Intracellular Fluid Research Articles

Phase angle is not associated with fatigue in cancer patients: the hydration impact

Cancer patients suffer from metabolic and pathophysiological changes that contribute to malnutrition. These metabolic changes lead to loss of cell integrity, which induces dehydration intracellular and increase extracellular fluid. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived phase angle (PhA) is considered a good tool to evaluate hydration status, but in cancer patients it is not fully elucidated. Thus, in cancer patients the aims of this study were to (1) verify the association between PhA and fatigue, (2) verify the association between PhA and fatigue after adjustment for extracellular fluid accumulation, and (3) assess the prevalence of fatigue. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 124 patients of both genders on cancer treatment. Body weight, height, body mass index, handgrip strength, performance status, and cachexia were collected. In addition, body composition was evaluated by BIA to obtain hydration status and PA. The cut-off point used to classify patients with low PhA was set <4°. To identify fatigue, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Fatigue questionnaire was applied. Of the 124 patients evaluated (n = 98/79% men), 26% had fatigue. The prevalence of fatigue was higher in patients with lower PhA <4° (65.63%). In the logistic regression analyses, we found that patients with PhA >4° had lower risk for fatigue (OR: 0.92 95% CI [0.86-0.99], p = 0.03) in the crude model, however after adjustments by weight loss percentage in 6 months, age, sex, and hydration the association was not maintained (OR: 0.94 95% CI [0.85-1.04], p = 0.26). In conclusion, we found that ~26% of cancer patients have fatigue. In spite of adjustment for extracellular fluid, PhA is not associated with fatigue. The importance of measuring PhA to assess intra and extracellular hydration in cancer patients is highlighted.

Extracellular Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles-Antibacterial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Strains.

Herein, we report the use of a cell-free extract for the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their potential to address the growing threat of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria. The reproducibility of AgNP synthesis was good and AgNP formation kinetics were monitored as a function of various reaction factors via ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. This green method was dependent on the alkaline pH of the reaction mixture. With the addition of dilute sodium hydroxide, well-dispersed AgNPs could be produced in large quantities via the classical nucleation and growth route. The new biosynthetic route enabled the production of AgNPs within a narrow size range of 4 to 17 nm. The AgNPs were characterized using various techniques and their antibacterial activity against MDR pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. Field-emission scanning electron microscopic imaging revealed prominent morphological changes in Staphylococcus aureus cells due to mechanical damage, which led to cell death. Escherichia coli cells showed signs of contraction and intracellular fluid discharge as a consequence of disrupted cell membrane function. This new biologically-assisted extracellular strategy is potentially useful for the decontamination of surfaces and is expected to contribute to the development of new products containing AgNPs.

Associations between hydration state and pregnancy complications, maternal-infant outcomes: protocol of a prospective observational cohort study

BackgroundWater requirements increases with gestational age. Insufficient water intake causes dehydration, which may adversely affect maternal health and birth outcomes. However, few related studies have been conducted. The purposes are to assess the water intake and hydration state among pregnant women, and to investigate the associations with pregnancy complications and maternal and infant outcomes.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study will be applied. A total of 380 pregnant women will be recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University. Hydration biomarkers and health outcomes will be tested during 15~17 weeks’ gestation, 20~22 weeks’ gestation, 30~32 weeks’ gestation, during childbirth and 42 days after childbirth. Daily fluid intake will be collected using a 24-h fluid intake record for 7 consecutive days. A semi-quantified food frequency method will be used to assess food intake and water intake from food. Anthropometric measurement will be taken following standardized processes. Intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) will be measured using a body composition analyzer. Morning fasting urine and blood osmolality will be tested by laboratory physicians using an osmotic pressure molar concentration meter. Pregnancy complications will be assessed and diagnosed throughout pregnancy and childbirth. Maternal-infant outcomes will be monitored using related indicators and technologies. In order to explore the internal mechanism and interactions from the perspective of endocrine, pregnancy related hormones (estradiol, prolactin, progesterone) and the hydration-related hormones (copeptin) will be tested during pregnancy. A mixed model of repeated measures ANOVA will be analyzed using SAS 9.2.ResultsThe results may provide basic data on water intake among pregnant women. The association between hydration state and maternal-infant outcomes will also be explored.ConclusionsThis preliminary exploratory study findings will fill the gaps in the research on water intake, hydration and maternal health, birth outcomes, provide scientific reference data for updating recommendation on water adequate intake among pregnant women, and provide suggestion for developing water intake interventions.Trial registrationThe protocol has been registered on the website of Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. The Identifier code is ChiCTR1800019284. The Registry date is 3 November, 2018. Registry name is “Study for the correlation between hydration state and pregnancy complications, maternal and infant outcomes during pregnancy”.

