Intragroup Changes Research Articles

Texture Analysis of Cartilage Repair Tissue Maturation: Comparison of Two Cartilage Repair Methods and Correlation with MOCART 2.0.

The objective of this study was to assess the maturation of matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) grafts up to 2 years after the surgery using gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture analysis of quantitative T2 maps, compare the results with the microfracturing technique (MFX) control group, and relate these results to the morphological MOCART 2.0 score. A subcohort of 37 patients from prospective, multi-center study underwent examination on a 3T MR scanner, including a T2 mapping sequence at 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Changes between the time-points in the mean T2 values and 20 GLCM features extracted from T2 maps were assessed in repair tissue, tissue adjacent to the repair site, and the reference cartilage for both procedures. Significant correlations were found between the MOCART 2.0 and GLCM features for both surgical procedures. There were no significant differences between MACT and MFX. We identified significant intra-group changes in T2 and autocorrelation (3M-12M: P = 0.002; 3M-24M: P = 0.004), dissimilarity (3M-24M: P = 0.01), homogeneity (3M-24M: P = 0.013), and correlation (3M-24M: P = 0.036), sum average (3M-12M: P = 0.001; 3M-24M: P = 0.002), and information measure (3M-24M: P < 0.001) in the MACT repair tissue. MACT models revealed differences in GLCM between all combinations of ROI types at almost all time-points. In the case of MFX, the significant differences were mainly between repair and reference tissue at 12 months. Texture analysis provides a useful extension to T2 mapping. Texture features are correlated to the morphological outcome and reveal differences in the process of maturation between MACT and MFX.

CBCT-based assessment of apical root resorption and alveolar bone height following orthodontic treatment of Class I moderate crowding with labial vs. lingual fixed appliances in young adults: A randomized controlled trial.

Apical root resorption and alveolar bone loss are potential complications associated with orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to assess apical root resorption and alveolar bone height following orthodontic treatment of moderate crowding with labial vs. lingual fixed appliances using CBCT imaging. All patients meeting the eligibility criteria were included from March 2022 to June 2022 at the University of Damascus Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics. The study involved patients diagnosed with Class I malocclusion and moderate crowding in both arches that could be treated on a non-extraction basis. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. One group was treated using lingual appliances (DTC® IN-Tendo JK-SL, DTC Medical Apparatus Co., Hangzhou, China) with a 0.018-inch slot. The sequence of archwires used included 0.012″, 0.014 0.016″ nickel-titanium, 0.016″×0.022″ TMA, 0.016″×0.022″ stainless steel, and 0.017″×0.025″ stainless steel. The other group received treatment with labial straight-wire appliances (AO Mini Master®-MBT System, metal brackets, Sheboygan, WI, USA) also featuring a 0.018-inch slot. The sequence of archwires used was 0.012″, 0.014″, 0.016″ nickel-titanium, 0.016″×0.022″ nickel-titanium, 0.016 and 0.017″×0.025″ stainless steel. The CBCT images were taken before the commencement of treatment (T0) and one day following the end of treatment (T1). The apical root resorption and alveolar bone height of the upper and lower teeth were assessed at these assessment times. Paired-sample t-test used to analyse the intergroup differences, while a two-sample t-test was employed to assess intragroup changes. The significance level was set at P<0.004 after adjustment using Bonferroni's correction. Out of forty patients, nineteen patients in each group were included in the statistical analysis (16 men and 24 women; mean age: 21.3years). In both groups, there was a significant decrease in the lengths of all studied teeth at T1 (P<0.004). The apical resorption was significantly greater in the lingual appliance group for lower central and lateral incisors compared to the labial appliance group (0.64mm, 0.7, respectively). The mean lingual bone loss in the lingual appliances was statistically greater than that in the labial appliances for lower central incisors (0.53mm), while the mean buccal bone loss in the labial appliance group was statistically greater than that in the lingual appliance group for the lower lateral incisors (0.52mm). The use of DTC® lingual or AO Mini Master® labial brackets with archwire sequences is associated with clinically acceptable mild to moderate root resorption and clinically insignificant alveolar bone loss when treating moderate crowding. The record resorption in both cases is less than 1.34mm. The lingual appliances cause greater resorption of lower incisors than labial appliances. Lingual bone loss is greater with lingual orthodontic appliances for lower central incisors, while vestibular bone loss is greater with labial orthodontic appliances for the lower later al incisors.

