Intra-sentential Switching Research Articles

Types of Code-Switching Found in The Friday Podcast

The objective of this study is to know the various types of code switching found in The Friday Podcast, especially in episode 213. Descriptive qualitative method is used to analyse the data. This study analyzed the different types of code switching using Appel & Muysken theory of Bilingualism, as presented in their book entitled Language Contact and Bilingualism (1987). There are three types of code switching stated by Appel & Muysken. The findings of this study revealed that all three types of Code Switching were discovered in The Friday Podcast. Intra-Sentential switching is the most common sort of code-switching occurrence in The Friday Podcast. Meanwhile, Intersentential-Switching is the speaker's least dominant data. For the conclusion, the reason why intrasentential-switching got the most occurrences in this podcast because the audience of this podcast is Indonesian people who are the majority of it not really fluent in English. The speakers in this podcast also using the familiar English terms that Indonesian society frequently heard.

Analysis On Code-Switching Encountered in The Conversation of Daniel Mananta and His Guest Stars on “Daniel Tetangga Kamu” Video Youtube Channel

This study aims to describe the type of code-switching encountered in the conversation of Daniel Mananta and his guest stars on “Daniel Tetangga Kamu” video Youtube channel. This research covered three types of code-switching as a discussion for further linguistic study on code-switching. A descriptive qualitative method is used for this study to analyze the data collected from three videos out of the videos uploaded of Daniel Mananta in youtube. The method is applied to give a clear description of the data according to the three types of code-switching by Poplack. Then, the data were sorted out of the selected corpora from video transcription. The result of this analysis showed that there were types of code-switching found in this conversation, including inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, and tag switching. Type of code-switching which is intra-sentential was the most frequently encountered in corpora with 111 data.

AN ANALYSIS OF CODE-MIXING AND CODE-SWITCHING USED BY RICH BRIAN AND NIKI IN NAJWA SHIHAB’S APA ADANYA RICH BRIAN & NIKI YOUTUBE VIDEO

The objectives of this research were to find out the types and reasons of code mixing and switching used by Rich Brian and NIKI in Najwa Shihab’s Apa Adanya Rich Brian NIKI YouTube Video. This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The utterances were analyzed and categorized into the framework developed by Hoffman who proposed types of code-switching and mixing. The results showed that intrasentential code switching appeared most often with a total of 46 times (42.9%). Meanwhile the rest were intrasentential mixing 34 times (31.7%), intrasentential switching 22 times (20.1%), intralexical mixing 4 times (3.7%), and the lowest frequency is tag switching 1 time (0.9%). The researcher found that there were only six reasons. Those were intention of clarifying the speech for interlocutor 66 times (61.6%), talking about a particular topic 29 times (27.1%), expressing group identity 4 times (3.7%), interjection and repetition used for clarification 3 times (2.8%), and last being emphatic about something 2 times (1.8%). The findings demonstrate that Rich Brian and NIKI purposefully mix and switch their language to make sure that the message is as clear as possible to the interlocuter.

An Analysis of Using Code Switching by the Students in Learning English as a Foreign Language at MA Al Fatah Kota Mulya

This research aims to describe the types of code switching that occur in English language learning at MA Al Fatah Kota Mulya in four meetings. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative research. The subjects of this research were the eleventh-grade students. The object of this research is a speech on the use of code switching, which includes the types of code switching in English language learning at MA Al Fatah Kota Mulya. The results of the research show that there are 8 types of code switching in English language learning at MA Al Fatah Kota Mulya. Furthermore, all data is divided into 3 types of code switching: (1) intra-sentential switching occurred in 1 data (12,5%), (2) inter-sentential switching occurred in 3 data (37,5%), and (3) tag switching occurred in 4 data (50%). So, the most dominant type of code switching is tag switching.

The occurrence of code-switching in English as foreign language Classroom: An analysis of teacher’s and students’ conversations

Code-switching is an exciting phenomenon in the English classroom, especially in multilingual settings. While it is being practiced, several types of it have appeared. Dealing with the previous phenomenon, this research is intended to describe the types of code-switching used by the English teacher while conducting English classrooms. Descriptive research was used as the framework of this study to cope with the earlier goal. In collecting the data, the audio recording was used to record the classroom conversation and then transcribed into written form. After that, the data was analyzed. Furthermore, the findings highlight that the teacher uses three types of code-switching: tag-switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching. Also, this study reclassified the tag-switching into tag-switching with tag-phrase at the initial and the end of the sentence. Then, it regrouped inter-sentential switching into inter-sentential switching between clause and sentence and inter-sentential switching between two sentences. Last, it recategorized intra-sentential switching into intra-sentential switching with embedded words and intra-sentential switching with the inserted words. By describing the previous findings, it is hoped that types of code-switching can be clearly understood.

Revealing Language Choices in Instagram Ads for Local Beauty Brands

Instagram has now become a fascinating channel for promoting and marketing items. Each business found ways to adopt an array of methods to make its marketing engaging. Nevertheless, in terms of their language choice, this study examines language choice within bilingual Instagram ads, notably for local beauty products, drawing on Fasold's (1984) theory of language choice. It is further supported by Romaine's (1995) theory of code switching and Muysken's (2000) theory of code mixing. This study took a qualitative approach. The study collected data from 10 ad samples spanning the local beauty category. The study demonstrates data points on language choice, starting with several types of code switching (inter-sentential and intra-sentential) and code mixing (insertion, alternation, and congruence). According to this study's findings, intra-sentential switching and insertion were the most popular form language choices. Inter-sentential and alternation were the less prevalent forms.

TYPES OF CODE-SWITCHING FOUND ON NANA MIRDAD'S VIDEO BLOGS

The phenomenon of code-switching is often found in daily conversations by bilingual and multilingual families. One of the bilingual families in Indonesia is the Nana Mirdad family. In Nana Mirdad’s daily life, she often does code-switching on her video blogs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the types of code-switching found in Nana Mirdad’s video blogs on her YouTube Channel called The White's Family. This study used a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data, and the theory of Poplack (1980) and Romaine (1995) was used in this study. Based on the result of this study, the researcher found 123 data on the types of code-switching on Nana Mirdad's video blogs. The dominant type of code-switching found on Nana Mirdad’s video blogs on her YouTube Channel is Intra-sentential switching with occurrences of 56%.

The Effect of Syntactic Similarity on Intra-Sentential Switching Costs: Evidence from Chinese-English Bilinguals.

In order to better understand the role of syntactic similarity in a code-switched sentence, the current study explored the effect of similar and different syntactic structures on Chinese-English bilinguals' intra-sentential switching costs. L2 proficiency and switching directions as factors that potentially intervene in bilingual performance were together explored to see if there was any interaction. We manipulated the degree of syntactic similarity by utilizing clauses in active voice (greater similarity) and passive voice (lesser similarity). The study conducted a self-paced reading paradigm as a more natural language reading processing. Results showed overall longer reading times for active sentences than passive counterparts, which supported a syntactic similarity impediment rather than facilitation. The impediment seemed to be predominant irrespective of L2 proficiency. Furthermore, syntactic similarity modulated the asymmetry of switching costs between forward (L1-L2) and backward (L2-L1) direction: word RTs for the 1st and the 2nd switched word yielded greater costs in L2-L1 condition, while greater costs in L1-L2 condition was observed in 3rd switched word RTs and average RTs. The present study observed syntactic similarity impediment rather than facilitation for Chinese-English bilinguals. Notably, syntactic similarity plays a predominant role compared to L2 proficiency, and modulates the asymmetry between switching directions.

CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCHING USED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE WEB SERIES “LAYANGAN PUTUS”

This research was aimed at : (1) To find out the types of code mixing and code switching used in the Indonesian web series entitled “Layangan Putus” and (2) To find out the reasons of code mixing and code switching used in the Indonesian web series entitled “Layangan Putus”. This method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method, which describes and analyzes the utterances consisting of code mixing and code switching along with the reasons taken from “Layangan Putus” series. The technique of collecting data in this research used non-participant observation and documentation which are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences. To analyze the data, the researcher used qualitative data analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman. The result of this research showed that there were: 170 utterances of code mixing, 246 utterances of code switching, and 74 utterances of reasons used by the characters. Those 170 utterances of code mixing, it had 95 of insertion, 44 utterances of alternation, and 31 utterances of congruent lexicalization. Those 246 utterances of code switching, it had 17 utterances of tag-switching, 173 utterances of intra-sentential switching, and 56 utterances of inter-sentential switching. Those 74 utterances of the reasons, it had 34 utterances of talking about particular topic, 9 utterances of be emphatic about something, 8 utterances of interjection, 9 utterances of repetition used for clarification, and 14 utterances of intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor. Based on the result of this research, it can be concluded that insertion type in code mixing, intra-sentential type in code switching, and talking about particular topic were the most dominant used by the characters in “Layangan Putus” series. Keywords: Code Mixing, Code Switching, Descriptive Qualitative Research

Analyzing Code Switching Used as a Bridge of Misunderstanding in Classroom for Students at SMAN 1 Deli Tua

This research was directed to analyze (1) the types of code switching used in classroom during the English course (2) the reasons why teachers and students at SMA Negeri 1 DELI TUA using code switching in class and (3) the effect of code switching. The researcher adopted descriptive- qualitative method since the data dealt with words instead of numbers and applied Hoffman theory to analyze the problems. Technique for collecting data used by researcher was triangulations, those are observation, questionnaires, and interview. Intra sentential switching, Establishing continuity with previous speaker , and Emblematic got 22,22%, and each Inter sentential switching, Intra lexical and Involving a Change of Pronunciation are 11,11% percentages. There are several code switching occurred on the class and researcher placed based on the functions and they are 57,14% of Repetitive function, 28,57% of Interjection and the last is 14,28% for Quoting somebody else is found during the observation.

Code Switching and Code Mixing Practised By K-POP Idols Diaspora

The research discussed K-pop idols as ambassadors for brands, contributing to the global popularity of K-pop as a cultural phenomenon. Given their strong influence and popularity, it was fascinating to discern how K-Pop idols' diaspora communicates with each other. By using the descriptive-qualitative approach with the interpretive-explorative pattern, the research was intended to examine the practice of code-switching and code-mixing by K-pop idols' diaspora during their interaction, to enumerate the code-switching and code-mixing instances, as well as to study the reasons/motivations behind the use of using code-switching and code-mixing. The result of the data analysis confirmed that, like other bilinguals, K-Pop idol's diaspora utilize code switching and code mixing during their interaction for various underlying reasons. It is found that there are 19 inter-sentential switchings, 18 intra-sentential switching, four tag switching, 11 insertion code-mixing, four alternation code-mixing, and six congruent lexicalizations with different reasons or motivations. The research concluded that it is almost inevitable for bilinguals and multilinguals to practice code- switching and code-mixing to navigate language selection during their interaction.

A Sociolinguistics Analysis of English Code-Switching in YouTube Podcast

This research examined the instances of code-switching based on the theory of Hammers and Blanc (2003) in Deddy Corbuzier's podcast content with Cinta Laura Keihl on his own YouTube channel. It focuses solely on Deddy Corbuzier's utterance. Consequently, there are two goals of this study. The first objective was to determine the type of code-switching, and the second was to determine the frequency of each type to determine which type of code-switching Deddy Corbuzier uses most frequently. Considering the research's data and objectives, the researcher employed the qualitative descriptive method to conduct this research. The data was deemed qualitative because it consisted of written and spoken words as opposed to numbers. And to analyze the data, the writer uses a sociolinguistics approach. Based on the data findings, Deddy Corbuzier performed code-switching at least 79 times in the collected data: 39 times (49.36%) for intra-sentential switching, 36 times (45.56%) for inter-sentential switching, and 4 times (5.06%) for tag-switching. Thus, it can be seen that intra-sentential switching is the type of code-switching that most often appears, which is 39 times, or 49.36%.

Codeswitching from Indonesian to English Encountered in the Three Naila Farhana's YouTube Videos

This study aims at describing the types and functions of codeswitching encountered in Naila Fahana’s YouTube videos. The data were collected from Naila Farhana YouTube channel with three selected videos entitled Mau Tips Lancar Belajar Bahasa Inggris, Pelajari 5 Kunci Sukses (Be Fluent in English, learn 5 successful keys), Cara Bahasa Inggris Tanpa Ngeblank (Learn English without Going Blank), American Accent_ Cara Belajar Aksen Amerika (American Accent_ How to Learn American Accent). This research was a descriptive study in which the writer described types of codeswitching using a theory of Peter Stockwell and functions of codeswitching using a theory of Marasigan. In collecting the data, this study utilized human instrument in which the researcher as the main source. Then, the data were sorted out of the corpora from video transcriptions with 4,622 words in total. The findings of this study showed that the dominant type of codeswithing is intrasentential switching (IaSCS) with 102 data out of 123 data and the dominant function of codeswitching is message of qualification (MQ) with 50 data out of 123 data. This research covered three types and seven functions of codeswitching as a discussion for further linguistic study on codeswitching.

Code-switching in students’ group discussions in EFL classroom at a university level

Code-switching is an activity when a person switches their language in a speech. Some research have been conducted in the field of code switching, however, very little was done in looking both the types and the reasons of doing it in the group discussion context. This research focuses on exploring the types of code-switching used by the students in EFL classroom during group discussion and the reasons why the students used code-switching during group discussion in EFL classroom. The methodology used in this research was a descriptive qualitative. There were three participants in this research, two females and one male aged 21 to 24-year-old which was done in a private university of Yogyakarta. In collecting the data, the researcher used interview and follow-up questions. And the finding of this research found that there were three types of code-switching used by the EFL student, the first one is tag switching, inter-sentential switching, and the last one is intra-sentential switching. Furthermore there were three reasons why the participants used code-switching. The first one is feeling comfortable in using their mother tongue, lacking the target language proficiency, and the last one is holding the floor.

Types of Code Switching in the Conversation between the Tour Guide and the Visitors at Fatahillah Museum Jakarta

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The presence of social media has influenced the use of foreign languages, especially English, in daily communication, especially among Generation Y or the millennials. The use of foreign languages is very diverse, ranging from the use of technological terms such as download, print, copy and paste, to the combination of basic Indonesian words with English affixes such as pelukable and unfaedah. The merging of the two languages is known as code switching and code mixing. This study is aimed at analyzing the types of code switching uttered by a tour guide at the Fatahillah museum in Jakarta. Analysis of the type of code switching is done by using Hoffman's theory. The results showed that there were three types of code switching; tag swiching, inter-sentential swictching and intra-sentential switching. There were also eighteen code switching utterances in the conversation between the tour guide and the museum visitors. And of the eighteen utterances, the most common type of code switching is tag code switching.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords: code switching, types of code switching</strong></p>

A Case Study on the Use of Humorous Code-Switching in Harith Iskander’ Stand-Up Comedy Shows

Code-switching is a phenomenon where bilingual and multilingual speakers use two or more languages. Code-switching is a common situation in Malaysia due to the diversified cultural communities. However, little that we know how code-switching influences stand-up comedy shows. Hence, this paper explores the use of code-switching in stand-up comedy shows. Specifically, this paper explores the humorous code-switching that a comedian uses, the different linguistic types of code-switching used, and the conversational functions of code-switching. Data from this case study was collected by observing the stand-up comedy show from YouTube videos by one of the best Malaysian comedians, Harith Iskander. A total of ten YouTube videos were chosen where Harith used humorous code-switching to make the audience laugh. The data were analysed according to the objectives of this study The analysis revealed three types of humour that aligned with superiority theory: self-deprecating humour, disparaging others, and sarcasm. We found that ad-lib humour and funny comments aligned with the theory of incongruity. The analysis also revealed one humour that aligns with the relief theory. This study used Poplack’s (2008) three types of code-switching, namely tag-switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching. Based on Gumperz's (1982), six conversational functions, four of which have been identified in Harith Iskander's stand-up comedy shows: quotation, reiteration, message qualification, and personification versus objectification. This also suggests that humorous code-switching is invaluable for stand-up comedians and the audience, particularly those who are bilingual or multilingual.

Code Switching Found in the Conversation between Bunga Citra Lestari and Daniel Mananta on “It’s Me BCL” YouTube Channel

This study concerned the types and reasons of code-switching on three videos between Bunga Citra Lestari and Daniel Mananta’s conversation. The data source were taken from Bunga Citra Lestari’s YouTube channel entitled “IT’S ME BCL”. The data analysis was conducted a descriptive qualitative method. This study showed 3 types of code switching that found in the findings by applying Poplack’s theory (1980) as cited in Romaine (1989). Those types included intra-sentential switching, tag switching, and inter-sentential switching. The most type of code switching that dominantly occurred in this study namely intra-sentential switching. Those were appeared along the conversation between Bunga Citra Lestari and Daniel Mananta which aimed to convey the motivations through words, clauses, and phrases that were comfortable to be conducted in the second language. Moreover, this study also focused on the reasons of code switching by applying the theory proposed by Hoffman (1991). Those reasons could be divided into talking about certain things, quoting somebody else, showing empathy, using interjection, repeating something, clarifying the speech, and expressing group identity. The most reason of code-switching that dominantly occurred between Bunga Citra Lestari and Daniel Mananta’s conversation was talking about certain things. Those were occurred during the role of Daniel Mananta who was being an interviewer was asking several questions to Bunga Citra Lestari who was being an interviewee that automatically built up their conversation.

Code-Switching in the Puella ID YouTube Channel by Cinta Laura

The phenomenon of code-switching is increasingly widespread due to the impact of social media such as YouTube, whose creators are bilingual. This study aims to identify the types of code-switching on Puella ID Youtube Channel by Cinta Laura and analyze the reason why the host and the speaker use code-switching in their conversation. In order to identify codeswitching, this research applied the theories proposed by Poplack (1980) as cited in Romaine (1989) to classify the types of Code-Switching and the second theory analysis of the reason for code-switching proposed by Hoffmann (1991). This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The end result of this research represented three types of code-switching and six out of seven reasons for code-switching were found. The dominant type that heaves in sight in this research is intra-sentential switching. Six reasons for codeswitching were found. The very dominant reason is the intention of clarifying the speech content for the interlocutor. The expression of the utterance is something used to point out something or also to lead up to connect between sentences or words so that it can easily be realized by the other person.

Analysis of Code Switching in Basboi Song“Happy Birthday”

This study uses a qualitative descriptive method.This study aims to analyze the types and reasons for using code switching in the Basboi song entitled Happy Birthday. The data source for this study was taken from the lyrics of the happy birthday song by Basboi. In analyzing the types of code switching, researchers use the theory of Romaine, namely inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching and tagswitching. After doing the analysis, there are 2 types of code switching found in this study, namely inter-sentential switching of 2 data, and intra-sentential switching of 9 data. In this research, there was only one reason for using code switching which was found, namely repetition of 1 data.

Code-switching used by English teachers in teaching EFL students

This study aims to investigate: (1) the types of code-switching used by English teachers in teaching the classroom; and (2) the frequency of code-switching functions used by English teachers in teaching activities. According to Poplack’s theory, there are three types of code-switching: inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, and tag switching. In addition, there are also three functions of code-switching that will be found in classroom activities according to Sert’s theory: topic switch, affective function, and repetitive function. This study was conducted using a qualitative method with a case study approach. The participant in this study was an English teacher at one of the Islamic junior high schools in Ciamis. To determine the participant, the writer used the purposive sampling technique. Data collection in this study was carried out through observation and recording. The writer conducted observation twice, and then recording was used to analyze the data. The results show: (1). The teacher did all the types of code-switching according to Poplack’s theory in her teaching activities, namely, inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, and tag switching. (2). The code-switching function that was dominantly used by English teachers was the topic switch function, with 109 cases, or 82%, while the results of affective and repetitive functions were equal.