Photoacoustic viscoelasticity imaging for the detection of acute hepatitis: a feasibility study

Biomechanical assessments are essential for the understanding of physiological states and the characterization of certain tissue pathologies such as liver cirrhosis. In this work, we showed by the photoacoustic viscoelasticity (PAVE) imaging that obvious mechanical change was also observed in the development of the acute hepatitis owing to the hepatocyte enlargement and intracellular fluid increment, indicating that the PAVE technique can be developed as a supplementary method for detecting acute hepatitis in future. The feasibility of the PAVE imaging is validated by a group of agar phantoms. Furthermore, acute hepatitis pathological animal models were established and imaged ex vivo and in situ by the PAVE technique to demonstrate its capability for the mechanical characterization of acute hepatitis, and the imaging results were consistent with pathological results. The feasibility study of detecting acute hepatitis by the PAVE technique proved that this method has potential to be developed as a clinical biomechanical imaging method to supplement current clinical strategy for liver disease detection.

Facile One Pot Greener Synthesis of Sophorolipid Capped Gold Nanoparticles and its Antimicrobial Activity having Special Efficacy Against Gram Negative Vibrio cholerae

Microbes develop several strategies to survive in the adverse condition such as biofilm formation, attaining non-dividing state, altering drug target or drug, thereby increases the burden of drug dosage. To combat these issues, nanoparticles have shown an alternative approach for new treatment strategy but synthesis via chemical synthetic route limits their application in biomedical field. Here, green method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using sophorolipid (SL) is discussed that is characterized by various techniques. Initially, the antimicrobial activity was checked against metabolically active state of microbes; Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Vibrio cholerae using XTT assay and growth kinetics assay. Results suggested higher efficacy of nanoparticles for Gram-negative, therefore further analyzed against Escherichia coli that confirmed its potency for the same. AuNPs-SL also signifies its efficiency at least metabolically active state; non dividing cells and biofilm of these microbes. Induced morphological changes were studied by SEM that revealed AuNPs-SL led to disruption of cell membrane and leakage of intracellular fluid to the surroundings. Inhibition of respiratory enzymes activity also plays a crucial role in bactericidal action as indicated by LDH assay. Synergy of AuNPs-SL with different antibiotics was also analyzed using checkerboard assay. These results suggested the possible use of AuNPs-SL as an antimicrobial therapy in the field of nanomedicine.

A Non-Targeted Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry Strategy to Study Metabolic Differences in an In vitro Model of High-Glucose Induced Changes in Human Proximal Tubular HK-2 Cells.

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by the chronic loss of kidney function due to high glucose renal levels. HK-2 proximal tubular cells are good candidates to study this disease. The aim of this work was to study an in vitro model of high glucose-induced metabolic alterations in HK-2 cells to contribute to the pathogenesis of this diabetic complication. An untargeted metabolomics strategy based on CE-MS was developed to find metabolites affected under high glucose conditions. Intracellular and extracellular fluids from HK-2 cells treated with 25 mM glucose (high glucose group), with 5.5 mM glucose (normal glucose group), and with 5.5 mM glucose and 19.5 mM mannitol (osmotic control group) were analyzed. The main changes induced by high glucose were found in the extracellular medium where increased levels of four amino acids were detected. Three of them (alanine, proline, and glutamic acid) were exported from HK-2 cells to the extracellular medium. Other affected metabolites include Amadori products and cysteine, which are more likely cause and consequence, respectively, of the oxidative stress induced by high glucose in HK-2 cells. The developed CE-MS platform provides valuable insight into high glucose-induced metabolic alterations in proximal tubular cells and allows identifying discriminative molecules of diabetic nephropathy.

