Urography Research Articles

Replacement of extended ureteral strictures in children: a multicenter experience with appendicoplasty

Introduction. The first description of ureteral appendicoplasty was provided by the Italian surgeon Giannettasio in 1901, followed by two German surgeons, Franke and Rydygier. Their work was later included in a review by Melnikoff in 1912. However, it is Melnikoff who is often erroneously credited with performing the first appendicoplasty in the literature. The first ureteral appendicoplasty operation on a 1.5-year-old child in Russia was performed by Soloviev in 1976.Objective. To report the results of performing operations on replacement of ureteral defects by ureteral appendicoplasty in children.Materials & Methods. Between 2009 and 2023, a total of 11 surgeries were conducted to replace extended ureteral defects using the appendix technique in four clinics in Russia and the Republic of Belarus. The follow-up included six boys and five girls with an average age of 79 months (ranging from 18 months to 16 years). Six operations were performed by laparoscopic access (mean operative time 356 minutes). Five operations were performed by open access (mean operative time 257 minutes).Results. Long-term results were assessed between 18 and 192 months in all patients. Urinary tract patency was evaluated based on the results of micturition cystography (in one case, vesicoureteral reflux was recorded) and intravenous urography (one case of stenosis of the distal anastomosis, which was corrected by endoscopic dissection of the stricture site using a fiberoureteroscope). In patients who underwent renoscintigraphy, no progression of renal function decline was observed. In all patients, long-term follow-up showed satisfactory urine passage.Conclusion. The results of the surgical interventions performed by us are assessed as good. In all 11 cases, the replacement of the extended ureteral stricture using an appendix allowed for the restoration of urinary flow. Furthermore, any complications that arose did not necessitate repeated reconstruction of the urinary tract. Nevertheless, it is important to note that, in our opinion, this technique cannot be considered the method of choice. Rather, it represents a last resort for patients who have undergone multiple previous operations due to severe trauma or oncological diseases. In cases involving ureteral strictures, priority should always be given to an operation involving anastomosis with sufficient ureteral length and minimal tissue tension. We firmly believe that this approach offers the best chance for a successful outcome.

Hydronephrosis in children. Clinical and therapeutic considerations

The present study analyses the experience of the Pediatric Urology Clinic of the National Scientific-Practical Center of Pediatric Surgery "Acad. Natalia Gheorghiu" during the years 2013-2022. During this period, 35 children aged 0-18 years with congenital hydronephrosis were evaluated. Indications for surgery were acuity, changes recorded on urinary system ultrasonography, intravenous urography, renal scintigraphy, computed tomography with vasography, nuclear magnetic resonance with angiography. The used surgical intervention was resection of the pyelo-ureteral junction and plasty of the pyelo-ureteral junction Andersen-Hynes procedure. No immediate postoperative local (nephrosclerosis) or general complications were recorded. Chronic kidney disease developed in 4 patients. No deaths were recorded.

Incidental discovery of unilateral hydronephrosis unveiling psoas major desmoid-type fibromatosis in a 24-year-old male: A case report with a 5-year follow-up.

Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DTF), also known as aggressive fibromatosis, is a rare neoplasm originating from the fascial or musculoaponeurotic tissues. While benign and characterized by slow growth, it exhibits local aggressiveness and lacks specific clinical characteristics. However, in a considerable percentage of patients, it could be asymptomatic and discovered by accident during routine clinical examinations. Only a few cases of DTF arising from the psoas major muscle have been reported in the medical literature. A 24-year-old male, asymptomatic and without significant personal or family medical history, was diagnosed with grade 2 hydronephrosis by abdominal ultrasonography during a routine physical examination. This diagnosis was made 15 days after undergoing uncomplicated open-heart surgery to repair an atrial septal defect. Intravenous pyelogram revealed hydronephrosis with dilation of the pelvicalyceal system. Ureteroscopy ruled out any intrinsic lesions of the ureter. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography identified a 3.5 × 2 × 5.2 cm mass in the retroperitoneum, closely associated with the psoas muscle and enveloping the ureter adjacent to the iliac artery. Postoperative pathological analysis confirmed a definitive diagnosis of sporadic DTF. The patient underwent exploratory abdominal surgery, during which the tumor was resected without any intraoperative complications. After close monitoring over a 5-year follow-up period, which included periodic physical examinations, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography, no local recurrence was detected. Achieving an accurate preoperative diagnosis presents a challenge in cases involving retroperitoneal tumors originating from the psoas major muscle and encasing the ureter. However, the insertion of a double J stent is deemed a crucial step in the surgical process, facilitating the dissection and isolation of the ureter from the tumor while preserving kidney function.