Effects of Exercise and a Lifestyle App on Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Physical Health, and quality of Life

Background. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a growing public health problem, and non-invasive treatments may be a valid option. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the effects of a 12-week exercise program and a lifestyle app on SDB severity, physical health (anthropometry, body composition, physical fitness), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 18–50 years old adults with mild-to-moderate SDB.Methods. One-hundred-ninety-two participants (age 37.4±6.3years, BMI 33.3±4.2kg·m−2, 52.6% males) with mild-to-moderate SDB (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥5&lt;30.0, objective snore ≥10%) were randomized into: Exercise (three times/week, 60 min), app, and control groups. The assessments included a three-night self-applied polysomnography, anthropometryt, body composition, physical fitness, and HRQoL. Repeated ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed-rank and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to evaluate the changes.Results. Time effect was observed in AHI (F=6.290, p=0.014), neck circumference (F=5.253, p=0.024), hand dynamometry (F=7.102, p=0.009), and 6-minute walking test (F=8.340, p=0.005). Group x time interactions were observed in weight (F=9.318, p=&lt;0.001), BMI (F=9.302, p=&lt;0.001), body fat percentage (F=4.756, p=0.01), body fat mass (F=5.916, p=0.004), and skeletal muscle mass (F=9.380, p=&lt;0.001). Intragroup changes were observed in physical functioning, vitality, and general health in both the exercise and app groups, in addition to role limitations due to physical health in the exercise group.Conclusions. The 12-week exercise program reduced AHI and increased skeletal muscle mass, physical fitness, and HRQoL in four domains. The lifestyle app program reduced weight, BMI, neck circumference, body fat, visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle mass while increased three HRQoL domains in participants with mild-to-moderate SDB.

The Effect of Eight Weeks of Moderate-Intensity Interval Training on Uncarboxylated Osteocalcin Levels and Insulin Resistance Markers in Obese Women

Background: Osteocalcin (OC) carboxylation functions as a hormone in glucose metabolism, enhancing insulin secretion, sensitivity, and energy consumption. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity interval training on uncarboxylated OC levels and insulin resistance markers in obese women. Methods: This semi-experimental study included 20 obese women aged 35 to 45, who were randomly divided into two groups: An experimental group (10 participants) and a control group (10 participants). The moderate-intensity interval training program lasted eight weeks, with three sessions per week, each lasting 20 to 40 minutes, at an intensity of 50% to 75% of maximum heart rate. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess intra-group and inter-group changes. Results: The moderate-intensity interval training program resulted in significant reductions in weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, insulin levels, and the Insulin Resistance Index. Additionally, uncarboxylated OC levels and maximal oxygen consumption significantly increased by the end of the study period. Time interaction changes within the group were statistically significant for waist-to-hip ratio, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and maximal oxygen consumption. Conclusions: Moderate-intensity interval training increased uncarboxylated OC levels and decreased the Insulin Resistance Index in obese women. These findings suggest that moderate-intensity interval training can be recommended as a preventive or therapeutic strategy for managing obesity and potential metabolic diseases associated with obesity.

Effects of an Instability Training Program Using Global Versus Selective Instability Devices on Dynamic Balance and Ankle Stability in Young Amateur Soccer Players.

Background/Objectives: Both Sides Utilized it is one of the most employed global instability devices (GID), but it is difficult to progress and select a particular foot structure. In this sense, the Blackboard has been created as selective instability device (SID). The aim of this study is to compare the effects of both devices on balance and ankle stability. Methods: The study was designed as a randomized controlled clinical trial. Twenty healthy amateur soccer players were divided into two groups: GID and SID. Both performed balance training (4-weeks, 3 days/week). Ankle balance and stability were assessed. Paired t-tests were used to analyze the pre-, post-, and between-groups differences. Results: No differences were found between the groups. Significant intra-group changes were found in both groups for posterolateral balance and summation. Moreover, posteromedial balance increased in the GID group. No changes were found in ankle stability results. Conclusions: A balance intervention using GID or SID is effective in improving general and posterolateral balance. Moreover, the GID intervention improved posteromedial balance.

