Intrauterine Insemination Success Research Articles

Exploring the Impact of Paternal B12 Levels During the Periconceptional Period on IUI Success

Background: The present study is a novel exploration of the effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on seminal fluid parameters and the outcomes of intrauterine insemination (IUI). Specifically, we aimed to evaluate the concentrations of vitamin B12 in blood and seminal plasma before and after two months of supplementation. Objectives: investigate the effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on the characteristics of seminal fluid parameters and IUI outcomes. Material and Methods: A randomized controlled experiment with 100 randomly selected infertile couples. The patients were divided into two equal groups according to their vitamin B12 dosage. Group A consists of 50 couples who are taking B12 supplements. Obtain blood and seminal plasma samples from couples to measure the level of vitamin B12. Group B consists of 50 couples and does not include any supplements. The couples in group B initiated ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination (IUI) during the same month as the medical examination without the use of any additional supplements. Still, after two months of vitamin B12 supplement, group A started ovulation induction. Result: Basal semen parameters for sperm count, sperm motility in grades, and sperm morphology in the study group have a higher sperm count than the control group. Vitamin B12 intake for two months improves sperm morphology and increases sperm motility in grades A and B, according to the current study. This has a favorable effect on sperm count overall. Conclusion: research will determine the positive effect of vitamin B12 supplements on sperm parameters and IUI results.

Sperm Morphology of Post-wash Sample and Its Association with Clinical Pregnancy among the Couples Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination: A Cohort Study.

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is an effective and inexpensive method of managing patients with unexplained and male factor infertility. It is attempted before proceeding to more invasive assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Numerous semen parameters have been assessed to indicate successful outcomes with IUI. It is debatable to what extent morphological parameters influence the IUI success. We aimed to study the association of sperm morphology and other semen parameters in post-wash inseminated samples with clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) among the couples undergoing IUI. This was a prospective cohort study conducted between March 2022 and January 2024 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women and Children's Hospital, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry. A total of 127 couples presenting with infertility (underwent 246 IUI cycles) were included after written informed consent from study participants, semen collection was done and pre-wash and post-wash semen were analysed as per the World Health Organization Sixth Edition Laboratory Manual for sperm morphology. Demographic data, semen analysis parameters and CPR results were compared and analysed using SPSS version 19.0. Among 246 IUI cycles, post-wash sperm morphology was normal in 47.6% and teratozoospermia was noted in 52.4%. Clinical pregnancy was reported in 10.6% (n = 26) of couples, of which 6.1% (n = 15) had post-wash normal sperm morphology and 4.5% (n = 11) had post-wash teratozoospermia. When categorised by strict morphology ≤1%, 2%-3%, 4%-5% and ≥5%, the CPR was 0.0%, 12.0%, 12.6% and 12.9%, respectively. Even though clinical pregnancy was noted only with >1% sperm morphology, there was no significant association between sperm morphology and CPR. No significant differences in CPR were noted following IUI in couples with post-wash normal and abnormal sperm morphology. Hence, the current study findings suggest that sperm morphology should not be a criterion to exclude couples from undergoing IUI.

An evaluation of couples undergoing intrauterine insemination at the BioART Fertility Centre, Johannesburg

