Intraductal Papillary Carcinoma Research Articles

Bile Acids in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a dangerous digestive tract tumor that is becoming increasingly common and fatal. The most common form of PC is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Bile acids (BAs) are closely linked to the growth and progression of PC. They can change the intestinal flora, increasing intestinal permeability and allowing gut microbes to enter the bloodstream, leading to chronic inflammation. High dietary lipids can increase BA secretion into the duodenum and fecal BA levels. BAs can cause genetic mutations, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal activation of intracellular trypsin, cytoskeletal damage, activation of NF-κB, acute pancreatitis, cell injury, and cell necrosis. They can act on different types of pancreatic cells and receptors, altering Ca2+ and iron levels, and related signals. Elevated levels of Ca2+ and iron are associated with cell necrosis and ferroptosis. Bile reflux into the pancreatic ducts can speed up the kinetics of epithelial cells, promoting the development of pancreatic intraductal papillary carcinoma. BAs can cause the enormous secretion of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leading to the proliferation of pancreatic β-cells. Using Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) increases the risk of pancreatitis and PC. Therefore, our objective was to explore various studies and thoroughly examine the role of BAs in PC.

Clinicopathological Diversity and Epidemiological Aspects of Canine and Feline Mammary Gland Tumors in Tehran: A Survey (2020-2022)

Background: Mammary tumors are common in dogs and cats. They are models for investigating carcinogenesis and designing treatment protocols that benefit human beings. Senescence, sex, and reproductive status affect the development of such neoplasms. Objectives: In Iran’s absence of a national animal tumor registry, the present study determined clinicopathological and epidemiological aspects of canine and feline mammary tumors in referral cases of four veterinary practices across Tehran from 2020 to 2022. Here, the incidence and types of canine and feline mammary tumors are described, in addition to sex, reproductive status, age, breed, the affected mammary gland(s), grades, lymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastases. Methods: All canine and feline patients with masses in the mammary gland region were considered in this study. The resected tumors and occasional lymph nodes were macroscopically scrutinized. Hematoxylin-Eosin slides were reviewed by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry was utilized when necessary. Results: Of the 76 dogs and eight cats, 100% were females, and the majority were intact. Most patients were 10-11 years old. Purebreds were the most frequent referrals. In some patients, more than one mammary gland had developed neoplasm, i.e. 141 affected glands in 76 bitches and nine affected glands in eight queens. Tumors were presented in both chains and even on the ventral midline, with an increased preponderance of caudally located glands. Thus, the caudal-most glands, i.e. inguinal and caudal abdominal glands, constituted 31.2% and 66.7% of the affected glands in bitches and queens, respectively. Intraductal papillary carcinoma (17%) and complex carcinoma (16.3%) had the highest incidence in dogs. The most commonly observed lesions in cats were lobular hyperplasia with atypia, and duct ectasia, each encompassing 22.3% of the affected glands. Most canine neoplasms were grade I (90.3%), while grade II neoplasms had the highest incidence in cats (50%). Lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastases were seen in canine anaplastic carcinoma, solid carcinoma, and complex carcinoma, as well as feline comedocarcinoma and tubular carcinoma. Conclusion: The risk of developing malignant tumors increases as the individual ages, and generally, caudally located mammary glands in intact purebred females are at increased risk. Moreover, anaplastic carcinomas must be precisely examined, both clinically and histopathologically, for lymph node metastases.