A phenomenological model for the inelastic stress–strain response of a potato tuber

In this article, we synthesise concepts from the theories of plasticity, volumetric growth, and pseudo-hyperelasticity to develop a phenomenological constitutive model for potato tuber tissue. Here, particular focus is laid on the inhomogeneity of the constitutive behaviour across different anatomical zones of a potato tuber. The internal stresses are expressed in terms of an elastic contribution to the local strains and are controlled by a kinetic memory variable that traces the past strain history. Inelastic strains, by contrast, are considered as a combination of a plastic component and a pure volumetric component mimicking the eviction of fluid. Considering tubers of cultivar Belana, we identify the relevant constitutive parameters based on stress–stretch curves obtained from single-cycle uniaxial compression experiments on samples extracted from different anatomical tuber parts. The stress–strain response of the tissue is characterised by a pronounced and well-reproducible hysteresis which displays slight stiffening along the initial loading branch. Considering the parenchyma microstructure, the significant reduction in tissue turgidity on unloading may be caused by the eviction of intracellular fluid from the parenchyma cells and an inelastic cell wall response. The experiments show that the inelastic volume change varies approximately linearly with the axial stretch. Additionally, histological analyses are presented in an attempt to quantify microstructural inhomogeneities.

Model of the Nerve Impulse with Account of Mechanosensory Processes: Stationary Solutions.

Mechanotransduction refers to a physiological process by which mechanical forces, such as pressures exerted by ionized fluids on cell membranes and tissues, can trigger excitations of electrical natures that play important role in the control of various sensory (i.e. stimuli-responsive) organs and homeostasis of living organisms. In this work, the influence of mechanotransduction processes on the generic mechanism of the action potential is investigated analytically, by considering a mathematical model that consists of two coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. One of these two equations is the Korteweg-de Vries equation governing the spatio-temporal evolution of the density difference between intracellular and extracellular fluids across the nerve membrane, and the other is Hodgkin-Huxley cable equation for the transmembrane voltage with a self-regulatory (i.e. diode-type) membrane capacitance. The self-regulatory feature here refers to the assumption that membrane capacitance varies with the difference in density of ion-carrying intracellular and extracellular fluids, thus ensuring an electromechanical feedback mechanism and consequently an effective coupling of the two nonlinear equations. The exact one-soliton solution to the density-difference equation is obtained in terms of a pulse excitation. With the help of this exact pulse solution the Hodgkin-Huxley cable equation is shown to transform, in steady state, to a linear eigenvalue problem some bound states of which can be obtained exactly. Few of such bound-state solutions are found analytically.

Оценка эффективности использования смеси на основе гидролизата сывороточного белка для нутритивной поддержки детей с детским церебральным параличом

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of using a semi-element mixture for nutritional supplementation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and a body mass deficit with gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients and Methods: 27 children with CP aged from 2 to 18 years were examined. All children underwent the following tests: anthropometry (measurement of body weight and linear growth), measurement of the triceps and biceps skinfold thickness, shoulder circumference measurement, body composition estimation by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, calculation of basic energy demand indicators. A semi-elemental mixture based on whey protein hydrolysate with a high content of medium-chain triglycerides was used as nutritional supplementation. The diet therapy efficacy was evaluated after 6 months based on the analysis of the dynamics of anthropometric indicators and gastrointestinal symptoms. Results: all children had a body mass deficit, in the structure of which the severe body mass deficit was 48.2%. The study of body composition components revealed a deficit of lean body mass, active cell mass, absolute and relative amounts of body fat mass, total and intracellular fluid. Gastrointestinal symptoms were mainly represented by disorders of bowel habit in the form of constipation (70.4% of cases), changes in appetite (reduced/selective hunger; 63% of cases) and flatulence (51.8%). When re-examined after 6 months, 44.4% of children’s body weight indicators reached the age norm during nutritional supplementation with a semi-elemental mixture. Body mass deficit of various degrees persisted in 15 (55.6%) patients, while severe body mass deficit — only in 6 (22.2%). The range of weight gain was from 0.5 to 8.4 kg. An increase in the shoulder muscles circumference indicates an increase in the somatic protein pool, which is confirmed by the analysis of the body component composition. An increase in the estimated value of the basic energy demand was registered. Gastrointestinal symptoms were stopped in 44.4% of cases, while constipation persisted in 15 (55.6%) children. Conclusion: the high efficiency of nutritional supplementation with the semi-elemental mixture in children with CP, body mass deficit and gastrointestinal symptoms is confirmed by the positive dynamics of anthropometric indicators and a decrease in the frequency of gastrointestinal manifestations. KEYWORDS: cerebral palsy, body mass deficit, anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, gastrointestinal symptoms, nutritional supplementation, diet therapy, cow’s milk protein hydrolysate, semi-elemental mixture. FOR CITATION: Titova O.N., Taran N.N., Strokova T.V. et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of using a mixture based on whey protein hydrolysate for nutritional supplementation of children with cerebral palsy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(5):282–289. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821- 2020-4-5-282-289.