Objective: To describe couples who underwent intrauterine insemination (IUI) and determine predictors of successful IUI in low and middle-income countries. Background: Assisted reproductive technology is still largely unavailable or inaccessible in most low and middle-income countries. IUI, which consists of the deposition of processed sperm from the partner or donor into the cavity of the uterus around ovulation time, is one of the oldest methods used and is still widely practiced to this day. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was done at the BioArt Fertility Centre from January 2019 to June 2021. In total, 451 IUI cycles were analyzed in 273 couples. The main outcome measure was a clinical pregnancy on transvaginal ultrasound 4 weeks post-IUI. Multivariate logistic regression was done to find predictors of successful IUI. Results: The mean male age was 37.15 years (SD ± 5.16), with most male participants having a processed total motile sperm count (PTMSC) of >39×106/mL. The mean female age was 33.51 years (SD ± 4.83). The main etiology of infertility was ovulatory dysfunction (37.7%). The clinical pregnancy rate and the live birth rate per cycle were 12.4% and 11.9%, respectively, for a cumulative pregnancy rate of 21.6% for couples that underwent 3 cycles. The PTMSC, female age, duration of infertility, and follicle size were directly correlated with an increased pregnancy rate (P < 0.05). Conclusion: IUI is an effective choice of therapy for infertility in selected couples, achieving acceptable pregnancy rates for up to 3 treatment cycles, especially in females <40 years with <5 years duration of infertility, and in males with a PTMSC of >39×106/mL.

Role of genetic variations and protein expression of β-Microsemino protein in intrauterine insemination outcome of unexplained infertile men: A case-control study.

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is often the first-line treatment for unexplained infertility. -Microsemino protein (MSMB) is an abundant protein in seminal plasma that has an inhibitory effect on spontaneous acrosome reaction. The present study aimed to evaluate MSMB gene variations and protein expression on IUI success rate in unexplained infertile men. A case-control study was performed on 100 unexplained infertile Iranian men referred to the Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran for IUI (50 men with IUI positive result [IUI+], and 50 men with IUI negative result [IUI-]). Couples with female infertility factors (such as hormonal disorders, infrequent menstrual period, abnormality in uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries) and men with infections of the male accessory glands, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, clinical varicocele, retractile testis, genital trauma, drug use, or concurrent hormonal treatment Y chromosome microdeletions, and abnormal karyotype were excluded from the study. The polymerase chain reaction sequencing was performed for the promoter and the coding regions of MSMB functional domains. To study the protein expression, the total protein of sperm was extracted, and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed. 4 variations were detected (rs12770171, rs10993994, rs2075894, and rs4517463). None of them showed significant differences between the IUI+ and IUI- groups. The mean value of protein expression did not show any differences between the groups. In conclusion, there is no association between genetic variations of promoter and coding regions of MSMB functional domains as well as its expression with IUI success in unexplained infertile men.

Predictive Value of Teratospermia During Initial Sperm Analysis on the Success of Intrauterine Insemination Cycles

ObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive value of sperm morphology, specifically teratospermia, seen during initial semen analysis on the success of intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles and pregnancy outcomes. MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis on patients undergoing IUI at a large US fertility network. Baseline demographic characteristics, primary infertility diagnoses, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. A total of 27,925 IUI cycles in 16,169 unique patients were analyzed. IUI cycles were grouped by a sperm morphology of 1% (n=3,799), 2% (n=5,506), 3% (n=4,857), or 4% or greater (n=13,763). The outcome measures were pregnancy rate (positive pregnancy test), clinical pregnancy rate (ultrasound confirmation of a gestational sac with a yolk sac around 5-6 weeks), live birth rate, and miscarriage rate. ResultsSperm morphology is a significant predictor of pregnancy rate (p= <0.001), clinical pregnancy rate (p=0.011), and live birth rate (p=0.026) following IUI. In each of these outcome measures, patients with 1% normal forms had the lowest percentage of success, and patients with 4% or greater normal forms had the most success. Relative outcome percentages, however, were similar in each group. Live birth rates in the 1%, 2%, 3% and > 4% group were 12.3%, 13.1%, 12.7% and 13.9%, respectively. Sperm morphology is not a significant predictor of miscarriage rate per clinical pregnancy post IUI (p=0.054). ConclusionsSperm morphology was a statistically significant predictor of pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth but not miscarriage rate after an IUI cycle. Higher morphology percentages were associated with increasingly favorable outcomes. However, the small observed differences did not demonstrate clinical significance.