Fusion protein and hemagglutinin of canine distemper virus co-induce apoptosis in canine mammary tumor cells.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) has been shown to have oncolytic activity against primary canine tumors. Previous studies from this laboratory had confirmed that CDV induces apoptosis in canine mammary tumor (CMT) cells, although the molecular mechanism remains unknown. The CDV N, P, M, F, H, L, C, and V genes were identified in CDV-L and cloned separately. Mutants with deletions in the 5' region (pCMV-F L△60, pCMV-FL△107, and pCMV-FL△114) or with site-directed mutagenesis in the 3' region (pCMV-FLA602-610) of the F gene were generated. Late-stage apoptotic cells were detected by Hoechst 33342. Early-stage apoptotic cells were detected by AnnexinV-FITC/PI. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the mRNA levels of target genes of apoptotic and NF-κB pathway. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression or phosphorylation levels of target proteins of apoptotic or NF-κB pathway. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the nuclear translocation of p65 protein. Recombinant viruses (rCDV-FL△60 and rCDV-FLA602-610) were rescued by a BHK-T7-based system. 5-week-old female BALB/c nude mice were used to detect the oncolytic activity of recombinant viruses. In this study, it was first confirmed that none of the structural or non-structural proteins of CDV-L, a vaccine strain, was individually able to induce apoptosis in canine mammary tubular adenocarcinoma cells (CIPp) or intraductal papillary carcinoma cells (CMT-7364). However, when CIPp or CMT-7364 cells were co-transfected with glycoprotein fusion (F) and hemagglutinin (H) proteins of CDV-L, nuclear fragmentation was observed and a high proportion of early apoptotic cells were detected, as well as cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8 and poly (ATP ribose) polymerase (PARP). Cleaved caspase-3 and PARP were down-regulated by apoptosis broad-spectrum inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and caspase-8 pathway inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK, confirming that the F and H proteins coinduced apoptosis in CMT cells via the caspase-8 and caspase-3 pathways. F and H proteins co-induced phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα and nuclear translocation of p65, confirming activation of the NF-κB pathway, inhibition of which down-regulated cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. Recombinant F protein with enhanced fusion activity and H protein co-induced more cleaved caspase-3 and PARP than parental F protein, while the corresponding recombinant virus exhibited the same properties both in CIPp cells and in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. F and H proteins of CDV-L co-induce apoptosis in CMT cells, while the NF-κB pathway and fusion activity of F protein paly essential roles in the process.

Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Breast Papillary Neoplasms on MRI With Non-mass Enhancement

To explore the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant papillary neoplasms on MRI with non-mass enhancement. A total of 48 patients with surgically confirmed papillary neoplasms showing non-mass enhancement were included. Clinical findings, mammography and MRI features were retrospectively analyzed, and lesions were described according to the breast imaging report and data system (BI-RADS). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare the clinical and imaging features of benign and malignant lesions. Fifty-three papillary neoplasms were shown on MR images with non-mass enhancement, including 33 intraductal papilloma and 20 papillary carcinomas (9 intraductal papillary carcinoma, 6 solid papillary carcinomas, and 5 invasive papillary carcinoma). Mammography showed amorphous calcification in 20% (6/30), of which 4 were in papilloma and 2 were in papillary carcinoma. On MRI, papilloma mostly showed linear distribution in 54.55% (18/33), clumped enhancement in 36.36% (12/33). Papillary carcinoma showed segmental distribution in 50% (10/20), clustered ring enhancement in 75% (15/20). ANOVA showed age (p=0.025), clinical symptoms (p < 0.001), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value (p=0.026), distribution pattern (p=0.029) and internal enhancement pattern (p < 0.001) were statistically significant between benign and malignant of papillary neoplasms. Multivariate analysis of variance suggested that the internal enhancement pattern was the only statistically significant factor (p=0.010). Papillary carcinoma on MRI with non-mass enhancement mostly showed internal clustered ring enhancement, while papilloma mostly showed internal clumped enhancement; additional mammography is of limited diagnostic value, and suspected calcification occurs mostly in papilloma.

Sonographic prediction of intraductal papillary carcinoma with partially cystic breast lesions

BackgroundIntraductal papillary carcinoma (IDPC) is a rare but fatal disease. Preoperative ultrasound diagnosis of IDPC remains challenging and meaningful. The aim of the study was to determine an effective ultrasound model to predict intraductal papillary carcinoma (IDPC) in patients with partially cystic breast lesions on ultrasound.MethodsWe reviewed female patients with breast nodules who underwent biopsy or surgery between 2004 and 2019, and pathological results were used as the reference standard. We finally included 21 IDPC patients with partially cystic lesions on preoperative ultrasound matched to 40 patients with intraductal papilloma. The association of ultrasound features with IDPC was analysed.ResultsPosterior echo enhancement (P < 0.001), tumour size (P = 0.002), irregular shape (P = 0.003), wide base (P = 0.003), solid-mainly component (P = 0.013), rich Doppler flow (P < 0.001) and multiple lesions (P = 0.044) were associated with IDPC by univariate analysis. Based on univariate analysis, variables were included in the regression analysis to obtain independent factors. The regression analysis showed that microcalcification, multiple lesions, posterior echo enhancement, wide base of solid components and rich colour Doppler flow were predictors for IDPC (P < 0.001). The collective model of the independent factors (microcalcification, multiple lesions, posterior echo enhancement, wide base of solid components and rich colour Doppler flow) could predict IDPC with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99 (95% CI 0.95–1.00). The collective model had a better net benefit demonstrated by the decision curve.ConclusionUltrasonic features may be an applicable model for predicting IDPC with partially cystic breast lesions on ultrasound and has a better potential to facilitate decision-making preoperatively.

Intraductal papillary carcinoma of breast with invasion: A nomogram and survival from the analysis of the SEER database.

Intraductal papillary carcinoma (IPC) with invasion is a rare type of breast cancer. There have been few studies on its prognosis, and a nomogram that predicts the prognosis of the disease has not been described to date. Patients who were diagnosed with invasive IPC were screened from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The screened patients were randomly divided into a training cohort and a verification cohort at 7:3. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was performed to analyze the effects of different variables on the risk of death in invasive IPC. A nomogram was constructed to quantify the possibility of death. The concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and decision curves analysis (DCA) were used to verify the proposed model. We included a total of 803 patients diagnosed with invasive IPC, including 563 patients in the training cohort and 240 patients in the validation cohort. The median follow-up times in the training cohort and validation cohort were 63 months (range, 2-155 months) and 61 months (range, 1-154 months), respectively. For all patients, the probability of death with invasive IPC was 1.4% within 5 years and 5.4% within 10 years. In multivariate analysis, sex, race, tumor size, lymph node status, type of treatment, and chemotherapy were related to the prognosis of invasive IPC. We constructed a nomogram to predict the possibility of death in patients with invasive IPC. Patients with invasive IPC had a high survival rate. The proven nomogram was helpful to both patients and clinical decision makers.

The role of microductectomy in the diagnosis and treatment in women with pathologic nipple discharge

Objectives: Approximately one tenth of the patients who apply to the breast polyclinics complain of nipple discharge. Apart from pregnancy and lactation, spontaneous, unilateral, bloody or serous discharge originating from a single duct describes the Pathological Nipple Discharge (PND). The aim of this study is to show that precancerous breast lesions, which can be easily overlooked by conventional diagnostic methods, are detected with the microductectomy performed with the correct indication and it is possible to complete the appropriate treatment. Methods: Fifty-five microductectomy procedures were performed in 55 female patients who applied to the relevant clinic with the complaint of nipple discharge between January 2013 and August 2018 and who met at least two of the three criteria of pathological nipple discharge (spontaneous, single ductus, bloody or serous) except pregnancy and lactation. Prospectively collected information was evaluated retrospectively. Results: The average age of the patients in the study ranged from 23 to 73 years (mean age 45.5 years, median age 47 years). Out of 55 procedures, 28 (50.9%) were performed in women of reproductive age, 27 (49.1%) were performed in women in menopause. The discharge was localized to the right breast in 28 patients, and to the left breast in 27 patients. Forty-one of the 55 patients included in the study met all of the criteria for pathological nipple discharge, while the other 14 patients had at least two of the three criteria. Final pathologies were classified as follows; intraductal papilloma / papillomatosis with atypia, intraductal papillary carcinoma (IPC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS); Potential Neoplastic and Malignant Lesion (PNML). Conclusions: In cases where direct intraductal imaging methods cannot be applied in patients admitted to the polyclinic with pathological nipple discharge, microductectomy emerges as an effective diagnosis and treatment method that can be applied with low morbidity.

Papillary Lesions of Breast - Limitations of H&amp;E and Pivotal Role of IHC: Single Cancer Centre Study

Background–Papillary breast lesions constitute wide spectrum of heterogeneous pathological group. Diagnosis becomes challenging in case of overlapping histomorphological features. Material &amp; methods–Retrospectively 69 papillary lesion were taken into consideration from January 2017 to March 2021.Results – Routine H&amp;E &amp; CK5/6, P63 is used for further differentiation. Cases were divided into three main divisions 1) benign –intraductal papilloma 2) atypical – intraductal papilloma with ADH/ DCIS 3) malignant - Intra ductal papillary carcinoma, encapsulated papillary carcinoma, solid papillary carcinoma &amp; invasive papillary carcinoma. Papilloma comprised of 28 patients between 25-60 years of age &amp; varies in size from 0.6 to 2.8 cm. Papilloma with ADH/DCIS accounted for 8 patients between 34-65 years age group with size of lesion between 0.5 to 3.0 cm. Intraductal papillary carcinoma comprised of 12 patients with size range 1.6 to 4.0 cm in age group of 42 to 65 years. Encapsulated papillary carcinoma comprised of 4 patients with age between 60 to 73 years and lesion size 0.8 to 14 cm. Solid Papillary carcinoma comprised of 10 patients between 39-81 years of age &amp; lesion varies in size from 1.0 to 8.5 cm. Invasive papillary carcinoma comprised of 7 patients between age of 65 to 80 year and size varies between 2.0 to 6.5 cm. Conclusion – Diagnosis of papillary carcinoma is challenging and its classification includes different entities that have specific diagnostic criteria. Due to heterozygosity in morphology of benign, atypical and malignant subtypes, morphological features should be supplemented by IHC for accurate diagnosis.

A Diagnostic Challenge of Breast Lump

Intracystic papillary carcinoma breast is an uncommon breast cancer consisting of 0.5%–1.0% of all breast cancers. Papillary carcinoma is a rare type of breast carcinoma which is divided into two types, which are intraductal and intracystic papillary carcinoma. Intracystic papillary carcinoma may present as pure intracystic carcinoma or may be associated within situcarcinoma. Here, we report a case of intracystic papillary carcinoma of both breasts which created diagnostic dilemma.

Cytological Evaluation of Pathological Male Breast Lesions.

This study aimed to determine the cytodiagnostic spectrum of various male breast lesions, which were corroborated on histopathology as appropriate, to describe the process of the cytomorphology of some uncommon pathological lesions, and to discuss the reasons of their misdiagnoses. In this 8-year study, a total of 114 patients underwent fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). In a representative case, nipple discharge from an 8-month-old child was examined. Confirmatory histopathology was obtained in 38 cases only. Gynecomastia was the most common (63.5%) male breast pathology. Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type was the most common variant of male breast malignancy. Half of the "gray zone" of cytological lesions was confirmed as cancer, but the rest were diagnosed as fibrocystic disease and intraductal papilloma. All cases with malignant cytology matched their corresponding histopathology. However, a tumor from an intraductal papillary carcinoma was miscued as ductal carcinoma on previous FNAC. Cytological evaluation of male breast lesions provides highly sensitive and specific results with excellent histologic reproducibility. Thus, it should be the ideal pretherapeutic diagnostic procedure for male breasts. However, some benign pathological conditions, which are particularly associated with epithelial hyperplasia, perplex the cytomorphologic scenario into the "gray zone."

Pronostic Factors after Breast Cancer Liver Metastases Surgery

Introduction: Approximately, half of women with metastatic breast cancer will develop liver metastases (LM), however, the role of hepatic resection in these patients remains unclear. Method: Retrospective analysis of patients with LM from breast cancer who underwent liver surgery in our center between 2008-2020. Results: A total of 17 women were involved with an average age of 54.13 years (SD11.67). Breast tumor histology were: intraductal carcinoma (82.4%), adenocarcinoma (11.8%) and papillary carcinoma (5.9%). 64.7% of patients were estrogen-receptor-positive, 58.8% progesterone-receptor-positive and 11.8% Her2+. The median time from breast surgery to LM diagnosis was 31.52 months (IQR 88.52-13.88). Neoadjuvant therapy (NT) prior to liver resection was administered to 8 patients (47.1%), 75% of whom were responsive. Minor-hepatectomy was the most frequent resection performed, 14 patients (82.4%). The median DFS after liver surgery was 14.75 months (IQR 64.52-4), recurrence was identified in 9 patients (52.9%). (22.2% extrahepatic, 44.4% hepatic, 33.3% both). The prognostic factors which might have a negative influence on overall survival (OS) were T3 tumor (p=0.038), Her2+ (p=0.002), poorly differentiated tumors (p=0.057), synchronous LM (p=0.079), no response to NT before liver surgery (p=0.008) and an interval until LM appearance <72 months (p=0.048). Moreover, patients without neoadjuvant response (p=0.057) and an interval until LM appearance <72 months (p=0.049) showed a worse DFS after liver surgery. Conclusion: Breast cancer LM surgery is a valid procedure in selected cases. Response to NT, the interval until LM appearance, T3 tumors, Her2+, poorly differentiated breast cancer and synchronous LM are prognostic factors that we should take into account to select those women who may benefit from liver surgery.

Farklı Tipteki Köpek Meme Karsinomlarında PCNA ve MMP-9 Ekspresyonlarının İmmunohistokimyasal Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

The aim of this study was to evaluate reveal whether there is a significant relationship between cell proliferation and invasion-metastasis capacity in various mammary adenocarcinoma subtypes observed in dogs, by means of immunohistochemical markers such as PCNA and MMP-9. The material of this study was composed of tissue samples of mammary carcinomas taken from 6 Kangal and 4 Setter dogs with an average age of 8.4 years brought to our department between 2012-2020 years. Tissue samples from dogs were fixed in 10 % buffered formaldehyde solution. After routine tissue procedures, 5 μm thick sections were taken from paraffin blocks prepared for Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Sections were examined under light microscope to determine the cancer patterns. Avidin-Biotin Peroxidase method was used as immunohistochemical method. 4 of 10 mammary carcinoma cases were classified as intraductal papillary carcinoma, 4 as carcinoma mixed, 1 as solid carcinoma and 1 as tubular carcinoma. We found the highest mean number of PCNA and MMP-9 positive cells in solid subtype. In conclusion, we thought that a positive relationship between cell proliferation and invasion and metastasis capacity under the solid subtype.

Cytological Evaluation of Pathological Male Breast Lesions

Objective This study aimed to determine the cytodiagnostic spectrum of various male breast lesions, which were corroborated on histopathology as appropriate, to describe the process of the cytomorphology of some uncommon pathological lesions, and to discuss the reasons of their misdiagnoses. Materials and methods In this 8-year study, a total of 114 patients underwent fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). In a representative case, nipple discharge from an 8-month-old child was examined. Confirmatory histopathology was obtained in 38 cases only. Results Gynecomastia was the most common (63.5%) male breast pathology. Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type was the most common variant of male breast malignancy. Half of the "gray zone" of cytological lesions was confirmed as cancer, but the rest were diagnosed as fibrocystic disease and intraductal papilloma. All cases with malignant cytology matched their corresponding histopathology. However, a tumor from an intraductal papillary carcinoma was miscued as ductal carcinoma on previous FNAC. Conclusion Cytological evaluation of male breast lesions provides highly sensitive and specific results with excellent histologic reproducibility. Thus, it should be the ideal pretherapeutic diagnostic procedure for male breasts. However, some benign pathological conditions, which are particularly associated with epithelial hyperplasia, perplex the cytomorphologic scenario into the "gray zone."

Papillary carcinoma of the male breast in a comparatively young patient: A case report of a rare entity

Breast carcinoma in men is rare and intra-cystic papillary carcinoma of male breast is an extremelyrare entity. Papillary lesions of male breast comprise of the spectrum of lesions ranging from benignintraductal papilloma to intraductal papillary carcinoma and invasive papillary carcinoma. It occursmost commonly in the seventh decade of life and accounts for &lt;1% of all breast malignancies. Thepresent case report is of a comparatively younger, 37 years old male who presented with a mass onlower quadrant (retro-areolar region) of the left breast.

Exosomes exist in nipple discharge of breast cancer.

Exosomes exist in nipple discharge of breast cancer.

Lesiones papilares intraductales mamarias: nuestra experiencia 2007-2017

ObjectivesTo provide a review and analysis of cases of intraductal papillary breast lesions diagnosed at our centre between January 2007 and December 2017, and to study the association between papillary lesions and breast cancer. Patients and methodsWe performed a retrospective descriptive study using the pathology database of our centre. We included 135 patients with a pathological diagnosis of papillary lesion (isolated benign papilloma, multiple papillomatosis, papilloma with carcinoma in situ, papilloma with atypia or intraductal papillary carcinoma). The main variables were age, the diagnostic procedures performed, the presence of higher-grade lesions associated with the papillary lesion, and the development of breast neoplasms during follow-up. ResultsThe patients’ mean age was 50 years. Ductoscopy had high sensitivity (88%). Twelve patients (9%) had carcinomas on the papillary lesion or its surrounding areas (8 carcinomas in situ and 4infiltrating carcinomas) and 4patients (3%) had associated atypical hyperplasia. With a mean follow-up of 34 months, 6 patients had recurrence as a papillary lesion (one multiple papillomatosis and 5papillomas), 3 patients relapsed with a neoplastic lesion, and one patient developed a contralateral neoplasm. ConclusionsIn the presence of a suspected papillary lesion and nipple secretion, ductoscopy should be considered due to its high sensitivity. The high incidence of neoplasms associated with papillary lesions or their development during follow-up justifies their complete surgical excision and strict follow-up.

Malignant intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct with intrahepatic rupture

Mucin producing intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPMN-B) has previously been reported in various terms including intraductal papillary neoplasia of the liver, mucin-hypersecreting biliary papillomatosis, and mucin-producing cholagiocarcinoma. Malignant IPMN-B is a referred as intraductal growth type of intrahepatic chlangiocarcinoma (ICC), which is a rare disease and reveal a more favorable prognosis. Therefore we reported malignant intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct with intrahepatic rupture. Case report: A 52-year male was admitted for RUQ pain and fever. Vital sign was stable and he showed mild tenderness of RUQ abdomen. Initial laboratory test revealed WBC 14700, Hg 11.7, Plt 132000, and AST/ALT of 1880/1770IU/L, T B 2.23mg/dL, AFP of 1.47ng/mL, ca19-9 of 16.2 U/mL, and Initial ABDO CT was shown subcapsular hemobilia in right liver with internal enhancing mass in left bile duct, so diagnosed malignant IPMN-B with intrahepatic rupture. Pet-CT was shown no distant metastasis and the high FDG uptake in the tumor with in left bile duct. The S4 bile duct with mass was attached to middle hepatic vein, so we performed a modified left hepatectomy with segmental resection of middle-hepatic vein and reconstruction with gore-tex. Operation time was 7hr 30 min and blood loss was 350cc. It diagnosed well differentiated, 6x4x2.5cm sized, intraductal papillary carcinoma of the bile duct. There was no metastasis of regional lymph node. The patient had no postoperative complications and was discharged. Conclusion: Through precise preoperative diagnosis and wide complete resection of malignant IMN-B, a more favorable prognosis can be expected.

Establishment and characterization of a new triple-negative canine mammary cancer cell line.