Upper airways changes associated with orthodontic molar distalization by Pendulum appliance in adolescent patients: a multicenter retrospective cephalometric study

ObjectivesThe purpose of this multicenter retrospective study was to perform a two-dimensional analysis of upper airway changes in adolescent patients following molar distalization with the Pendulum appliance.Materials and methodsThe study involved the cephalometric analysis of 88 patients, retrospectively categorized into two groups: skeletal Class II with a dental Class II molar relationship (36 patients, mean age 12.6 ± 1.1 years) and skeletal Class I with a dental Class II molar relationship (54 patients, mean age 12.3 ± 1.2 years). Changes were observed using lateral radiographs before (T0) and after Pendulum appliance removal (T1); treatment time averaged 7 months. Upper airways were subsequently analyzed by tracing lateral radiographs. The Shapiro-Wilk test showed a normal distribution of the data, therefore parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Intragroup changes between T0 and T1 were evaluated using paired t-tests, and intergroup differences were assessed using independent student t-tests; statistical significance was set at 0.05.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed in the skeletal measurements that characterized both groups, particularly in ANB and Wits appraisal, at T0 (P < 0.001). After molar distalization, Class I and Class II groups reported no statistically significant differences with changes almost equal to zero between timepoints (P > 0.05). Additionally, intergroup comparisons of airway changes at T1 did not show statistically significant differences (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe Pendulum appliance does not significantly change the upper airway dimensions in Class I and Class II malocclusion patients, thereby minimizing potential respiratory risks.

Clinical Effects of Additional Platelet-Rich Plasma Application to Exercise Therapy in Patients with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Exercise therapy (ET) is the main and initial treatment modality for treating subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). The isolated or combined use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications in treating SIS is increasing and promising. A comparison was made on the effectiveness of ET alone and in combination with PRP on pain, functionality, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with SIS. The purposes of this study were to (1) investigate the possible positive effects of PRP injections combined with ET in treating SIS on pain, functionality, and QoL and (2) propose an alternative treatment protocol. It was hypothesized that the group receiving PRP applications in addition to ET would have a better QoL due to less pain and higher functionality 6 months after treatment. Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Volunteer patients diagnosed with SIS were included based on history and physical examination findings. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging to confirm the diagnosis and exclude possible accompanying pathologies. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group underwent ET at home for 8 weeks (ET group), and the second group received the same ET program and an additional 2 PRP injections, at the beginning of the study and the end of the fourth week (PRP group). Patients were evaluated initially and 6 months after the treatment using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain score, Constant-Murley Score (CMS), and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test determined the conformity of the data to a normal distribution, chi-square analysis was used to compare categorical variables between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare continuous and intergroup variables. Intragroup changes before and after treatment were evaluated with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 67 patients were initially enrolled; 5 were excluded and 6 were lost to follow-up (1 because of a COVID diagnosis). Thus, 56 patients (56 shoulders) were included for analysis. There were 28 patients in the ET group and 28 patients in the PRP group. There were no statistical differences between groups regarding participant characteristics and clinical evaluations before treatment. A statistically significant improvement was observed in pain (VAS subgroups), functionality (CMS subgroups), and QoL (SF-36 subgroups) evaluations of patients in both the ET and the PRP groups compared with before the treatment and 6 months after treatment (P < .05). At the 6-month posttreatment evaluation, the PRP group was statistically significantly superior to isolated ET in terms of VAS rest (P = .001) and night (P = .004) scores. This superiority was also in favor of the PRP group in flexion strength (P = .001), abduction strength (P = .046), and abduction degree (P = .041) measurements. There was no significant difference between ET and PRP groups regarding VAS activity, CMS, and SF-36 scores (P > .05) at 6 months. Our study showed that both isolated ET and additional PRP application to ET are effective methods in SIS treatment regarding pain, function, and QoL. Combining ET with PRP was superior in reducing pain and improving abduction degree and strength.