Electrotomographic Imaging of Cell using Changes in Electrical Impedance Spectrum due to Ion Transport between Intracellular and Extracellular fluids

Electrotomographic Imaging of Cell using Changes in Electrical Impedance Spectrum due to Ion Transport between Intracellular and Extracellular fluids

Assessment of blood level of vitamin C in children with bronchial asthma

Objective The aim was to assess the serum level of vitamin C in children with bronchial asthma. Background Vitamin C is abundant in the extracellular and intracellular lining fluid of the lungs, so it can participate in the primary lung defense against the reduction of oxidative mechanisms and therefore it has protective effects against bronchial asthma. Patients and methods This study was a case–control study that involved 60 pediatric patients with bronchial asthma as the cases group and 25 apparently normal children as the control group. All patients and controls were subjected to the same history taking, clinical examination, and investigations which involved: (a) laboratory investigations such as (i) complete blood count (red blood cells–white blood cells–platelets) by coulter, (ii) Differential leukocytic count especially (eosinophils), (iii) estimation of plasma level of vit C; (b) plain radiography for chest and heart (posteroanterior view): to exclude other chest diseases such as atelectasis or pneumonia and heart failure or cardiomegaly; and (c) pulmonary function tests such as spirometry: the apparatus used was ZAN 100 Spirometry. This was a portable spirometer capable of measuring both expiratory and inspiratory parameters. It was done to children above 6 years of age only. The pulmonary function tests used were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC%). Results Bronchial asthma was predominant in men (about 31 men, 51.66%) than women (about 29 women 48.33%) in the cases group. Thirty-two asthmatic children (about 53.3%) had a positive history of consanguinity and 32 asthmatic children (about 53.33%) had a positive history of atopy. There were highly statistically significant differences between cases and control groups as regards FVC% and FEV1(P Conclusion We found that children with bronchial asthma had significant lower levels of serum vitamin C than the control children. There were statistically significant differences between cases and control groups as regards severity of asthma and serum vitamin C levels. We concluded that a low level of vitamin C may influence the development of bronchial asthma and serum vitamin C deficiency may be caused or aggravated in asthmatic children.

Sweroside promotes osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization via interaction of membrane estrogen receptor-α and GPR30 mediated p38 signalling pathway on MC3T3-E1 cells