Clinical Outcomes of Intrauterine Insemination for Male Infertility in Brunei Darussalam

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the factors influencing the success of Intrauterine insemination (IUI) in infertile patients due to male causes in Brunei Darussalam.Methodology: Pre-diagnosed male infertility patients of all ages were included in this retrospective cohort analysis from the “Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha (RIPAS) Hospital's” Brunei Darussalam between January 2015 and December 2020. South Asian criteria were used for BMI categorization. Statistical evaluation of the data was conducted utilizing R-studio.Results: Out of 240 research participants, 92.1% were Malay. IUI resulted as a successful pregnancy for 18 males (7.5%), while 222 subjects (92.5%) had unsuccessful conception. The semen parameters were correlated with age and BMI. Although the difference was statistically insignificant, the male subjects with successful outcomes after IUI were young, BMI was less, and the semen quality variables were better than the male subjects who had unsuccessful outcomes.Conclusion: The male study subjects with the outcome of successful IUI resulting in pregnancy were younger, and had lower BMI and better semen parameters than the group in which IUI failed to result in pregnancy.

Lower Seminal Oxytocin Levels have a Positive Association with Successful Intrauterine Insemination

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide that is mostly recognized for its role in parturition and lactation. Oxytocin and its receptor are also present in the reproductive tracts of males and females and is understood to support sperm transport in both as well.

Cumulative live birth rates following intrauterine insemination using donor and husband sperm in different age groups: Acohort study of 10 415 insemination cycles.

To assess the age-specific cumulative live birth rates (CLBRs) in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles using either donor or husband sperm, and to investigate the impact of sperm sources on IUI success among women within the same age group. This retrospective cohort study comprised women who underwent IUI with donor sperm (IUI-D) or husband sperm (IUI-H) from 2017 to 2021. The women were stratified based on their age at the initiation of insemination into four categories: <35, 35-37, 38-39 and ≥40 years. A total of 5253 women undergoing 10 415 insemination cycles (3354 with IUI-D and 7061 with IUI-H) were included. The CLBRs decreased significantly with increasing maternal age within donor and husband insemination groups (P < 0.001). In the IUI-D group, the crude CLBRs were 61.50% in women aged <35, 48.91% in 35-37, 24.14% in 38-39 and 11.76% in the ≥40-year age category, respectively. The corresponding rates in the IUI-H group were 27.62%, 22.96%, 13.73% and 6.90%, respectively. Within the <35 and 35-37-year age categories, the CLBRs were significantly higher following IUI-D cycles compared to IUI-H cycles, with hazard ratios (HR) of 1.85 (1.68-2.04) and 1.69 (1.16-2.47), respectively. However, within the 38-39 and ≥40-year age categories, both IUI-D and IUI-H resulted in comparable low CLBRs, with HRs of 1.91 (0.77-4.76) and 1.80 (0.33-9.86), respectively. Advanced maternal age affects the whole process of fertility. Therefore, it could be reasonable to limit the number of IUI performed in women aged 40 years and older, even in couple using donor sperm for reproduction.

Outcome of intrauterine insemination in couples with unexplained or male factor infertility at National Referral Hospital of Bhutan

Objectives: Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH) is the only facility offering intrauterine insemination (IUI) services in the country. In this study, we aim to study the success rate of IUI for the year 2022. Material and Methods: This retrospective study utilized secondary data extracted from the medical records of a cohort of 57 patients who underwent IUI procedures at the infertility clinic between January and December 2022. Ethical clearance and site approval were obtained from the Institutional Review Board at Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan and JDWNRH, respectively. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0 by IBM Corp in Armonk, NY, was used to calculate frequencies, percentages and create statistical diagrams. Results: In the year 2022, the overall success rate of IUI was 5.3%. A majority of infertile men, representing 78.9%, fell within the age range of 30–39 years, and oligozoospermia emerged as the most common semen abnormality, affecting 45.6% of the infertile men in this study. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the IUI success rate in the country was 5.3%. This success rate of IUI in the country was found to be low compared to the success rate in neighboring countries. This is important information for patients to make informed decisions, aids fertility specialists in devising treatment plans, directs the allocation of resources, drives research and development initiatives, and informs policy and strategic adjustments at the national level.

Gene Sequence of Rubella Virus Infection in Serum of Wives That Correlate to Intrauterine Insemination Success Rate in Baghdad's Population Couples

The current study focused on the prevalence of Rubella virus disease among wives who underwent the process of artificial insemination (IUI) and its relationship to the elevated proportion of free radicals in the blood plasma and its correlation with water pollution in the spreading of the disease for the period from 15/2/2022 to 1/2/2023 in private laboratory for IUI procedure (AL- Amal). The study included 60 women who underwent (IUI) procedure and have positive results for Rubella virus (IgG and IgM) compared to wives who tested negative for Rubella virus for ages groups from 20 to 35 years.

Intrauterine insemination: prognostic factors.

To evaluate the impact of possible maternal and paternal prognostic factors and ovarian stimulation protocols on clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles. Retrospective observational study of 341 IUI cycles performed from January 2016 to November 2020 at the Assisted Reproduction Service of the Clinics Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo. Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates and their potential prognostic factors were evaluated. Wilcoxon's non-parametric test was used to compare quantitative variables, and the chi-square test to compare qualitative variables, adopting a significance level of p<0.05. A logistic regression model was performed to verify which exploratory variables are predictive factors for pregnancy outcome. The ovulation induction protocol using gonadotropins plus letrozole (p=0.0097; OR 4.3286, CI 1.3040 - 14.3684) and post-capacitation progressive sperm ≥ 5million/mL (p=0.0253) showed a statistically significant correlation with the live birth rate. Female and male age, etiology of infertility, obesity, multifollicular growth, endometrial thickness ≥ 7 mm, and time between human chorionic gonadotropin administration and IUI performance were not associated with the primary outcomes. In the group of patients with ideal characteristics (women aged< 40 years, BMI < 30 kg/m2, antral follicle count ≥ 5, partner aged< 45 years, and post-capacitation semen with progressive spermatozoa ≥ 5 million/mL), the rate of clinical pregnancy was 14.8%, while that of live birth, 9.9%. In this study, the ovulation induction protocol with gonadotropins plus letrozole and post-capacitation progressive sperm ≥ 5 million/mL were the only variables that significantly correlated with intrauterine insemination success.

Determinant Factors for Ongoing Pregnancy in Homologous Intrauterine Insemination Cycles - A Prospective Study.

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is the most common assisted-reproduction treatment. However, it has lower success rate in comparison to other treatments. Therefore, determining factors that contribute to IUI success is of particular interest and this was the purpose of this prospective study. In this study, only homologous inseminations with fresh semen samples were included. All women received mild ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins. Before IUI, basic semen analysis, evaluation of DNA fragmentation index (DFI), as well as measurement of sperm redox potential, were performed on each semen sample. Semen was processed with density-gradient centrifugation and 500 μl of processed sperm was used for insemination. In 200 cycles, there were 36 pregnancies, six of them ectopic. Cycles with ongoing pregnancies were characterized by younger male and female age and higher number of follicles. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only female age was significantly associated with ongoing pregnancy. DFI was positively correlated with male age and negatively correlated with sperm concentration and progressive motility. Semen redox potential showed a strong negative correlation with sperm concentration and positive correlation with DFI. Female age seems to be the most important determinant factor for the achievement of an ongoing pregnancy in homologous IUI cycles with fresh semen.

SPERM PARAMETERS' PREDICTIVE VALUE IN INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION SUCCESS: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE

Although intrauterine insemination is a widely used assisted reproductive technique there is no consensus on sperm parameters that affect the probability of pregnancy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether semen parameters affect intrauterine insemination success. A total of 403 couples (345 negative pregnancies, and 58 positive pregnancy) that underwent 549 intrauterine insemination treatment cycles for heterogenous indications were included in the study. Clomiphen citrate, letrazole and/or gonadotropins were used for ovarian stimulation in women in this study. The spermiogram tests of the spouse of receiving IUI tretment were examined. Clinical pregnancy occurred in 58 of 549 intrauterine insemination (10.56%). Unexplained infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, and cervical-tubal factors were higher in positive pregnancy group compared to negative pregnancy group while male factor was more prevalant in negative pregnancy group comparison to positive pregnancy group (p=0.03). There was no statistical difference between women with positive and negative pregnancy in terms of age (≤ 35 and &gt; 35), body mass index, infertility type, infertility time, endometrial thickness on HCG day, stimulation protocol, cycle numbers, number of insemination, estradiol, prolactin, LH, FSH, and TSH levels (p&gt;0.05). The sperm characteristics in males [ejaculate volum, sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility, immotility, and total progressive motile sperm count] did not significantly differed between positive and negative pregnancy groups (p&gt;0.05).&#x0D; Briefly, the present study found that the conception probability of intrauterine insemination did not correlate with the spermiogram parameters.

Is There Any Effect of Change in Pre-Wash and Post-Wash Semen Parameters on the Success of Intrauterine Insemination?

(1) Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of change in pre-wash and post-wash semen parameters on intrauterine insemination (IUI) success in a homogenous study group. (2) Methods: IUI cycles conducted at an infertility clinic were included in this study. Patient records were examined retrospectively. Δ sperm count (per mL) was calculated as [pre-wash sperm count (per mL)-post-wash sperm count (per mL)]. Δ Total progressive motile sperm count (TPMSC) was also calculated as (post-wash TPMSC-pre-wash TPMSC). (3) Results: No statistically significant difference was detected in terms of Δ sperm count (p = 0.38), and Δ TPMSC (p = 0.76) regarding the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR). There was no statistically significant difference between CPR (+) and CPR (-) groups in terms of post-wash sperm count, TPMSC, TPMSC ≥ 10 × 10⁶, TPMSC ≥ 5 × 10⁶ (p = 0.65, p = 0.79, p = 0.49, p = 0.49, respectively). The live birth rate (LBR) showed no statistically significant differences except for a pre-wash TPMSC ≥ 10 × 10⁶ (p = 0.02). Through the performed ROC analysis, no statistically significant cutoff value could be set for the pre-wash TPMSC. (4) Conclusions: There is only a pre-wash TPMSC ≥ 10 × 10⁶ that showed a significant role in the success of IUI, even when considering all other pre-wash and post-wash semen parameters. Δ sperm count and Δ are not useful markers for IUI success.

The importance of sperm DNA fragmentation in the choice of a method for the treatment of male infertility using assisted reproductive technologies

Background. Sperm DNA fragmentation is an important marker of male fertility and may influence the outcome of the infertility treatment based on assisted reproductive technologies. Numerous studies have been done to assess the effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on reproductive outcomes, however the extent of this effect with various assisted reproductive technologies remains a matter of debate.Materials and methods. Search, analysis and systematization of publications in the PubMed and eLIBRARY databases using the keywords: male infertility, sperm DNA fragmentation, intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection. We have selected 49 sources that are included in this literature review.Results and discussion. The presence of a high level of sperm DNA fragmentation is associated with a low probability of natural pregnancy, as well as a low frequency of successful intrauterine insemination. The high level of sperm DNA fragmentation appears to have a negative impact on the reproductive outcomes of in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), but the degree of this effect on the results of ICSI is less pronounced. ICSI with testicular spermatozoa can be used in treatment of male infertility associated with high sperm DNA fragmentation, however, the data on the advantage of this approach over standard ICSI are contradictory.Conclusion. High level of sperm DNA fragmentation associated with the low likelihood of natural pregnancy and success of intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization. More large, well-designed studies are needed to establish the role of ICSI with testicular sperm in the treatment of patients with high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation.

Fertility treatment outcomes in transgender men with a history of testosterone therapy

To evaluate fertility treatment outcomes among transgender (TG) men with a history of gender-affirming hormone therapy with exogenous testosterone. Descriptive, retrospective cohort study. Transgender men with a history of gender-affirming hormone therapy with exogenous testosterone underwent fertility treatments, including embryo cryopreservation, invitro fertilization (IVF), co-IVF, oocyte cryopreservation, and intrauterine insemination (IUI), between 2013 and 2021. Gender-affirming hormone therapy with testosterone. Live births (LBs), number of frozen embryos, and number of frozen oocytes. Other outcome measures included total gonadotropin used, peak estradiol levels, oocytes retrieved, oocyte maturity rate, fertilization rate, and embryo grade. A total of 77 TG men self-presented or were referred to care at a single academic fertility center, of which 46 (59.7%) TG men underwent fertility preservation and/or family-building counseling, with 16 (20.8%) patients proceeding to fertility treatment. Of those patients who underwent treatment, 11 (68.8%) had a history of gender-affirming hormone therapy with exogenous testosterone use. Cohort 1 included IVF (n = 1), co-IVF (n = 1), embryo cryopreservation (n = 2), cohort 2 included oocyte cryopreservation (n = 4), and cohort 3 included IUI (n = 3). In cohort 1, both the patients who underwent IVF and the patients who underwent co-IVF achieved LBs. All embryo cryopreservation cycles froze three or more embryos. In cohort 2, the average number of frozen mature oocytes was 19.3 ± 16.2 (range 6-43). All patients who underwent IUI cycles achieved LB. In this study, no correlation existed between patient age, time on or off gender-affirming hormone therapy with exogenous testosterone, total gonadotropin used, and number of oocytes retrieved. All patients who completed IVF or embryo cryopreservation produced high-quality blastocytes, and this is the first study to show successful IUI cycles in patients with a history of gender-affirming hormone therapy with exogenous testosterone. This study demonstrates that TG men who have used gender-affirming hormone therapy previously can successfully undergo fertility treatments to attain oocyte and embryo cryopreservation, pregnancy, and LBs.

Association between follicle size, endometrial thickness, and types of ovarian stimulation (Clomiphene citrate and Letrozole) with biochemical pregnancy rate in women undergone intrauterine insemination

ObjectiveThere was also a lack of data regarding the effect of follicle size, endometrial thickness, and ovarian stimulation as predictors of intrauterine insemination (IUI) success rate in Indonesia, especially in the Aster Clinic and Bandung Fertility Centre. This study was performed to explore the relationship between follicle size, endometrial thickness, and types of ovarian stimulation (Clomiphene citrate/CC vs Letrozole) with biochemical pregnancy rate in women undergone IUI. We performed a case–control study in 122 women aged 20–40 years with unexplained infertility who had completed the IUI program for a maximum of three cycles. Data were extracted from medical records. Independent T-test and multivariate analyses were used to analyse the difference between variables using IBM SPSS 24.0. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultFollicle sizes of 18–22 mm in both Clomiphene citrate (CC) and Letrozole groups were shown to increase biochemical pregnancy rate (P = 0.001). There is no relationship between endometrial thickness and pregnancy rate. Biochemical pregnancy rate in women using Letrozole was 1.513 times higher than women using CC. The follicle size of 18–22 mm and using Letrozole rather than CC as ovarian stimulators are predictive factors associated with a higher pregnancy rate in women undergone IUI.

Pregnancy among Women Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination in a Centre.