Impact of whole-body vibration training on ankle joint proprioception and balance in stroke patients: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundAlthough whole-body vibration (WBV) training is acknowledged for its benefits in enhancing motor functions across several neurological disorders, its precise influence on ankle joint proprioception and balance in stroke patients is still not well understood. This research seeks to assess the impact of WBV training on ankle joint proprioception and balance in stroke patients, thereby filling this important research void.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, thirty-five stroke patients were randomly assigned to either the WBV group (n = 17) or a control group (n = 18) using a random number table method. The control group received daily general rehabilitation for four weeks, while the WBV group received an additional 30 min of WBV training each day with the Trunsan S110 Vibration Training System. Blinded outcome assessments were conducted at baseline and post-treatment, utilizing the Berg balance scale (BBS), Functional reach test (FRT), Romberg test length (RTL) and area (RTA), and completion rates of ankle joint dorsiflexion-plantar flexion (DP) and inversion-eversion (IE) tests. Follow-up assessments were performed after four weeks of intervention, focusing on RTL, RTA, DP, and IE as primary outcomes.ResultsAnalysis of intra-group changes from baseline to post-treatment revealed significant improvements across the BBS, FRT, RTL, RTA, and DP and IE assessments (p < 0.001). Notably, the WBV group showed significant enhancements compared to the control group in DP and IE (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), with mean values increasing from 13.556 to 16.765 (23.7%) and from 5.944 to 8.118 (36.6%), respectively. However, WBV did not provide additional benefits over the control treatment for balance recovery parameters such as BBS, FRT, RTL, and RTA (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that WBV therapy is equally effective as conventional methods in enhancing proprioception and balance in stroke patients, but it does not provide additional benefits for balance recovery. WBV significantly improves proprioceptive functions, particularly in DP and IE parameters. However, it does not surpass traditional rehabilitation methods in terms of balance recovery. These findings indicate that WBV should be incorporated into stroke rehabilitation primarily to enhance proprioception rather than to optimize balance recovery.Trial registrationThis study was retrospectively registered in the ISRCTN Registry on 29/07/2024 (https://www.isrctn.com/, ISRCTN64602845).

Comparative evaluation of clinical efficacy and volumetric changes in pulpectomized primary molars using hand K-file, ProTaper rotary file, and Kedo-SG blue file: an in-vitro cone beam computed tomography analysis.

The accomplishment of a successful pulpectomy depends on multiple factors that involve targeted removal of the causative irritants and soft and hard tissue debris by mechanical and chemical means. Compare and evaluate the efficacy of canal preparation and volumetric filling using conventional files and two rotary file systems using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Thirty freshly extracted human primary second molars were randomly divided into three groups of 10 teeth each. After access opening and working length determination, pre-operative volume analysis was done using CBCT. The canals were then instrumented by either hand K-files, ProTaper rotary files or Kedo-SG Blue rotary files. Post-operative volume analysis was performed using CBCT. All the canals were obturated using Metapex and scanned again using CBCT. Mean values of the pre- and post-operative canal volumes were analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Inter- and intra-group volumetric changes were analyzed statistically using a post hoc test. The mean difference in volume after canal preparation and obturation was the highest in the Kedo-SG Blue group, followed by the ProTaper group and the least in the hand K group (p = 0.001). Inter-group comparison showed statistically significant differences between the hand K group and ProTaper group (p = 0.001), the ProTaper group and Kedo-SG Blue group (p = 0.001), and the hand-K group and Kedo-SG Blue group (p = 0.02). The volume of preparation and obturation was the highest using Kedo-SG Blue, followed by the ProTaper file systems.