BackgroundDipsaci Radix has been clinically used for thousands of years in China for strengthening muscles and bones. Sweroside is the major active iridoid glycoside isolated from Dipsaci Radix. It has been reported that sweroside can promote alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in both the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 and rat osteoblasts. However, the underlying mechanism involved in these osteoblastic processes is poorly understood. PurposeThis study aimed to characterize the bone protective effects of sweroside and to investigate the signaling pathway that is involved in its actions in MC3T3-E1 cells. MethodsCell proliferation, differentiation and mineralization were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay, ALP test and Alizarin Red S staining, respectively. The concentration of sweroside in intracellular and extracellular fluids was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole xevo-mass spectrometry (UPLC/TQ-XS-MS). Proteins associated with the osteoblastic signaling pathway were analysed by western blot and immunofluorescence methods. ResultsSweroside did not obviously affect the proliferation but significantly promoted the ALP activity and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. The maximal absorption amount 0.465 ng/ml (1.3 × 10−9 M) of sweroside was extremely lower than the tested concentration of 358.340 ng/ml (10−6 M), indicating an extremely low absorption rate by MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, the ALP activity, the protein expression of ER-α and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) induced by sweroside were markedly blocked by both the ER antagonist ICI 182780 and the GPR30 antagonist G15. In addition, sweroside also activated the phosphorylation of p38 kinase (p-p38), while the phosphorylation effects together with ALP and mineralization activities were completely blocked by a p38 antagonist, SB203580. Additionally, the phosphorylation of p38 induced by sweroside were markedly blocked by both the ER antagonist ICI 182780 and the GPR30 antagonist G15. ConclusionsThe present study indicated that sweroside, as a potential agent in treatment of osteoporosis, might exert beneficial effects on MC3T3-E1 cells by interaction with the membrane estrogen receptor-α and GPR30 that then activates the p38 signaling pathway. This is the first study to report the specific mechanism of the effects of sweroside on osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells.

Combined Predictive Value of Extracellular Fluid/Intracellular Fluid Ratio and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index for Mortality in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.

The ratio of extracellular fluid (ECF) to intracellular fluid (ICF) may be associated with mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis, possibly associated with protein-energy wasting. We therefore investigated the relationship of the ECF/ICF ratio and the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) with the all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality in 234 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Bioimpedance analysis of the ECF and ICF was performed and the ECF/ICF ratio was independently associated with GNRI (β = −0.247, p < 0.0001). During a median follow-up of 2.8 years, 72 patients died, of which 29 were cardiovascular. All-cause mortality was independently associated with a lower GNRI (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.01–6.25) and a higher ECF/ICF ratio (aHR 11.38, 95%CI 5.29–27.89). Next, we divided patients into four groups: group 1 (G1), higher GNRI and lower ECF/ICF ratio; G2, lower GNRI and lower ECF/ICF ratio; G3, higher GNRI and higher ECF/ICF ratio; and G4, lower GNRI and higher ECF/ICF ratio. Analysis of these groups revealed 10-year survival rates of 91.2%, 67.2%, 0%, and 0% in G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively. The aHR for G4 versus G1 was 43.4 (95%CI 12.2–279.8). Adding the GNRI alone, the ECF/ICF ratio alone, or both to the established risk model improved the net reclassification improvement by 0.444, 0.793 and 0.920, respectively. Similar results were obtained for cardiovascular mortality. In conclusion, the ECF/ICF ratio was independently associated with GNRI and could predict mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Combining the GNRI and ECF/ICF ratio could improve mortality predictions.

Cytoplasmic convection currents and intracellular temperature gradients.

Intracellular thermometry has recently demonstrated temperatures in the nucleus, mitochondria, and centrosome to be significantly higher than those of the cytoplasm and cell membrane. This local thermogenesis and the resulting temperature gradient could facilitate the development of persistent, self-organizing convection currents in the cytoplasm of large eukaryotes. Using 3-dimensional computational simulations of intracellular fluid motion, we quantify the convective velocities that could result from the temperature differences observed experimentally. Based on these velocities, we identify the conditions necessary for this temperature-driven bulk flow to dominate over random thermal diffusive motion at the scale of a single eukaryotic cell. With temperature gradients of the order 1°C and diffusion coefficients comparable to those described in the literature, Péclet numbers ≥ 1 are feasible and permit comparable or greater effects of convection than diffusion in determining intracellular mass flux. In addition to the temperature gradient, the resulting flow patterns would also depend on the spatial localization of the heat source, the shape of the cell membrane, and the complex intracellular structure including the cytoskeleton. While this intracellular convection would be highly context-dependent, in certain settings, convective motion could provide a previously unrecognized mechanism for directed, bulk transport within eukaryotic cells.

Lymphedema and the mobilization of intracellular and extracellular fluids with intensive treatment

Lymphedema and the mobilization of intracellular and extracellular fluids with intensive treatment

Serum Sodium Concentration and Tonicity in Hyperglycemic Crises: Major Influences and Treatment Implications.