P-737 Congenital tubal anomalies: exploring its relationship with tubal factor infertility: observational-descriptive study

Abstract Study question Is there any relation between congenital Fallopian tube anomalies and tubal factor infertility in subset of infertile women? Summary answer Nearly 15% of women who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy revealed congential tubal anomaly (15%), including total or partial agenesis of tubes. What is known already The fallopian tubes play a crucial role in the reproductive process. These structures are 10-12 cm in length, consists of four parts from proximal to distal side: intramural, isthmic, ampullary and fimbrial [1]. Any abnormalities in their development or structure can severely affect fertility. Fallopian tube agenesis, whether partial or complete, constitutes one such anomaly. While there have been numerous advances in the understanding and management of fallopian tube disorders, partial or complete fallopian tube agenesis remains an enigmatic entity with unknown prevalance in the general population. Study design, size, duration Observational study was conducted between 2020 and 2023. All couples with primary infertility were evaluated in an outpatient clinic using basic hormone analysis, semen analysis, sonography and hysterosalpingogram as a standard of care. All women with suspected tubal pathology were offered to have diagnostic laparoscopy (LS) in order to confirm the anomaly. When tubal and/or Mullerian anomalies were detected, urinary system was examined by intravenous pyelography. Other suspected pathologies were examined by abdominopelvic CT x-ray. Participants/materials, setting, methods All women with suspected tubal pathology were offered to have diagnostic laparoscopy in order to confirm the anomaly. Surgeries was performed by two experienced surgeons, after having informed consent. When tubal and/or Mullerian anomalies were detected, urinary system was examined by intravenous pyelography. Other suspected pathologies were examined by abdominopelvic CT x-ray imaging. All anomalies have been reported in an electronic database. Main results and the role of chance A total of 4230 infertile couples were admitted to clinics. Mean age of women in the study population is 30±2.3 years. Overall duration of infertility is 1.2±0.6 years. Among them, 895 women were diagnosed to have suspected tubal pathology after HSG examination (21%). Diagnostic LS was performed to 220 women. Flowchart of the patients is given in figure-1. Among them, 113 (51,3%) women revealed tubal pathologies/anomalies and 107 (49,7%) revealed normal findings. Total of 34 women revealed congenital proximal and/or distal tubal anomaly. Half of these cases (17/34) were complete agenesis and remaning were either with proximal or mid-distal portion agenesis. Majority of women 32/34 (94 %) with tubal pathology revealed at least 1 uterine anomaly as well. Among them, 19 (55.9 %) of these patients was confirmed to have unicornuate uterus, 6 (17.6 %) had uterus didelphys, 4 (11.8 %) had bicornuate uterus, and 3 (8.8%) had uterine septum. No uterine anomaly was observed in 2 (5.9 %) patients. Total of 16 women (14%) were diagnosed to have other system anomalies. Limitations, reasons for caution Lack of a control group in normal population in order to compare incidences. Secondly, our sample size is not enough to precisely conclude on exact prevalances. Third, we did not report fertility data following LS. Wider implications of the findings Tubal factor infertility is one of the major etiologic factor among primary infertility cases and congenital tubal anomalies were reported to be relatively higher (15%) in these younger women contrary to general expectations. Second important finding is high congenital uterine anomaly incidence in women with congenital tubal anomalies. Trial registration number not applicable

Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-Contrast Computed Tomography in Identification of Renal Calculi in Suspected Patients with Negative Intravenous Pyelogram

