Intravenous Bags Research Articles

Incompatibility of diazepam injection in plastic intravenous bags

Incompatibility of diazepam injection in plastic intravenous bags

Parenteral Nutrition at Home for 5 Years Via Arteriovenous Fistulae

On March 26, 1970, a 33-year-old male suffered intestinal infarction which required total enterectomy and duodeno-transverse colostomy. Nutrition was maintained in the hospital by daily parenteral feeding for 2 months postoperatively, after which parenteral feedings were decreased and stopped for long periods. Various oral dietary regimens failed to provide adequate nutrition, and the patient lost 40 kg and became severely malnourished during the next 13 months. In June 1971, supplemental home parenteral nutrition (PN) via an arteriovenous fistula was instituted on a 3 or 4 nights per week basis. The patient's weight and strength increased markedly after institution of the home supplemental PN program. The first fistula became occluded after 9.5 months of home PN use and subsequent successive fistulae have remained patent for 31.3, 8.8, and 5.5 months of use. The patient prepares his own PN fluids at home, using a commercial device for filling plastic intravenous fluid bags. Although several different types of fluid have been used, the current mixture of 25% glucose and 2.75% amino acids with added vitamins, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and insulin plus simultaneously administered lipid emulsion has proven most effective. Only when the patient's low fat, low oxalate diet is supplemented with this parenteral mixture 4 nights each week is he in positive nitrogen, phosphorus, and magnesium balance. However, his negative calcium balance is only partially corrected. There has been no sepsis, embolism, or fistula infection during 5 years of home PN.

Plasticizer Delivered from Polyvinyl Chloride Intravenous Bags

Plasticizer Delivered from Polyvinyl Chloride Intravenous Bags

Pp. xvi + 138. No price stated Leon Gordis, Epidemiology of Chronic Lung Diseases in Children , Johns Hopkins University Press, Chicago (1973).

The purpose of this in vitro study was to comparefour methods of warming intravenous fluid (IVF) with a control of unwarmed IVF at flow rates of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ml/hr.A 5×5 factorial experimental design was used toevaluate the methods of warming IVF and the control at varied flow rates.The methods of warming IVF in this study includedthe following: (1) the Level 1 System 250 fluid warmer with D-60HL tubing (Level 1 Technologies, Inc., Rockland, Mass.); (2) the Level 1 System 250 fluid warmer with D-50 tubing (Level 1 Technologies, Inc.); (3) the Hotline fluid warmer with L-70 tubing (Level 1 Technologies, Inc.); and (4) the Baxter DW 1000 D blood fluid warmer with blood cuff set tubing (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Valencia, Calif.). The IVF temperatures were measured with thermocouples at three points: (1) in the intravenous solution bag, (2) in the tubing after the infusion pump, and (3) 2 cm proximal to the end of the tubing. Ambient temperature and the temperature at the three measurement points were recorded when the temperature at the point 2 cm proximal to the end of the tubing was stable for 3 minutes.With single-lumen tubing, fluids flowing at low rates(e.g., 200 ml/hr) were barely warm at the end of the tubing. In contrast, fluid warmed with triple-lumen technology was consistently kept warm throughout the tubing.

Interactions between drugs and plastic intravenous fluid bags, part ii: leaching of chemicals from bags containing various solvent media

Interactions between drugs and plastic intravenous fluid bags, part ii: leaching of chemicals from bags containing various solvent media

Interactions between drugs and plastic intravenous fluid bags, part i: Sorption studies on 17 drugs

Interactions between drugs and plastic intravenous fluid bags, part i: Sorption studies on 17 drugs

Leaching of chemicals from plastic intravenous fluid bags.

To the Editor.— We have previously reported 1 that Vitamin A could disappear rapidly from the solutions stored in the polyvinyl chloride plastic intravenous fluid bags that are marketed under the trade name, Viaflex, by Baxter-Travenol. In light of a recent study 2 showing that a rather significant amount of the plasticizer, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEH-phthalate), leached at a constant rate into the blood from the plastic blood bags also marketed by the same company, we have conducted some preliminary investigations as to the possible leaching of chemicals from the Viaflex fluid bags. In this preliminary phase of the study, the ultraviolet absorption spectra of solutions (200 ml) stored in 250-ml bags were recorded as a function of time. The samples were kept at room temperature (24 ± 2 C), and the solutions stored in volumetric flasks served as controls. The ultraviolet absorbencies of distilled water, normal saline, and 5% dextrose solution

Interaction Between Vitamin A and Plastic Intravenous Fluid Bags

To the Editor.— Since the introduction of the flexible plastic intravenous fluid bags (Viaflex, marketed by Travenol Laboratories, Inc., Morton Grove, Ill) in 1971, their use in this country has received wide acceptance. There are some advantages of these bags over the traditional glass counterparts such as being lighter in weight, easier to store, and relatively unbreakable. However, their potential clinical problems such as sorption of drugs and leaching of chemicals from the bags do not appear to have been critically evaluated and reported in the literature. In our preliminary study on the sorption of some commonly used vitamins onto the bags, we were surprised to find that vitamin A (in the form of retinol acetate), at concentrations within the clinically used range, was strongly sorbed onto the bags. For example, 78% of 200 ml aqueous solution (with an initial concentration of 3μg per ml solubilized in 0.01% polysorbate 80)