Cognitive outcome after stereo-electroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG)-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) is being used incrementally in the invasive diagnosis of epilepsy. There is currently a lack of information regarding the potential cognitive consequences of the extended use of this technique. This work describes, for the first time, the cognitive outcomes after RFTC in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), evaluated longitudinally and using a control group. Forty-eight adult patients with drug-resistant unilateral TLE (30 RFTC-treated patients and 18 controls) were evaluated using a comprehensive neuropsychological protocol at baseline. In the RFTC group, two follow-up assessments were performed at 3 months and 1 year. The control group was reevaluated after 1 year. Two analyses were performed: 1) group-level analyses, in which linear mixed models were applied according to TLE lateralization (intragroup and intergroup [RFTC vs control] comparisons), and 2) individual-level analyses, in which the Reliable Change Index (RCI) algorithm was developed and a 90% CI (cutoff ± 1.64) was used to describe neuropsychological outcomes at 1 year post-RFTC. A memory subanalysis was performed in hippocampal RFTC patients (25/30). A Spearman coefficient study was conducted to determine the correlation between cognitive change and thermocoagulated contacts. Left- and right-sided TLE patients treated with RFTC showed cognitive preservation at baseline. At a group level, the short-term evaluation, including verbal and visual memory, language, and executive functions, showed preservation in these domains and no significant differences compared with baseline. In the long-term follow-up assessment (1 year after RFTC), no significant intragroup changes were found, nor were significant changes found in comparison with the control group. The RCI algorithm showed that significant individual cognitive losses and gains were infrequent. Three patients presented with naming deficits, only 1 (3.3%) of whom showed a clinically significant deficit. Significant gains were more prevalent in executive function tests with a speed component (4/20 left-sided RFTC patients). Twenty-five of the 30 (83%) patients were treated with hippocampal RFTC. No patients experienced significant loss in verbal delayed memory in the left-sided RFTC sample or in visual delayed memory in the right-sided RFTC sample. The correlations between cognitive change and RFTC contacts were mostly nonsignificant. In the group-level comparisons, discernible cognitive impairment following RFTC was not evidenced. The majority of patients did not exhibit significant individual declines during the 1-year follow-up period. Notably, the procedural intervention yielded no substantial repercussions on memory functioning following hippocampal RFTC. These findings underscore the evidence supporting the cognitive preservation associated with SEEG-guided RFTC.

Peri-implant phenotype, calprotectin and MMP-8 levels in cases diagnosed with peri-implant disease

ObjectivesThe purpose of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate the effect of peri-implant phenotype (PPh) on the severity of peri-implant diseases and the results of non-surgical mechanical treatment (NSMT), along with calprotectin (CLP) and MMP-8(matrix metalloproteinase-8) levels.Materials and methods77 implants from 39 patients were included. The implants were categorized Group-1(peri-implant mucositis), Group-2(peri-implantitis).Baseline (0. Month-PrT) clinical parameters (PD, GI, PI, BOP, CAL) and radiographic bone loss were documented, and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) samples were collected. Various intruments and methodologies were employed to assess PPh components (mucosa thickness, supracrestal tissue height, keratinized mucosa) and peri-implant attached mucosa (AM). NSMT was applied to diseased implant sites. All clinical parameters were reassessed again by taking PICF samples at the 6th month-after treatment (PT). In PICF samples obtained from both groups, MMP-8 and CLP levels were evaluated using the ELISA test.ResultsPrT-PD,PrT-GI,PrT-CAL and PrT-BOP percentage values in Group-2 were significantly higher than Group-1.PrT-PD,PrTPI scores are significantly higher in thin biotype implants. All components of the PPh and AM were significantly lower in thin biotype. Intra-group time-dependent changes of MMP-8 and CLP were significant in both groups (p < 0.05). When the relationship between thin and thick biotype and biochemical parameters was evaluated, the change in PrT-PT didn’t show a significant difference (p > 0.05).ConclusionsPPh plays a role in influencing the severity of peri-implant diseases. However, the impact of phenotype on NSMT outcomes was similar in both groups.Clinical relevanceThe PPh should be considered when planning implant surgery.

Heterogeneity of morphometric similarity networks in health and schizophrenia.

Morphometric similarity is a recently developed neuroimaging phenotype of inter-regional connectivity by quantifying the similarity of a region to other regions based on multiple MRI parameters. Altered average morphometric similarity has been reported in psychotic disorders at the group level, with considerable heterogeneity across individuals. We used normative modeling to address cross-sectional and longitudinal inter-individual heterogeneity of morphometric similarity in health and schizophrenia. Morphometric similarity for 62 cortical regions was obtained from baseline and follow-up T1-weighted scans of healthy individuals and patients with chronic schizophrenia. Cortical regions were classified into seven predefined brain functional networks. Using Bayesian Linear Regression and taking into account age, sex, image quality and scanner, we trained and validated normative models in healthy controls from eleven datasets (n = 4310). Individual deviations from the norm (z-scores) in morphometric similarity were computed for each participant for each network and region at both timepoints. A z-score ≧ than 1.96 was considered supra-normal and a z-score ≦ -1.96 infra-normal. As a longitudinal metric, we calculated the change over time of the total number of infra- or supra-normal regions per participant. At baseline, patients with schizophrenia had decreased morphometric similarity of the default mode network and increased morphometric similarity of the somatomotor network when compared with healthy controls. The percentage of patients with infra- or supra-normal values for any region at baseline and follow-up was low (<6%) and did not differ from healthy controls. Mean intra-group changes over time in the total number of infra- or supra-normal regions were small in schizophrenia and healthy control groups (<1) and there were no significant between-group differences. In a case-control setting, a decrease of morphometric similarity within the default mode network may be a robust finding implicated in schizophrenia. However, normative modeling suggests that significant reductions and changes over time of regional morphometric similarity are evident only in a minority of patients.

