Intravenous Injection Of Hypertonic Solution Research Articles

Intravenous injection of hypertonic NaCl solution stimulates pulmonary C-fibers in dogs

Intravenous injection of hypertonic NaCl solution evokes reflex bradycardia and hypotension, effects thought to result from stimulation of afferent vagal endings in the lungs. To identify the afferents responsible for these effects, we recorded vagal impulses arising from endings in the lungs and lower airways of anesthetized dogs and examined the response to injection of hypertonic solutions into the pulmonary circulation. Injection of 4,800 mmol/l NaCl solution (1 ml/kg) stimulated 39 of 49 pulmonary C-fibers, their impulse frequency increasing 35-fold. Stimulation was concentration dependent, the minimum effective concentration being between 1,200 and 4,800 mmol/l. Rapidly adapting receptors were also stimulated in a concentration-dependent manner, 35 of 41 receptors being stimulated by 4,800 mmol/l NaCl solution, firing increasing fivefold. Bronchial C-fibers were not stimulated by injection into the pulmonary circulation but were by injection into the bronchial artery. Hypertonic urea solutions had qualitatively similar but smaller effects on pulmonary C-fibers and rapidly adapting receptors. The results suggest that the reflex effects of intravenous injection of hypertonic solutions result principally from stimulation of pulmonary C-fibers.

Transvascular osmotic flow reflected by changes in plasma oncotic pressure of anesthetized dog.

To assess overall bodily transvascular fluid flow due to osmotic imbalance between blood and interstitial fluid during or after addition of hypertonic saline, sugar-, albumin- and dextran solutions or CO2 mixture to blood, arterial blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of anesthetized dogs was continuously measured with a needle-type colloid osmometer. Plasma volume change (delta Vp) was estimated from the changes in either the equivalent albumin concentration (C) or the albumin concentration equivalent to plasma COP, which was well confirmed in inanimate model experiments. Carbon dioxide inhalation caused RBC swelling (1.5% volume increase/10 mmHg of PCO2). Intravenous injection of hypertonic solutions resulted in transient osmotic flow (8.5 +/- 2.2 ml/g of solute per kg of animal weight by NaCl, and 1.7 +/- 0.4 by glucose), and albumin and dextran also induced fluid flow (1.3 +/- 0.4 by albumin and 2.2 +/- 0.7 by dextran), which depended on van't Hoff's law and reflection coefficient of solutes.

Changes in electrical activity of the medulla on the intravenous injection of hypertonic solutions.

Electric recording with insulated steel electrodes in the dorsal part of the medulla of the cat has revealed an area which responds to changes in the tonicity of the blood stream. Hypertonic saline solutions injected intravenously resulted in a response characterized by increased electrical activity in the floor of the fourth ventricle at the level of the obex. The region involved is in juxtaposition to the area postrema overlying the vagal nuclei and may represent a central site of osmoreception.

Glucose nephrosis with renal failure in a patient with Laennec's cirrhosis.

Case Reports1 December 1953GLUCOSE NEPHROSIS WITH RENAL FAILURE IN A PATIENT WITH LAENNEC'S CIRRHOSISKENNETH F. GOLDEN, M.D., JOHN T. PRIOR, M.D.KENNETH F. GOLDEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN T. PRIOR, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-39-6-1308 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA characteristic type of renal tubular epithelial damage has been described in both man and experimental animals following the intravenous administration of hypertonic sucrose solutions. This kidney lesion, generally known as "sucrose nephrosis," has been observed in association with other sugars in hypertonic solution including xylose, inulin and glucose. It has also been reported to have occurred in man following such substances in hypertonic solutions as acacia, creatinine, sodium sulfate and urea. Although repeated injections of hypertonic sucrose at frequent intervals can effect significant interference with renal function in man, it is generally considered that the renal lesion produced by...Bibliography1. Helmholz HF: Renal changes in the rabbit resulting from intravenous injection of hypertonic solution of sucrose, J. Pediat. 3: 144-157, 1933. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. LindbergWaldBarker HAMHMH: Renal changes following administration of hypertonic solutions, Arch. Int. Med. 63: 907-918, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. Cutler HH: Effects of sucrose on the kidney, Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 14: 318-320, 1939. Google Scholar4. AndersonBethea WAWR: Renal lesions following administration of hypertonic solutions of sucrose, J. A. M. A. 114: 1983-1987, 1940. Google Scholar5. Anderson WA: Sucrose nephrosis and other types of renal tubular injuries, South. M. J. 34: 257-261, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. Berthoud E: Les grandes injections intraveineuses de glucose en solutions hypertoniques sont-elles nocives pour le rein? Rev. méd. de la Suisse Rom. 70: 298-305, 1950. MedlineGoogle Scholar7. Wilmer HA: The mechanism of sucrose damage of the kidney tubules, Am. J. Physiol. 141: 431-438, 1944. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. Allen AC: The kidney, medical and surgical diseases, 1951, Grune and Stratton, New York, p. 212. Google Scholar9. RigdonCardwell RHES: Renal lesions following the intravenous injection of hypertonic solution of sucrose, Arch. Int. Med. 69: 670-690, 1942. CrossrefGoogle Scholar10. MurphyHershbergKatz FDRAAM: The effect of intravenous injections of sucrose solution (50%) on the cerebro-spinal fluid pressure, the blood pressure and clinical course in cases of chronic hypertension, Am. J. M. Sc. 192: 510-517, 1936. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Syracuse, N. Y.*Received for publication May 29, 1953.From the Departments of Medicine and Pathology, State University of New York Medical Center at Syracuse, Syracuse, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byF�hrt die sog. osmotische Nephrose oder Zuckerspeicherniere zur Niereninsuffizienz?Zur Kritik der NierenfunktionsprüfungenErkennung und Behandlung anurischer StörungenDiseases of Medical ProgressThe Treatment of Acute Traumatic Renal Insufficiency 1 December 1953Volume 39, Issue 6Page: 1308-1315KeywordsCreatinineGlucoseKidneysLesionsRenal failureSodiumSucroseSulfatesUreaXylose ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1953 PDF downloadLoading ...