Intrauterine insemination is often performed as the first-line treatment option in many subfertility cases. Successful intrauterine insemination treatment among indicated couples helps to reduce unnecessary in-vitro fertilisation treatment. Although widely practised, the data on pregnancy after intrauterine insemination treatment is limited. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of pregnancy among women undergoing intrauterine insemination in a centre. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a centre among women undergoing intrauterine insemination. Data from 15 May 2017 to 15 April 2021 were collected between 16 June 2022 to 1 July 2022 from the hospital records. Ethical approval was taken from the Nepal Health Research Council. Systematic sampling technique was applied to select the appropriate sample. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Among 225 women undergoing intrauterine insemination, pregnancy was achieved in 23 (10.22%) (6.26-14.18, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age of pregnant women was 29.17±3.34 years and the mean duration of infertility was 3.93±2.90 years. More than half of the pregnant women 13 (56.52%) had undergone insemination with the husband's semen whereas the remaining 10 women (43.48%) had undergone insemination with donor semen. The prevalence of pregnancy among women undergoing intrauterine insemination was similar to other studies done in similar settings. artificial insemination; Nepal; pregnancy rate.

Leukospermia in Infertile Men and Successful Intrauterine Insemination at Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Puri Bunda Denpasar

Infertility is a condition after a year of regular sexual intercourse, without the use of contraceptives, and ends with the absence of pregnancy. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is a procedure that is widely used in fertility clinics and is usually the first treatment option in patients who are experiencing infertility disorders, diagnosis of infertility due to cervical factors, diagnosis of factor infertility in men, and diagnosis of unexplained infertility. the cause. IUI is also a simple, inexpensive, and quite effective infertility treatment. One of the factors that can influence the success of IUI is leukospermia. This study is an analytical study using a cross-sectional design and using medical records of patients diagnosed with infertility, aged from 25 to 45 years, and undergoing IUI procedures from January to June 2022 at the RSIA Puri Bunda Denpasar. The sampling method in this study used a purposive sampling method which was selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this study, 53 samples were obtained. Of the 53 samples that have been collected, 13 people experienced leukospermia (24.5%), 40 people were non-leukospermic (75.5%). The success of IUI in this study was 17 people (32.1%) consisting of 3 leukospermic (23.1%) and 14 non-leukospermic (35.0%). The results of the Fisher's Exact test obtained, namely the p value = 0.511, it can be concluded that leukospermia with the success of IUI does not have a significant relationship. Calculation of odds ratio (OR) obtained a figure of 1.759 (CI95% 0,423-7,610).

Reproductive inequity and inferior intrauterine insemination outcomes in patients with limited English proficiency: a retrospective cohort study

To evaluate if language preference influences intrauterine insemination outcomes. Retrospective cohort. The study was conducted at an urban medical center in New York from January 2016 to August 2021. All women older than 18 years undergoing their first IUI cycle with an infertility diagnosis were included. Intrauterine insemination after ovarian stimulation. Primary outcomes were intrauterine insemination success rate and duration of infertility before seeking infertility care. The primary outcomes used the Kaplan-Meier estimator to investigate the difference in duration of infertility before specialty consultation and logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of clinical pregnancy among English speakers vs. those with limited English proficiency (LEP) undergoing initial IUI. Secondary outcomes included final IUI outcomes compared by language preference. Adjusted analyses controlled for race/ethnicity. A total of 406 patients were included in this study, of which 86% preferred English, 7.6% preferred Spanish, and 5.2% preferred other. Patients with LEP have longer duration of infertility before seeking infertility care than English-proficient women (mean 4.53 ± 3.65 years vs. 2.01 ± 1.58 years). Although clinical pregnancy rate of initial IUI did not significantly vary (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 0.68-12.47 unadjusted and OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 0.67-12.35 adjusted), the cumulative pregnancy rate was significantly higher in English-proficient patients than in LEP patients at the time of final IUI (22.32% vs. 15.38%). This is despite a similar number of total IUIs (2.40 English vs. 2.70 LEP). Additionally, LEP patients were significantly more likely to discontinue care after unsuccessful IUI, instead of proceeding to further fertility treatments such as invitro fertilization. Limited English proficiency is associated with longer duration of infertility before initiating care as well as poorer IUI outcomes, including lower cumulative pregnancy rate. Further research is needed to assess what clinical and socioeconomic factors are contributing to lower IUI success rates and lower continuation in infertility care in LEP patients.