Statokinetic stability in athletes of different nosological groups

Relevance: Researchers have shown that the characteristics of postural control in open-eyed children with visual impairment were higher than in sighted children, and these data are also associated with physical activity in their free time and the age at which they started playing sports. It is possible that people with visual or hearing impairments are more effective at maintaining balance, which may explain why they achieve similar or better results in posture control tasks compared to their normally developed peers.The aim of the study is to study the features of the statokinetic stability of athletes of three nosological groups: with hearing impairment, with visual impairment and with intellectual disabilities.Methods and organization of research. The method of stabilometry was used: the ST-150 stability platform and the STPL program. The area of the statokinesiogram (S, mm2); the average velocity of displacement of the pressure center (V, mm/s) and the energy consumption coefficient (Ke, conl. units) were studied.The results of the study and their discussion. When analyzing intra-group changes in athletes with hearing impairment, a significant deterioration in the function of static equilibrium was found in the test with closed eyes, which is typical for athletes with intellectual disabilities, but the results in the test with open eyes in these athletes are significantly better than in athletes with hearing impairment. Athletes with hearing impairment and athletes with intellectual disabilities have a pronounced forward asymmetry. In the sagittal plane, athletes with visual impairment have a pronounced asymmetry to the left. Normally balanced control revailed among athletes with hearing impairment. Normally balanced and proprioceptive control was revealed in athletes with visual impairment. Visual control prevailed among athletes with intellectual disabilities. The best statistical stability was revealed in athletes with intellectual disabilities, compared with athletes of the studied nosologies.Conclusions. Thus, the features of the statokinetic stability of athletes with hearing impairment, visual impairment and intellectual disabilities were revealed.

Response of agrin, mTOR and AKT proteins in dual resistance-cognitive exercises of healthy people

Introduction: Considering the importance of agrin, mTOR and AKT proteins in cognitive and physiological function, knowing the effects of different exercise programs is of particular importance. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of agrin, mTOR and AKT proteins in dual resistance-cognitive exercises of healthy people. Method: The research method is semi-experimental. 10 healthy men were randomly divided into two groups (resistance-cognitive group of 5 people and resistance group of 5 people). Resistance contraction included eccentric and concentric knee extension with maximum strength and speed. The contractions included 12 sets of 10 repetitions for the right leg, and in the cognitive group, cognitive task exercises included counting numbers in reverse, multiplying and dividing numbers, counting the months of the year, and counting coins simultaneously with facial resistance exercises. Took A biopsy was performed at the beginning and end of the study. To analyze the data, dependent t statistical method and covariance test were performed in SPSS21 software. Results: The results showed that the intra-group changes of mTOR and AKT proteins after one activity session were significant in the resistance-cognitive and resistance groups (p≤0.05). However, the inter-group changes of agrin, mTOR and AKT proteins showed no difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The present study showed that a session of resistance and resistance-cognitive activity leads to changes in the factors involved in the strength and hypertrophy of skeletal muscles. In addition, these changes are generally more resistance-cognitive in the resistance group.

