this did not retain statistical significance after applying the false discovery rate correction for multiple testing.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first large retrospective study to examine longitudinal growth in infants treated with IVB compared to controls. There were no significant differences in postnatal growth or neurodevelopmental outcomes between groups, which overall continue to support the safety of bevacizumab treatment for ROP.

PANRETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION VERSUS INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB VERSUS A PROPOSED MODIFIED COMBINATION THERAPY FOR TREATMENT OF PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: A Randomized Three-Arm Clinical Trial (CTPDR Study).

To compare safety and therapeutic effect of three treatment protocols on patients with naive proliferative diabetic retinopathy. A total of 207 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were randomly divided into three groups: full panretinal photocoagulation group; intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) group with four monthly IVB injections; and modified combination group with two bimonthly IVB injections and a modified laser therapy. The best-corrected visual acuity and area of neovascularization leakage were compared at 1-year follow-up. The difference in final best-corrected visual acuity was not significant between the groups (P = 0.77). The modified combination group had the lowest final leakage area (P = 0.006). The difference in final mean deviation of visual field was not significant between IVB and modified combination groups (mean difference = 0.25, P = 0.23, 95% confidence interval, 0.12-1.38). There was no difference in rate of new-onset diabetic macular edema between IVB and modified combination groups (mean difference = 1.5%, P = 0.31, 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.88). Mean of total IVB injections were 3.5, 7.4, and 6.2 for panretinal photocoagulation, IVB, and modified combination groups, respectively (P = 0.002). Patients in the IVB group underwent more visits (P = 0.001). In subgroup analysis, the difference in the final leakage area was significant for the eyes with diabetic macular edema (P = 0.005). A combination protocol of photocoagulation and IVB can be recommended for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, especially with baseline diabetic macular edema.

Long term results of three anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in pachychoroid neovasculopathy

Purpose To assess morphological changes and visual results in eyes with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) that underwent different intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. Materials and methods This is a retrospective, observational, comparative study that included 76 PNV eyes in 76 patients that were allocated to three groups according to the monotherapy injection procedure, as follows: the intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) group, intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) group, and intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) group. Central macular thickness (CMT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were measured at baseline, after treatment 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month, and 12th month, and at the final post-treatment examination. Results Mean age of the patients was 57.31 ± 5.91 years (range: 34–67 years). The mean duration of follow-up was 31.50 ± 12.91 months (range: 13–60 months). The IVB group included 30 eyes, the IVR group included 22 eyes, and the IVA group included 24 eyes. There weren’t any significant differences in BCVA changes between the groups at any post-baseline measurement time point. Although CMT did not change significantly in the IVB group from baseline to the final follow-up visit (baseline: 376.33 ± 86.31 µm; final visit: 340.80 ± 122.70 µm) (p = 0.172), CMT did change significantly in the IVA group (baseline: 383.41 ± 131.83 µm; final visit: 297.33 ± 103.81 µm) (p = 0.029) and IVR group (baseline: 379.18 ± 97.93 µm; final visit: 335.72 ± 111.45 µm) (p = 0.041). SFCT decreased significantly in the IVR and IVA groups (p = 0.015 and p < 0.001, respectively). The mean number of injections was 12.06 ± 4.72 (range: 6–20) in the IVB group, 11.81 ± 3.31(range: 7–17) in the IVR group, and 7.16 ± 3.15 (range: 4–13) in the IVA group (p = 0.004). Conclusion All three anti-VEGFs were effective in terms of visual results in patients with PNV. Patients treated with IVA required fewer injections than those treated with IVB or IVR. Furthermore, IVR and IVA treatment significantly decreased SFCT, whereas IVB did not.

OUTCOME OF THE MANAGEMENT OF AGGRESSIVE RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (A-ROP)

Objective: To compare the efcacy and safety between laser therapy and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents for aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (A-ROP). Acomparative study for laser, anti VEGF with laser and anti-VEGF mono therapy forPatients and methods: A-ROP treatment. Study period was 2016 to 2020 at BIRDEM General Hospital. We included fteen A-ROP babies with thirty eyes. Ten eyes treated with laser, ten eyes treated with anti-VEGF with laser and ten eyes treated with anti-VEGF. We used Bevacizumab as anti-VEGF. We compared efcacy, safety, complication, retreatment between these three groups. Complication incidences were signicantly higher inResult: laser therapy group. 20% of infants' needs retreatments with laser therapy more than two sessions. In anti-VEGF and laser therapy group, 6.7% of infants need retreatment and in anti-VEGF group-1 3.3% infants need retreatment. P-value was 0.005 which is signicant. Development of myopia is signicantly higher in laser therapy group (Group-3). About 100% infants' developed myopia. In Group-2 30% infants' developed myopia. In Group-1 no infants developed myopia. P-value was highly signicant 0.01. This analysis outcome indicates anti-VEGF agents are asConclusion: effective as laser treatment and safer than laser. The degree of myopia in A-ROP in laser group is higher than anti-VEGF mono therapy group. The decreased incidence of early unfavorable refractive and functional outcomes in the IVB group compared with the laser group showed a potential benet for patients treated with Intravitreal Bevacizumab (IVB).