Background: Renal calculi, commonly known as kidney stones, are mineral deposits found in the renal calyces and pelvis, either free or attached to the renal papillae. These stones can cause significant pain and health complications, making accurate diagnosis crucial. While intravenous pyelogram (IVP) has been a traditional diagnostic method, non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) has emerged as a potentially superior alternative due to its higher sensitivity and specificity. Objective: To determine the accuracy of non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) in identifying renal calculi in symptomatic patients with negative intravenous pyelogram (IVP) results. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital from August 7, 2023, to March 20, 2024. A total of 416 symptomatic patients, aged 19 to 49 years, with negative IVP results were included. Patients previously diagnosed with urolithiasis/nephrolithiasis by other imaging modalities, those who were uncooperative, pregnant, severely ill, or with congenital urinary tract abnormalities, were excluded. Demographic and clinical data were collected through interviews. Each patient underwent an NCCT scan, which was interpreted by an experienced radiologist. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with continuous variables summarized as means and standard deviations, and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: Of the 416 patients, 250 (60.09%) were diagnosed with urolithiasis/nephrolithiasis on NCCT, while 166 (39.90%) were negative. The majority of positive cases were male (n=156, 70.90%), with the most common age group being 19-29 years (n=91, 58.33%). The most frequent anatomical site for calculi was the ureter (n=151, 36.30%), followed by the kidneys (n=60, 14.42%) and the urinary bladder (n=39, 9.37%). The size of the single calculi varied, with the most common sizes being 0.4-0.5 cm (27.81%). Conclusion: NCCT demonstrated a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy for urolithiasis/nephrolithiasis compared to IVP. Given its superior sensitivity and specificity, NCCT should be considered the preferred diagnostic modality for patients presenting with acute renal colic and negative IVP results. These findings can improve patient outcomes through timely and accurate diagnosis, reducing the need for unnecessary diagnostic procedures.

Intravenous urography findings among patients with uterine fibroid - is intravenous urography a necessity?

Intravenous urography findings among patients with uterine fibroid - is intravenous urography a necessity?

Radiolucent Calculi in Kidneys on Intravenous Urography: Red Color on Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Clinches the Final Diagnosis.

Radiolucent Calculi in Kidneys on Intravenous Urography: Red Color on Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Clinches the Final Diagnosis.

Clinical outcome of intravenous urography-assisted shockwave lithotripsy for radiolucent ureteral stones

ObjectiveWe aimed to compare the clinical outcome of intravenous urography-assisted fluoroscopy-guided shockwave lithotripsy for radiolucent ureteral stones and standard shockwave lithotripsy for radiopaque ureteral stones. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 734 patients with ureteral stones treated by fluoroscopy-guided shockwave lithotripsy between March 2014 and March 2021. The primary outcome was a stone-free rate with one session within 30 days, defined as no residual stones without auxiliary treatment. Multivariate analysis was used to examine whether intravenous urography use predicted treatment success. Furthermore, we compared the outcomes using propensity score matching. ResultsNinety-eight patients underwent intravenous urography use protocol (Group I), and the remaining 636 patients underwent non-intravenous urography protocol (Group N). Stone-free rates with one session within 30 days were 37.8% and 31.7% in groups I and N, respectively (p=0.20). No statistical differences were observed in the conversion rate to ureteroscopy (p=0.26) and complication rate (p=0.70) between Group I and Group N. One patient who developed skin redness was considered a complication of the contrast medium. Propensity score matching examined 88 matched pairs. Treatment success was obtained in 31 (35.2%) patients in Group I and 33 (37.5%) patients in Group N (p=0.88) within 30 days with one session. ConclusionsRadiolucent stones can be safely and effectively treated by shockwave lithotripsy with intravenous urography.

Antegrade and retrograde laser excision and ureterotomy laser for ureteral polyp causing total ureteral stenosis following left ureteral stones removal: a case report and literature review

Background: Ureteral polyps are rare, and the clinical manifestations are typically nonspecific. Obstruction from ureteral polyps can lead to ureteral stone formation. Excision using a less invasive approach is the most commonly performed procedure. Here, the authors report a patient with left proximal and distal ureteral polyps treated with laser excision after removal of the right kidney and left ureteral stone using a combined antegrade and retrograde route. This case is interesting because there was complete ureteral blockage, and polyps were found on the proximal and distal sides of the stenotic area. Case Presentation: A 55-year-old female patient came to our center with bilateral flank pain. Initially, the diagnosis was bilateral hydronephrosis, but after ureteroscopy (URS) was performed, proximal and distal ureteral polyps were identified. The polyp was excised using a Thulium laser, followed by DJ-stent placement. Discussion: Imaging with intravenous pyelography, CT, or retrograde urography can help diagnose ureteral polyps. Removal of the polyp’s base using ureteroscopy with laser coagulation allows for identification and histologic diagnosis. Endoscopic treatment has become the most commonly used treatment for ureteral polyps. Conclusion: Ureteral polyps are rare, and preoperative diagnosis may be difficult. Laser excision with stent placement after primary polyp removal has been reported in many studies to have good outcomes.

Pattern of IVU among patients presenting with flank pain at a tertiary hospital in Rivers State

Background: Intravenous urography (IVU) is a contrast based radiological procedure for the investigation and imaging of the urinary system. It was the gold standard, not until the last two decades when CTU (computed tomography urography) took over. The latter is better because of its improved accuracy in the diagnosis of urinary tract pathologies. Flank pain is a sensation of discomfort or distress in the part of the body below the rib and above the ilium. The possible organs in the flank to be affected include kidney and ureter. Aim This study is aimed at finding out the IVU findings in patients presenting with flank pain in a tertiary hospital in the southern part of Nigeria. Study design and settings: A retrospective study was conducted in the Radiology Department of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) from 1st February 2021 to 10th February 2023. Data Analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.1 version. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 100 data was analyzed. Patients between the age of 5 years and 76 years with a mean age of 39.72 + 14.33 years was used for this study. Majority of the age group was greater than 41years of age with an equal male to female distribution. That is the ratio of female to male in this study is 1:1. The study shows that more patients had abnormal IVU patterns than normal. More females had normal IVU patterns while abnormal IVU patterns were more common in males. The study also shows that the ureters were more affected than the kidneys because we had more abnormal IVU pattern in the ureter than the kidney. Conclusion: The age group with the highest abnormal IVU pattern is the greater than 41years group, probably because they were more in number in the study population and again may be, we can say the frequency of diseases increases with increasing age.

Urinary incontinence in a male dog with an ectopic ureterocoele remnant associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis and cryptorchidism

AbstractA 2‐year‐old, male, neutered labrador retriever with a previous diagnosis of left renal agenesis and left cryptorchidism presented for investigation of mild intermittent urinary incontinence. Abdominal ultrasound, intravenous urography and retrograde positive‐contrast urethrocystography were performed, identifying an unusual fluid‐filled structure, confluent with the left side of the prostate gland. Histopathological diagnosis, following surgical excision, was an ectopic ureterocoele remnant. Urinary incontinence temporarily improved following surgery, but subsequently recurred. A presumptive diagnosis of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence, in addition to the ectopic ureterocoele remnant was given. Dogs with renal agenesis typically have an absent ipsilateral ureter; however, this report demonstrates an ipsilateral ectopic ureterocoele remnant, a condition rarely reported in veterinary medicine. Multiple ipsilateral genitourinary deformities should be suspected and investigated in animals presenting with any urogenital developmental abnormality. Clinical significance of ectopic ureterocoele remnant in male dogs with urinary incontinence should however be carefully evaluated, and other causes (e.g., urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence) should be considered.

Arterial Embolization: A Superior Treatment for Massive Urinary Tract Bleeding in Emergency Care

Objective: To analyze the effect of arterial embolism (AE) in patients with massive urinary system bleeding (MBUS). Methods: From September 2018 to September 2023, 175 cases of MBUS patients in the emergency department of the hospital were randomly selected and divided into groups according to the length of stay. Among them, 85 cases (September 2018 – September 2020) underwent bladder irrigation treatment with aluminum potassium sulfate solution through a catheter (Group A), and 90 cases (October 2020 – September 2023) underwent AE treatment (Group B). The treatment effects of the two groups were compared. Results: The treatment effectiveness of Group B is higher than that of Group A (P < 0.05). The urinary hemoglobin level of Group B is lower than that of Group A at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours after treatment (P < 0.05). Among the 90 cases treated with AE, 7 cases had a fever, with body temperatures ranging from 37.3°C to 38.9℃, with a mean temperature of 38.2 ± 0.3℃. Four cases experienced local pain, nausea, and vomiting, while two cases of intra-iliac AE showed transient buttock pain. These patients with adverse reactions were treated symptomatically for 7 days. All patients recovered after treatment. Intravenous urography of 87 patients in June showed that the renal pelvis and calyces were in good condition, the renal function returned to normal, and the blood urea nitrogen and blood creatinine test results were within the normal range. After 1 year of follow-up, no hypertension occurred. Conclusion: AE treats MBUS patients in the emergency department with remarkable efficacy. It has the advantages of less damage to the body, rapid hemostasis, high safety, and maximum preservation of organ function.

Modified percutaneous nephropexy for nephroptosis: Technical description and short-term results

Abstract Objectives Percutaneous nephropexy (PCN) has been demonstrated as a feasible method for treating nephroptosis. This study describes an improved technique for PCN that better addresses the issue of nephroptosis. Materials and methods We reviewed 4 patients who underwent the improved PCN procedure between January 2021 and January 2023. These patients were diagnosed with nephroptosis, with 1 case having both a narrow ureteropelvic junction and nephroptosis due to a kidney stone, and 3 cases having simple nephroptosis. Patient characteristics, perioperative data, and follow-up results were collected. Surgical success was determined by symptom relief (subjective success) and the absence of kidney descent by intravenous pyelography (objective success). Results Preoperative computed tomography urography showed that all patients had hydronephrosis, with severe hydronephrosis in 75% (3/4) and moderate hydronephrosis in 25% (1/4) of cases. The mean operative time was 63.8 minutes (range, 45–95 minutes), and the mean blood loss was 5 mL (range, 5–50 mL). The mean length of hospital stay was 4.5 days (range, 3–6 days). The mean time to removal of the nephrostomy tube was 2 months (range, 1–4 months). No serious complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3) occurred during or after the procedure. The mean postoperative serum creatinine level was 54.75 μmoI/L (range, 43–65 μmoI/L). The mean follow-up time was 6.25 months (range, 4–8 months). The objective and subjective success rates were both 100%. Conclusions The improved PCN procedure that was used in this study is feasible and provides a good option for treating nephroptosis.

Vesicoureteral reflux-stenosis: an approach to diagnosis and treatment

Vesicoureteral reflux-stenosis is a malformation of the urinary system in which reflux is combined with a narrowing of the distal ureter at the site of its confluence with the bladder. At the same time, the diameter of the lumen of the formed rigid section of the narrowed ureter is sufficient for the occurrence of reflux, but not enough for normal emptying of the upper urinary tract, which leads to the development of a reflux megaureter. Histologically, the wall of the narrowed ureter is characterized by the presence of fibrosis, atrophy of the submucosal layer and the absence of neuromuscular elements of the ureterovesical junction. Diagnosis of reflux stenosis should include mycological cystography and intravenous excretory urography, the results of which, in addition to reflux itself, often determine the “beak symptom” – narrowing in the distal ureter; cystoscopy, which reveals narrow ureteral mouths without peristalsis; computed tomography with contrast enhancement; ultrasound examination of the kidneys and ureters on a urethral catheter with a diuretic test – an increase in the volume of the upper urinary tract by more than 30% of the initial values indicates the presence of stenosis. To clarify kidney function, the study is supplemented with static nephroscintigraphy. The most preferable option is a staged surgical treatment – the narrowed distal ureter is bujured and a ureteral stent is installed for a period of 1 month. While maintaining reflux, according to the data of microvascular cystography, endoscopic plastic surgery of the ureteral mouth is performed. In case of ineffectiveness of minimally invasive interventions, they proceed to Cohen’s neoimplantation of the ureter with resection of the distal ureter and, if necessary, with straining of the enlarged ureter.

Retroperitoneal Mullerian Cyst of Renal Origin in a Cat - A Case report

Extreme rarely reported mullerian cysts of the retroperitoneum are considered to be a subtype of urogenital cysts. Retroperitoneal cysts can be categorized into lymphatic cysts, mesothelial cysts, enteric cysts and urogenital cysts based on embryological origin and histogenesis. The present case is an rare encounter and the successful management of the same is herewith discussed. A twelve months old intact female domestic short hair cat was presented with a history of progressive abdominal distension, anorexia, lethargy and oliguria. On abdominal palpation, an extensive globular mass was palpable in the cranial abdomen a survey radiography of the abdomen and thorax revealed a soft tissue contour at the cranial abdomen at the left renal position, thoracic radiography revealed absence of any abnormalities. Renal functional status was ascertained with intravenous pyelography which revealed unilateral cystic dysgenesis of left kidney and agenesis of left ureter. Hematobiochemical profiles and preoperative assessment were done to rule out general organ health. Following routine and special diagnostic procedures, an exploratory laparotomy confirmed the cystic renal distension that was excised through an unilateral nephrectomy and the cat was observed on periodic reviews to confirm any abnormalities if any which was absent and the animal had an uneventful recovery,.

Coexistence of Ureterocele with a Solitary Kidney in a Nigerian Child: Case Report

Ureterocele is a cystic dilatation in the terminal section of the ureter that is located inside the bladder, the urethra, or both. Renal agenesis refers to a congenital absence of one or both kidneys. If bilateral is referred to as classic potter syndrome, the condition is fatal, whereas if unilateral, patients can have a normal life expectancy. Unilateral renal agenesis affects approximately 1 in 500 live births while bilateral agenesis is less common affecting approximately 1 in 4000 live births. There may be a slightly greater male predilection. Radiographic studies have been valuable in diagnosing and confirming diseases in the genitourinary system. Ultrasonography, intravenous urography (IVU) and computed tomography urography (CTU) has greatly helped in evaluation of patients presenting with renal symptoms/abdominal pains. Our case study is a 9 years old male child who presented to the Radiology department for abdominopelvic CT scan/computed urography (CTU) on account of recurrent abdominal pains of two years. Previous abdominopelvic ultrasound scan done reviewed a solitary kidney with left ureterocele not in our center. However, the CT scan done in our center showed the left kidney with left ureterocele.

Changing trends in the management of posttransplant ureteric stricture

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disease now. Diabetes and hypertension are the main cause. Renal transplant is a gold standard treatment. Posttransplant stricture is also common, and changing trends in management are emerging. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital in East India. The study duration was from January 2019 to December 2021. In total, 140 patients were studied, including both live and cadaveric transplants. A patient who developed posttransplant hydronephrosis or presented with acute kidney injury was evaluated with ultrasonography, intravenous urography, contrast-enhanced computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Management was done with double J (DJ) stenting, percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) insertion, or surgical intervention. Results and Analysis: Twelve (8.6%) patients out of 140 developed posttransplant ureteric stricture. Five (41.7%) out of 12 patients were managed with long dura DJ stenting, and five (41.7%) were managed with PCN insertion and serial follow-up. Only two (16.7%) required ureteric reimplantation. Discussion: Posttransplant ureteric stricture is a common complication following renal transplantation. Common causes are increased cold ischemia time, ureteral edema, clots, tumors, calculi, lymphocele, abscess, and hematoma. Other causes include kinking of the ureter and previously unrecognized pelviureteric junction obstruction. In the literature, the incidence of posttransplant ureteric stricture ranges from 2% to 10% in one study; and in another study, it is 1% to 9%. In our study, it is 8.6%. Conclusion: Diagnosis of the posttransplant ureteric stricture should be prompt, and management should be given as early as possible for better graft survival.

Renal Scintigraphy in Combination with Intravenous Pyelogram for the Diagnosis of Nephroptosis

Renal Scintigraphy in Combination with Intravenous Pyelogram for the Diagnosis of Nephroptosis

Intravenous Urograpphy Findings among Patients Presenting to Rivers State University Teaching Hospital-A Two Years Retrospective Study

Background: Conventional intravenous urography (IVU) is an imaging modality of choice used in evaluating urinary system especially in the third world countries despite recent advancement in imaging Aim: This study is aimed at analyzing the IVU findings in a tertiary center in South-South Nigeria. Study design and settings: A retrospective, observational study was conducted in the Radiology Department of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). From 1st February 2021 to 28th February 2023. Data analysis: Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 version. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 133 data were analyzed. The age of the study group was between 7 to 72years with a mean age of 39.29 ± 13.63 years. Majority of the age group was 36-46 years (n=49, 36.8%). Females presented more for IVU in this study. The commonest indication is uterine fibroids. Normal IVU was seen in 40(30.1%) of the patients and others had one pathology or the other. Commonest renal pathology was hydronephrosis. There was a significant association between indications and gender (P=0.0001). Conclusion: This study shows that more female presented for IVU which tallies with uterine fibroids being the commonest indication. The commonest finding was hydronephrosis. There was significant association between gender and indications for the study (P=0.0001).

Radiological Anatomy Quiz: Reconstructed coronal image from a computed tomography (intravenous) urogram

Not abstract available