Maternal supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid does not cause constriction of fetal ductus arteriosus: randomized controlled trial.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is recommended routinely in pregnancy to promote fetal development. DHA has anti-inflammatory activity, but its effects on the fetal heart and circulation are unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal DHA supplementation in the third trimester affects maternal prostaglandin levels and fetal ductus arteriosus flow dynamics. This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial with parallel groups conducted between 2018 and 2021. Pregnant women aged over 18 years with a normal fetus at 27-28 weeks' gestation showing no cardiac/extracardiac anomalies or ductal constriction were eligible for the trial. Women consuming substances with a known inhibitory effect on prostaglandin metabolism, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and polyphenol-rich foods, were excluded. The intervention group received oral supplementation of omega-3 with 450 mg/day of DHA for 8 weeks and the placebo group received capsules of soy lecithin for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, assessment of polyphenol and omega-3 consumption, fetal morphological ultrasound examination, fetal Doppler echocardiographic examination and blood sample collection were performed at the start of the study and the latter two were repeated at follow-up. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level and echocardiographic parameters were compared between the intervention and placebo groups and between baseline and follow-up. A total of 24 participants were included in each group. After 8 weeks, there were no significant differences between the intervention and placebo groups in maternal serum PGE2 level or Doppler echocardiographic parameters of ductal flow. No case of ductus arteriosus constriction was observed. The expected intragroup changes in cardiac morphology, as a result of advancing gestation, were present. Maternal DHA supplementation in the third trimester at a clinically recommended dose did not result in inhibition of PGE2 or constriction of the ductus arteriosus. These findings should be confirmed in postmarket surveillance studies with larger patient numbers in order to test the full safety profile of DHA and provide robust clinical reassurance. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with somatoform disorders: A pilot preliminary randomized controlled trial

Background and objective: Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) for somatoform disorders (SFDs) is understudied in China. Western findings may not be applicable to Chinese culture. This preliminary study evaluated the efficacy of CBT for patients in China, relative to treatment-as-usual (TAU). Methods: Seventy patients with SFDs randomly received either combined CBT and TAU (CBT + TAU), or TAU alone between January 2018 to May 2019. The CBT + TAU group received 12 weekly individual 50-minute CBT sessions. Participants were blindly assessed at 4 timepoints (baseline, week 6, end of treatment: week 12; 12 weeks post-treatment: week 24) using the following outcome measures: SQSS (Self-screening Questionnaire for Somatic Symptoms); PHQ-15 (Patient-Health-Questionnaire-15) and the WI (Whiteley Index); GAD-7 (General Anxiety Disorder-7); HAMD-17 (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17); Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS); Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS); and the Short Form of Quality-of-Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q-SF). The primary endpoint was the difference between the SQSS total score at week 24 and the baseline. A mixed model for repeated measures was used to analyze inter- and intra-group changes from the baseline. Results: At week 24, The least-squares mean (LSM) change of the total score on the SQSS was −18.87 points and −9.69 points, respectively in the CBT + TAU group and in the TAU group (LSM difference, −9.18 points; 95% confidence interval, −15.72 to −2.64; P = 0.0068). At week 24, the LSM changes from baseline in the WI, HAMD, PHQ15, FBIS and SDS total scores were significantly different between the two groups, however, there was no significant difference in the Q-LES-Q-SF. The SQSS of group effect sizes were 0.63 at 24 weeks. The dropout rates of the CBT + TAU and TAU groups were comparable (22.9% and 19.3%). Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that CBT may be helpful for improving the symptoms of patients with SFDs in China.

A Comparative Study of Homoeopathic Decimal Versus Centesimal Potency Medicine in the Treatment of Cervical Spondylosis

Background: Cervical spondylosis (CS) is a degenerative condition of the cervical spine found almost universally in persons over50 years of age. It has become one of the common problems globally.Methods: An experimental study was conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with cervical spondylosis as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All 60 cases of cervical spondylosis were randomized into 2 groups of 30 patients each. One group was prescribed with Individualized Homoeopathic medicine in decimal scale potency and the other group was prescribed with centesimal scale potencies of Individualized Homoeopathic medicine. The Remedy Response Evaluation Form was used to assess and interpret the follow up of the patients. The improvement of the patients was assessed by the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Result: Intra-group changes in NDI score were found statistically significant (P &lt; 0.001, unpaired t test) group difference though favored centesimal against decimal. Conclusion: On statistical analysis, the p value was less than 0.001. Hence there is a significant difference between post treatment score of centesimal potency group as compared to decimal potency group. &#x0D;