Comparison of aflibercept and bevacizumab in the treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity

BackgroundTo evaluate the outcome of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and aflibercept (IVA) injection for patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).MethodsIn this single-center retrospective cohort, the recorded medical data of the infants who had been undergone intravitreal injection with either bevacizumab or aflibercept for type 1 ROP were reviewed. The infants were allocated into two groups. IVB group included patients who were treated with bevacizumab as initial treatment and the IVA group included patients who were treated with aflibercept as initial treatment. The rate and time of complete regression, as well as the recurrence rates, were compared between the groups.ResultsA total of 889 eyes of 453 infants were enrolled in the study. There were 865 eyes of 441 infants in the IVB group and 24 eyes of 12 infants in the IVA group. Follow-up time was 289 ± 257 days in the IVB group and 143 ± 25 days in the IVA group (p < 0.001). The difference in the ROP zone was not statistically significant between the 2 treatment groups (p = 0.328). All eyes in the IVA group showed initial regression of ROP after the intravitreal injections. These regressions were achieved in 830 (96.0%) eyes that were injected with IVB (p = 0.023). The median observed regression time was 10 days and 16 days in eyes treated with bevacizumab and aflibercept respectively. Recurrence was noted in 3.9% of eyes (34/865) in the IVB group and 58.3% of eyes (14/24) in the IVA group (p < 0.001).ConclusionWhile the regression rate in the IVA group was significantly higher than in the IVB group, the recurrence rate was significantly more in the IVA group, which may be attributed to differences in the pharmacokinetics of these drugs in the vitreous body.

Longitudinal Development of Refractive Error in Children Treated With Intravitreal Bevacizumab or Laser for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

PurposeTo compare the patterns of longitudinal refractive error development during the first 3.5 years in children with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) or laser photocoagulation.MethodsThis prospective cohort study enrolled extremely preterm infants (birth weight < 1000 g, gestational age 23–27 weeks) with type 1 ROP from multiple hospitals in Dallas between 1999 and 2017; IVB group (N = 22); laser group (N = 26). Cycloplegic retinoscopy was conducted from 0.04 years corrected age and every 0.5 to 1.0 years thereafter until 3.5 years old. Right eye spherical equivalent (SEQ) and astigmatism, anisometropia, and better-eye visual acuity were analyzed over time.ResultsIn all children, both eyes were treated with the same modality. At the final visit, the prevalence of myopia (SEQ ≤ −1D) was 82.7% in the laser group and 47.7% in the IVB group (P < 0.05) with a mean SEQ of −8.0D ± 5.8D in the laser group versus −2.3D ± 4.2D in the IVB group (P < 0.001). Longitudinal SEQ were best fit with a bilinear model. Before one year, the rate of SEQ change was −5.0D/year in the laser group, but only −3.5D/year in the IVB group (T = −5.14, P < 0.001); after one year, there was a significant flattening of these slopes (T = 6.23, P < 0.001). Anisometropia in the IVB group was significantly less than in the laser group (P < 0.05). Final visual acuity in both groups was similar at 0.47 logMAR (∼ 20/60).ConclusionsChildren with severe ROP treated with IVB developed less myopic refractive error than those treated with laser largely because of a slower rate of refractive change during the first year of life.Translational RelevanceThese findings may inform decisions regarding ROP treatment timing and modality.

Bevacizumab and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity: should we still worry?

Aim Bevacizumab may affect preterm infants’ ongoing organogenesis with its antiangiogenic effects. We aimed to compare neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO) of preterm infants treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with laser photocoagulation (LP), intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) or both treatments, and to find out the effects of IVB on NDO. Methods Medical records of preterm infants with ROP treatment and evaluation for NDO were retrospectively collected between 1 January 2017 and 31 June 2019. Primary outcome was Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition (Bayley-III) scores including cognitive, language, and motor scores. Secondary outcomes were neurodevelopmental impairments (NDIs) classified as the presence of any of cerebral palsy (CP), sensorineural/mixed hearing loss, visual impairment, and developmental delay with any Bayley-III score <85. Severe NDI (sNDI) was defined as presence of any of CP with a Gross Motor Function Classification Scale of 3, 4, or 5, requirement for hearing aids or cochlear implants, bilateral visual impairment or severe developmental delay with any Bayley-III score <70. Results LP, IVB, and IVB + LP groups included 32, 12, and 10 patients, respectively. Patent ductus arteriosus treatment rates were as 68.7, 75, and 90% in groups, respectively (p<.05 between LP and IVB + LP groups). Grades 3 and 4 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was lower in LP group than IVB group (9.4% vs. 33.4%, p<.05) while IVB + LP group had no grades 3 and 4 IVH. Other neonatal characteristics were similar (p > .05). CP was in 50%, 28%, and 0% of LP, IVB, and IVB + LP groups (p<.05). There was no difference in median Bayley-III cognitive, language, and motor scores between groups (p > .05). Moderate and severe developmental delays were similar between groups (p > .05) whereas IVB group had more moderate cognitive delay; and more severe cognitive, language, and motor delay. NDI rate was not different (59.3%, 50%, and 40% in groups, p > .05). sNDI was highest in IVB group but not statistically significant (31.2, 41.7, and 10% in groups, p > .05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that ROP treatment type and grades 3 and 4 IVH did not have any significant effect on NDO (p > .05). Odds of NDI was not effected by ROP treatment type (p > .05). Conclusions Patients treated with bevacizumab should be carefully monitored for neurodevelopmental problems, although the frequency of grades 3 and 4 IVH in the bevacizumab group is thought to contribute to higher rates of sNDI and Bayley-III score <70.

Comparison of Intravitreal Bevacizumab versus Intravitreal Ranibizumab in Treatment Naive Macular Edema Patients (Real World Evidence in Pakistan)

Purpose: To compare the short-term efficacy and safety of intraocular Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab in patients with treatment Naïve macular edema.&#x0D; Study Design: Quasi experimental study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Amanat Eye Hospital, from August 2018 to November 2019.&#x0D; Methods: Patients with macular edema confirmed with optical coherence tomography (OCT) or leakage on fluorescein angiography were included. Patients with NVE, PDR without macular edema and patients who switched to alternative anti-VEGF compounds prior to the completion of three consecutive monthly injections of their respective anti-VEGF or switched to other treatment options were excluded from the study. A thorough clinical examination was conducted including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior and posterior segment examination and OCT macula. The patients were then allocated to one of the two study arms (either Bevacizumab or Ranibizumab) based on the doctor’s input and patient affordability. All patients underwent three consecutive injections of the selected molecule at one month intervals. BCVA, CRT and macular volume were then recorded 04 weeks after the third injection.&#x0D; Results: A statistically significant mean vision gain was observed from baseline in both groups (p &lt; 0.05). However, the change in BCVA was not significantly different between intravitreal Bevacizumab group and intravitreal Ranibizumab group (p &gt; 0.05). Similarly, although there was improvement in CRT and macular volume in both groups but there was no statistically significant difference between the two.&#x0D; Conclusions: Treatment with intravitreal Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab injections cause statistically similar anatomical and functional results in cases of treatment naïve macular edema.&#x0D; Key Words: Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab, Macular Edema, Diabetic Retinopathy, Macular Degeneration, Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Treatment Management on Refractive Outcomes in Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Objectives:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of different treatment modalities on refractive outcomes in patients treated with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods:The records of children who were treated for severe ROP in our clinic between January 2015 and August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The children who were treated were analyzed in three subgroups as intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), laser photocoagulation (LPC), and IVB + LPC. Spherical equivalent (SEQ), spherical and cylindrical power measurements of the cases were recorded in diopters (D). SE ≤−0.25D was accepted as myopia and SE of more than 1 D between two eyes was accepted as anisometropia.Results:A total of 160 eyes of 80 participants were eligible for inclusion: 38 eyes in the IVB group, 24 eyes in the LPC group, 16 eyes in the IVB + LPC group, 44 eyes in the spontaneously regressed group, and 38 eyes in the full-term children. Although the mean spherical power and SEQ in the IVB group were lower than in the LPC group (p=0.019 and 0.013, respectively), there was no significant difference between the IVB group and the IVB + LPC group (p=0.541 and 0.804, respectively). In terms of mean cylindrical power and prevalence of myopia and anisometropia, there was no significant difference between the treatment groups (p>0.05).Conclusion:Although spherical power and SEQ can change according to the ROP treatment management, there is no difference in terms of the cylindrical power, prevalence of myopia, and anisometropia. The most important risk factor for myopia and anisometropia in premature children may be ROP severity and retinal immaturity.

Prematürite Retinopatisi Nedeniyle Takip Edilen Bebeklerde Refraktif Durumu Etkileyen Faktörler; 2 Yıllık Sonuçlar: Retrospektif Bir Çalışma

Objective: To evaluate the refractive changes in the first two years of life and to investigate the effect of prematurity, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its treatment on refraction. Material and Methods: This is a single center retrospective study. Ninety eight patients and 196 eyes were investigated between 2016 and 2019. Refractive status was evaluated at 6th month, 1st and 2nd years. Results: Mean spherical value was +2.10±2.36, +1.50±2.13 and +1.13±2.30 at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, respectively. There was a positive correlation between gestational week (GW) and spherical equivalent (SE) values at each follow-up (r=0.21 p=0.002, r=0.26 p=0.000, r=0.28 p=0.000 respectively). SE values in cases born before and after 32 GW did not show any difference at 6th month (p=0.138) at the 1st year and 2nd years, SE values were lower (p=0.028, p=0.009). All cases of high myopic were aggressive posterior-ROP (APROP). Treated and untreated groups were compared and significant differences were observed (p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000, respectively). The study did not reveal any significant differences between diode laser and intravitreal bevacizumab group (p=0.22, p=0.634 and p=0.885, respectively). Astigmatism is not affected by these factors. Conclusion: Higher myopia was detected in those born under 32 GW at 1st year and 2nd years, in APROP cases and in those treated for ROP. Severity of ROP disease itself significantly affects refraction in these type of cases. Astigmatism is not affected by these factors.