Canine mammary tumor (CMT) has always been an ideal animal model for human breast cancer (HBC) research, however, there is a lack of various established CMT cell lines corresponding to HBC cell lines. This study was designed to establish a new type of CMT cell line. The primary tumor, CMT-7364, was identified as the intraductal papillary carcinoma, and showed negative immunoreactivity to estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The CMT-7364 cell line from this primary tumor also shows a negative immunoreactivity to ER, PR, and HER-2, and was negative to epithelial cell markers and positive to mesenchymal cell markers by immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis. This cell line, which has been stably cultured for more than 115 passages, and was characterized by epithelial origin with the expression of the epithelial antigen by ICC analysis and invasion ability by transwell analysis. In vivo, tumor mass and metastases in the lung were found after inoculating the CMT-7364 cells in the nude mice model, and the immune-complete mice model respectively. The tissues from the xenograft tumor were also negative to ER, PR, and HER-2 by IHC analysis. Thus, a novel triple negative canine mammary cancer cell line, CMT-7364, was successfully established, which could be used as a promising model for the research of immunotherapy and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) mechanism of the triple-negative breast cancer both in canine and human.

Mammographic and ultrasound findings in poroid hidradenoma of the breast mimicking intraductal papilloma and papillary carcinoma

Rationale:Poroid hidradenoma (PH) is a rare variant of benign sweat gland neoplasm without connection to the epidermis. This tumor presents clinically as a solitary lesion with a cystic component located in the subcutaneous layer abutting the skin. On ultrasound, it appears as a circumscribed complex cystic and solid mass abutting the dermis. The occurrence of PH in the breast is very rare. Its features overlap with intraductal papilloma and papillary carcinoma.Patient concerns:A 66-year-old woman presented with a palpable lump in her right breast.Diagnoses:Clinical examination revealed dark bluish dome-shaped nodule which presented as circumscribed round isodense mass on mammography and oval complex cystic and solid mass abutting the dermis on ultrasound. Clinically, a papillary neoplasm was suspected.Interventions:The patient underwent En bloc surgical excision including the overlying epidermis and the surrounding adipose tissue to prevent recurrence.Outcomes:A well-demarcated, non-encapsulated grayish white mass composed of a partly solid and partly cystic area was completely removed and histopathologically confirmed as PH. At the 12-month follow-up, no recurrence was evident.Lessons:PH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a slowly growing breast mass that is bluish, cystic, and solid and abuts the dermis.

Analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in 674 cases of breast intraductal papillary tumor

Objective: Breast intraductal papillary tumors are clinically common diseases derived from the ducts. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of intraductal papillary tumors and risk factors for carcinogenesis. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 674 patients with breast intraductal papillary tumors, who underwent surgery in the National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2010 to July 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The median follow-up time was 46 months. The 674 cases were classified into 547 intraductal papilloma, 88 cases of intraductal papillary carcinoma, 32 cases of intracystic papillary carcinoma, and 7 cases of solid papillary carcinoma of breast. After a median follow-up time of 46 months, 13 out of 547 (2.4%) intraductal papillomas had local recurrence in the original dissected quadrat, another 10 cases developed breast cancer in the original dissected quadrat. The 3-year recurrence-free survival rates in intraductal papilloma and intraductal papilloma accompanied with atypical ductal hyperplasia were 97.7% and 93.5%, respectively, the recurrence-free survival curves showed a significant difference (P=0.011). Multivariate analysis indicated that atypical ductal hyperplasia was a major prognostic factor affecting the recurrence-free survival of intraductal papilloma (RR=0.183, 95%CI=0.054 to 0.777, P=0.020). Four cases (3.1%) of intraductal papillary carcinoma had local recurrence. The logistic analysis showed that patient aged >45 years, clinical manifestations of a breast lump, maximum tumor diameter greater than 2 cm are possible clinical manifestation of malignant breast intraductal papillary tumors (RR=1.735, 95%CI=1.007-2.990, P=0.047; RR=2.849, 95%CI=1.207-6.711, P=0.017; RR=3.792, 95%CI=2.162-6.653, P<0.001). Conclusions: Intraductal papillary tumors have a certain recurrence rate. Age, clinical features and tumor size may be predictive factors of intraductal papillary carcinoma.