Effects of orthopedic treatment (distraction splint) on dentofacial deformities in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) frequently affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which can alter mandibular growth and development and result in dentofacial deformities. To assess the outcomes of orthopedic treatment with distraction splint (DS) in patients with JIA-related dentofacial deformity. The retrospective study involved 30 patients with JIA and unilateral TMJ involvement, another study group of 20 patients with JIA and bilateral TMJ involvement, and a control group of 18 non-JIA orthodontic patients with Class II and III malocclusions. The inclusion criteria were DS treatment and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans before (T0) and 2 years after treatment (T1). Dentofacial morphology and deformity were evaluated based on a validated three-dimensional CBCT-based morphometric analysis. Intergroup differences in outcome measures were compared at T0 and T1, and intragroup changes between T0 and T1 were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Initial evaluations at T0 revealed significant differences between the unilateral and bilateral JIA groups and the control group for three out of eight dentofacial deformity variables: inter-side difference in total posterior mandibular height, mandibular axial angle, and posterior/anterior face height (ratio). At follow-up (T1), significant inter-group differences were only observed in total posterior mandibular height indicating that intergroup differences were less pronounced after splint treatment. Assessing inter-group changes between T0 and T1 showed that all parameters remained constant except posterior/anterior face height ratio, which significantly decreased between T0 and T1. The findings demonstrate the potential of DS treatment for patients with JIA and unilateral or bilateral TMJ involvement to generally support normal dentofacial growth or at least limit further deterioration of dentofacial deformities.

The efficacy of virtual reality technology for the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPatients with cervical spondylosis myelopathy (CSM) may experience severe neurological dysfunction due to untimely spinal cord compression after surgery. These disorders may lead to sensory and motion disorders, causing considerable psychological distress. Recent studies found that virtual reality (VR) technology can be an effective tool for treating spinal cord injuries. Owing to this discovery, we developed an exploratory research project to investigate the impact of this intervention on the postoperative recovery of patients with CSM.MethodsThe purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of combining VR technology with conventional rehabilitation strategies for the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with CSM. A total of 78 patients will be recruited and randomized to either the conventional rehabilitation group or the group subjected to VR technology combined with conventional rehabilitation strategies. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale will be the main tool used, and secondary outcomes will be measured via the visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), and functional MRI (fMRI). The data analysis will identify differences between the intervention and control groups as well as any relationship between the intragroup changes in the functional area of the brain and the subjective scale scores after the intervention.DiscussionThe aim of this trial is to investigate the effect of VR training on the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with CSM after 12 intervention treatments. Positive and negative outcomes will help us better understand the effectiveness of the intervention and its neural impact. If effective, this study could provide new options for the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with CSM.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300071544). Registered 17 May 2023, https://www.chictr.org.cn/.

Impact of ginger supplementation on serum PGE2, COX2, and IL-6 in response to exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes

Abstract Inflammation and muscle soreness sometimes occur after high-intensity exercise in some athletes. This study aimed to determine the effect of a ginger supplement period on serum cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin (IL)-6 in response to exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes. In this semi-experimental study, 24 semi-professional female taekwondo athletes (mean age 19.75 ± 2.03 years, height 160 ± 6 cm, weight 53.99 ± 7.49 kg) were selected voluntarily. Subjects were randomly assigned to the ginger supplement + exhaustive (GE + EE) and exhaustive exercise (EE) groups. 24 doses of 2,000 mg of pure ginger supplement (3 days/week for 8 weeks) were taken in the morning and evening (4 capsules of 500 mg: 2 in the morning and 2 in the evening). Then Bruce’s test was performed as an exhaustive exercise. Blood samples were collected in two stages before and after the intervention, and serum levels of COX2, PGE2, and IL-6 were measured using the Elisa method. T-tests and analysis of variance with repeated measures were used to examine intra-group changes and compare between groups from pre-test to post-test using SPSS version 25 software. The results showed a significant increase in the level of serum COX2 (), and no significant increase in the level of serum PGE2 () and IL-6 () in the EE group compared to baseline levels. Also, there was a significant decrease in the level of serum PGE2 (), COX2 (), and IL-6 () in the group of GE + EE compared to baseline levels. In addition, there was a significant difference between the group of GE + EE and the EE (). GE + EE group, in comparison with the EE group, partially reduced inflammation. Taking 8-weeks of ginger supplementations can effectively reduce muscle inflammation following exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes.