Intrafamilial Relations Research Articles

The Hidden Side of the Covid-19 Epidemic Process Increasing Domestic Violence

After COVID-19, which took hold of the world when the least expected, was declared as a pandemic, quickly made its presence felt throughout the world, and this sudden evolvement undoubtedly affected the family structure and intrafamilial relations the most. While the quarantine process was an opportunity for families which could not get around to each other in family relationships, the situation was not at all heartwarming for family members who had problems in intrafamilial relationships. Home became the most used place in the quarantine process means that families spend time together longer than usual. As families who had problems in pre-COVID-19 period had to spend more time together at the quarantine process, this situation made this difficult situation even more troublesome for family members who experienced violence in the home. This study was conducted to compare the restrictions and quarantine months applied in the Covid-19 continuum with the months before the restriction. The aim of the study is to determine the percentage increase in the number of domestic violence cases that mount during the months restrictions were imposed due to quarantine. The study was carried out with the official figures taken from the courthouse of Tarsus district of Mersin province. The study was completed by comparing the average of the domestic violence applications made to the Tarsus courthouse, in the average months of March, April, May and June, which are the months of restrictions, and the monthly average of cases in September, October, November, December, January and February, which are the months before the restrictions. In the comparison made, it was found that there was a % 129.48 increase in domestic violence numbers during the quarantine months when restrictions were applied. When the quarantine months are compared with the months in the previous year, it was determined that the increase was 276.84%.

The Theory of Generations Importance for Implementing Medical and Social Needs of Children and Their Families in Russia

Fundamental principles of the theory of generations and its Russian version, which have been widely distributed in the last three decades especially in psychological science have been analyzed. The author’s opinion on the real possibility of its implementation in the practice for protecting the health of younger generation of the country considering the degree of formation in family and in, educational organization of the child’s life values, behavior and his own health attitude, is presented. The application perspectiveness of the Theory in the medical and organizational, psychological, ethical, and deontological, legal plan on the model of social patronage in the family, medical and social work, especially in the pediatric primary care, acquaintance with the living conditions specialty, education, development and growing up, intrafamilial relations, “problems of fathers and children” are presented.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health, Quality of Life and Intrafamilial Relations - A Population-Based Survey in Germany.

The occurrence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) at the end of 2019 comes along with many challenges. Besides worry for one’s own health and the well-being of the family, all measures applied to limit the spread of the coronavirus affected daily life. School closures, economic shutdown and contact restrictions have led to high levels of stress. The impact on health and families has been widely discussed. However, population-based data are scarce. Here, we have assessed health, quality of life and intrafamilial relations depending on the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a three-step random-route approach, a population-based sample of 2,515 persons (52.6% female, average age of 50.3 years) was recruited during the second COVID-19 wave in Germany in winter 2020/21. While the majority of participants reported no change in their health status and the relationship with their partner and children, more than half of participants reported a decreased quality of life since the beginning of the pandemic. Female gender, age above 60 years, a low household income, not living with a partner and the experience of childhood adversity were associated with a higher risk for a worsening of health, quality of life and intrafamilial relations. These had already been well-established risk factors ahead of the pandemic. In order to avoid further increase of inequality in our society and more devastating impact of the pandemic on health and intrafamilial relations, low-level support and intervention programs are urgently needed.

Teen resilience: the role of school and family connectedness

The sense of connectedness with family and school is an element associated with the psychosocial development in adolescents, being a factor that can influence the way they respond against adversity and adjust to change. This study aimed to establish the predictive value of intrafamilial relationships and connectedness with school, teachers, and between students on resilience in Mexican high school adolescents. The sample consisted of 645 students (50.7% female), with an age range of 12 to 16 years old (M = 13.35, SD = 0.99), from a public high school of México. Participants answered the Intrafamilial Relations Assessment Scale, the subscales of social connectedness with school and students of the MDS3 School Climate Survey, and the revised Resilience Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results indicated moderate positive associations between the study variables and resilience. The higher coefficients were found between intrafamilial relationships and resilience. In the predictive analysis, intrafamilial relationship, connectedness with school and between students, conserved its significance for predicting resilience, with family relationships maintaining the highest coefficient. Results suggest that the family environment is the main factor that shapes how adolescents cope with adversity. Limitations and practical implications are discussed. We conclude it is important to generate strategies that promote a higher adolescent connectedness with key environments for the development of protective factors such as resilience.