Maintenance of the volume of all cells, particularly those of the central nervous system, is critical for their function and survival.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Tonicity (ie, effective osmolarity) of a solution refers to its property to cause osmotic fluid shifts into or out of cells suspended in it. Direct determination of serum tonicity is not readily available for clinical applications.6 Serum sodium concentration ([Na]S) is the main parameter used as a surrogate value for serum tonicity.5, 6, 7 The only direct information provided by [Na]S is whether serum tonicity is normal (the volume of cells exposed to a serum with normal [Na]S is not affected), low (the volume of cells exposed to a serum with low [Na]S increases by osmotic intracellular transfer of water), or high (the volume of cells exposed to a serum with high [Na]S decreases by osmotic transfer of water out of the cells).6, 7 In a pivotal study, Edelman and coinvestigators identified total body sodium, total body potassium, and total body water as the universal determinants of [Na]S in patients with various states potentially associated with extracellular volume disturbances.8 Abnormalities in [Na]S usually result from changes in the external balance of one of its 3 determinants or a combination thereof. The relations between [Na]S and total body sodium, total body potassium, and total body water have been expressed by various formulas. The original Edelman formula expresses sodium concentration in plasma water.8 The Nguyen and Kurtz formula expresses sodium concentration in plasma, which is essentially equal to [Na]S.9 Nguyen and Kurtz developed their formula by multiplying the components of the Edelman formula by a correction coefficient equal to 0.93, which represents the normal plasma water fraction. The Rose formula, which represents a simplified version of the Edelman formula, expresses [Na]S as the fraction (total body sodium plus total body potassium) over total body water.10 Formulas calculating the tonicity of replacement solutions for correction of dysnatremias applied in clinical practice11, 12, 13, 14 are based on the Rose formula, which will also be the basis of the calculations in this review. The principle that underlies the distribution of body water in the 2 major body‐fluid compartments states that the intracellular/extracellular volume ratio is equal to the intracellular/extracellular solute ratio.15 This relationship is a direct consequence of Peter's osmotic principle, which states that in the steady state, solute concentration (osmolality) is equal in the intracellular and extracellular fluids.16 Total body sodium and potassium represent the major solutes in body fluids: sodium is essentially restricted in the extracellular compartment and potassium in the intracellular compartment. Consequently, total body sodium is a measure of effective extracellular solutes, whereas total body potassium represents the effective intracellular solutes. Hyperglycemic crises create complex disturbances in body water and its distribution between the intracellular and extracellular compartments, in addition to tonicity problems not reflected directly in [Na]S. This review analyzes the pathogenesis and treatment of hyperglycemic hypertonicity.

Study of the dielectric characteristics of living glial-like cells using terahertz ATR spectroscopy.

The attenuated total reflection spectroscopy system with the Si container attached on the prism has been demonstrated as an efficient technique to obtain the dielectric properties of living cells in the THz range. We proposed a method to determine the dielectric responses of living cells based on the combination of the single-interface and two-interface ATR models without cell thickness. The experimental results for living glial-like cells (PC12, SVG P12 and HMO6) showed the dielectric responses in the THz region were related significantly to cell number, intracellular fluid, and cell structure. Moreover, the glioma cells (C6 and U87) exhibited different dielectric properties compared with the glial-like cells, which could be one reason for the glioma tissue diagnosis using THz wave.

Investigation of Body Composition of Footballers by Bioelectrical Impedance Method

Objective: This study aims at examining the body composition of male football players who perform regular football training by Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA) method and comparing it with a healthy control group and investigating the effect of regular exercise on body composition.Materials and Methods: A total of 60 people participated in the study, including 30 volunteer male football players performing football trainings regularly from 11 Nisan Football Club playing in Turkey Football Federation Regional Amateur League (BAL) and 30 healthy volunteer control group consisting of male students from Harran University Medical Faculty. Both groups’ ages and body mass indexes are similar to each other. Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA) method was used for Osseosis, skeletal muscle weight (SMM), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), waist hip ratio (WHR), and basal metabolism parameters of the participants. The data obtained were evaluated with SPSS 23.0 statistical package program, and the significance level was evaluated as p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05.Findings: There was no statistically significant difference between the values of age, height, weight, intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, protein, mineral, skeletal muscle weight (SMM), body mass index (BMI) and muscle ratios of the experimental and control groups (p &gt; 0.05). When the parameters of basal metabolism, Osseosis and skeletal muscle weight of the experimental group were discussed, no significant relationship was detected, although they were high numerically (p &gt; 0.05). It was determined that the body fat percentage (BFP) of the experimental and control groups was correlated at p &lt; 0.01 level and waist-hip ratio was correlated (WHR) at p &lt; 0.05 level, which was statistically significant. As a result, although there was no significant difference between BMI values between the football players and the control group, the fact that the players' lower BMI values and lower waist-hip ratios showed that regular training reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases.