USE OF SORBITOL IN GLAUCOMA

The lowering of the intraocular pressure by osmotic changes produced by the intravenous injection of hypertonic solutions is well known. Cantonnet 1 demonstrated that the ocular volume diminished after the intravenous injection of hypertonic salt solution. Hertel 2 showed in animals that the decreased tension produced by injections of hypertonic saline solution was accompanied by a decreased water content of the eyes. The clinical usefulness of the hydrophilic character of hypertonic solutions has found application in various fields of therapy, including that of ophthalmology. However, many ophthalmologists have not taken full advantage of osmotic therapy. The possession of an additional means of lowering intraocular tension when methods ordinarily used either are contraindicated or are inadequate is a valuable asset. This is particularly apparent when intraocular tension cannot be controlled immediately after an operative procedure on the eye ; in this case inflammation and tenderness are so

Renal changes in the rabbit resulting from intravenous injection of hypertonic solution of sucrose

Renal changes in the rabbit resulting from intravenous injection of hypertonic solution of sucrose

THE EFFECT OF HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PRESSURE

This investigation has been undertaken in an endeavor to study the course of the spinal fluid pressure following the intravenous injection of hypertonic solutions. Of special interest was the recurrence of pressure symptoms and occasional death after apparent clinical improvement in cases of increased intracranial pressure in which treatment with intravenous hypertonic solutions was used, as pointed out by Browder 1 and Foley. 2 One man and a series of dogs were studied with regard to the effect of hypertonic solutions on the spinal fluid pressure. In 1901, Cannon 3 formulated the theory of the mechanism of cerebral edema, essentially as follows: 1. Edema causes pressure on the vessels, which is transmitted to the arteries and veins, causing an increased blood pressure, with increased transudation and further increase in blood pressure, resulting in a vicious circle leading ultimately to anemia of the brain from vascular compression. 2. At the moment

Effect of Hypertonic Solutions on Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure with Special Reference to Secondary Rise and Toxicity.

The effect of hypertonic solution on the spinal fluid pressure is of vital importance from a clinical standpoint, since Weed and McKibben1 show that the cerebrospinal fluid volume could be reduced by intravenous injection of hypertonic solution. Cushing and Foley2 and Foley and Putnam3 applied this observation to clinical cases of increased intracranial pressure and it was immediately recognized of importance in the treating of head injuries. However, Browder4 among others pointed out from clinical observations: first, the toxicity of NaCl solution, and second, the occasional deaths that occur after a short period of clinical improvement after intravenous administration of hypertonic solution in cases of head injuries with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure.Our experiments were carried out on a series of 10 dogs and one man. We used various concentrations of NaCl and of glucose. The results were uniform. First, it was demonstrated that hypertonic saline has a definitely toxic effect, which in con...

The disappearance of intraventricular heart-block occurring in uremia following the intravenous injection of hypertonic glucose solution

Report has been made of the disappearance of intraventricular heart-block occurring in the course of uremia following the intravenous injection of hypertonic solution of glucose.

REDUCTION OF NORMAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PRESSURE BY INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS

In 1919, Weed and McKibben 1 called attention to the fact that it was possible to decrease the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid experimentally by the intravenous injection of hypertonic solutions. Since the publication of their paper a number of workers have confirmed their findings and contributed some further observations. Haden 2 was the first to publish his clinical application of this principle. He administered a concentrated glucose solution to two patients with meningitis and obtained some improvement in their condition, which he attributed to a lowering of the intracranial tension. Cushing and Foley 3 followed this with a demonstration of the possibility of decreasing the brain volume by the intravenous injection of hypertonic solutions. These authors further found that a similar diminution in brain bulk and decrease in intracranial pressure could be obtained by the introduction of hypertonic solutions into the stomach or intestine. Hypotonic solutions, which had been