Association between the content of intracellular and extracellular fluid and the amount of water intake among Chinese college students

BackgroundNormal distribution of body fluid is important for maintaining health through the balance of water metabolism. Studies have shown that disease states and diuretics perturb the balance and then induce abnormal intracellular/extracellular fluid ratio. However, there are relatively few researches on the associations between water intakes and body fluid. The objective of this study was to explore the association between body fluid and water intake.MethodsA total of 159 young adults in Baoding, China were recruited in this cross-sectional survey and completeness of follow-up was 98.1%. A 7-day fluid specific diary was used to record total fluid intake (TFI). Water intake from foods (FWI) for 3 days was measured using the methods of weighting, duplicate portion method and laboratory analysis by researchers. Body fluid was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.ResultsTotal body water (TBW), intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) of participants were 32.8[28.0,39.2], 20.5[17.3,24.5] and 12.4[10.7,14.7], (kg). This represented 55.2 ± 6.2, 34.4 ± 4.0 and 20.8 ± 2.3 (%) of body weight (BW), respectively. ICF, ECF and TBW among male participants who drank more than or equal to adequate TFI was higher than those who drank less (Z = -1.985, p = 0.047; Z = -2.134, p = 0.033; Z = -2.053, p = 0.040). Among both males and females, the values of TBW/BW in participants whose TWI met or exceeded the AI were higher than those with TWI less than AI (t = − 2.011, p = 0.046; t = − 2.716, p = 0.008). Among all participants, there was moderate correlation between water intakes (TFI/BW, FWI/BW and TWI/BW) and body fluid (ICF/BW,ECF/BW and TBW/BW) (p < 0.01 for all). Same correlations were found among both males and females.ConclusionThere is a certain degree of association between water intake and body fluid. However, whether TFI or TWI achieve AI or not do not disturb the balance on the distribution of body fluid. More studies should be conducted to find the diagnostic threshold on TFI and TWI which may disrupt the distribution of body fluid so as to prevent related diseases.Trial registrationChinese clinical trial registry. Name of the registry: Relationship of drinking water and urination. Trial registration number: ChiCTR-ROC-17010320. Date of registration: 01/04/2017. URL of trial registry record: http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=17601&htm=4.

Monitoring transcellular fluid shifts during episodes of intradialytic hypotension using bioimpedance spectroscopy.

BackgroundTranscellular fluid shifts during dialysis treatment could be related to the frequency and severity of intradialytic hypotension (IDH). We investigated that (i) in addition to ultrafiltration, extracellular fluid (ECF) is further depleted by transcellular fluid shifts and (ii) changes in intracellular fluid (ICF), which have been overlooked so far, or if they were considered, are not understood, might be due to these fluid shifts.MethodsThirty-six patients were categorized as haemodynamically stable, asymptomatic IDH or unstable (symptomatic IDH) according to their changes in systolic blood pressure and associated clinical symptoms. Their intradialytic changes in body fluids were studied using bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements and compared among groups.ResultsFor IDH-prone patients, data showed a rapid drop in ECF that was more than expected from the ultrafiltration rate (UFR) profile and was associated with a significant increase in ICF (P = 0.001). Study of accumulative loss profiles of ECF revealed a loss in ECF up to 300 ml, more than that predicted from UFR for unstable patients.ConclusionsThe considerable discrepancy between the expected and measured loss in ECF might provide evidence of transcellular fluid shifts possibly induced by changes in plasma osmolarity due to haemodialysis. Moreover, the results suggest a pattern of fluid removal in IDH-prone patients that significantly differs from that in haemodynamically stable patients.