Children’s dermatology life quality index and family dermatology life quality index as criteria for the efficiency of physiorehabilitation of children with atopic dermatitis

Social maladjustment of children with atopic dermatitis, an increase in the number of cases of disability in pediatric practice, violation of intra-familial relations, rise in the level of anxiety of parents, in particular, of mothers, are closely associated with the formation of protracted recurrent forms. Educational programs for parents, traditional conservative treatment and hydrotherapy in combination with polychromatic polarized light and low-intensity laser blood irradiation significantly improve the quality of life of patients and their families, according to the corresponding indices.

Breathing as Politics and Generational Transmission: Respiratory Legacies of War, Empire and Chinese Patriarchy in Colonial Hong Kong

Abstract The article draws on biographical, autoethnographic and experimental forms of writing in order to reflect on the intergenerational transmission of war and displacement in the late colonial period of British rule in Hong Kong, and Japanese occupation. Intimate histories across three generations reveal experiences typically neglected by customary Chinese or colonial readings of the period. Specifically, the article privileges breathing as a site for analysing the interplay between body and home, dwelling and displacement, and the corporeal and psychic transmission of Chinese patriarchy and Anglo-Chinese intra-familial relations. It links the body as a dwelling for assaults on the ability to breathe—through tuberculosis, opium smoking, asthma and panic—with the physical home that is, in turn, assaulted by bombs, killing, intimate betrayals and fatal illness. Aptly, the Covid-19 “pandemic of breathlessness,” during which the research was conducted, serves as a mnemonic for the reprisal of fears of suffocation and dying.

Change in Family Therapy

A fundamental theoretical premise in Structural Family Therapy (SFT) is that changes in individual members and improvements in intra-familial relations are realized by repairing the family structure. Dysfunctional families are conceptualized in terms of individuals taking on inappropriate roles (e.g., children acting as if they were parents) and the boundaries between parental executive levels and the children/sibling level are unclear, too rigid, or highly permeable. The therapist’s role is to temporarily engage (join) with family members in a way that generates in-session interactions that exemplify the desirable family structure. While the theory supporting these interventions are well developed, there has been little work done on explicating how such tasks may be interactively accomplished in clinical practice. Drawing from the methods of conversation analysis, our aim for this paper is to show how a master therapist in SFT accomplishes some of these transformations during a single therapy session. We focus on the discursive resources through which the therapist is able to readjust the role relationships between a mother and her daughter (i.e., in such a way that the mother can adopt a more agentive position vis-a-vis her children) and how the therapist’s actions indexed core SFT principles of restructuring the family.

«Well, were going to church...»: religious socialization in family following the interviews with believers and their children

Religiosity reproduction in religious families is a new and understudied area in modern Russian sociology. Due to the growth of the number of Russian believers in second and third generation, it has become possible to study the religiosity phenomenon not merely as a result of personal religious conversion, but as a consequence of cross-generational translation within families as well. The article presents the results of the empirical study of religiosity reproduction on religious families. Following the materials of the interviews (n=25) of religious persons (Orthodox and Protestant), the article describes various factors that to one degree or another, impact the religiosity transmission from parents to their children. One may state that in process of religious socialization family plays a more significant role than peers, Sunday school attendance, etc. It has been found that the level of enchurchment of adults is also connected to how they inherited their parents' models and styles of intrafamilial relations during their childhood.

Anne Babaların Akılcı Olmayan İnançları ile Yaşam Doyumları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Bu araştırmanın amacı anne babaların akılcı olmayan inançları ile yaşam doyumları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirmektir. Çalışma, yaşları 24 ile 68 arasında değişen 248’i anne 70’i baba olmak üzere toplam 318 kişiden toplanan veriler üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma da veri toplama aracı olarak Anne Babaların Akılcı Olmayan İnançları Ölçeği ile Yaşam Doyumu Ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde t testi, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis testi, korelasyon ve regresyon teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları anne babaların akılcı olmayan inançlarından gerek beklentiler gerekse mükemmeliyetçilik boyutunda cinsiyete, çalışma durumuna, aile türüne ve köken ailede algılanan aile içi ilişkilere göre farklılaşmadığı, eğitim durumuna ve ailenin ekonomik düzeyine göre farklılaştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte yaşam doyumunun cinsiyet, çalışma durumu, aile türü ve anne babaların eğitim durumuna göre farklılaşmadığı; ailenin gelir durumuna ve köken aileden algılanan aile içi ilişkilere göre farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir. Anne babaların akılcı olmayan inançlarının yaşam doyumlarını yordama durumunu belirlemek için yapılan regresyon analizinde ise akılcı olmayan inançların, beklentiler ve mükemmeliyetçilik boyutlarının yaşam doyumunu anlamlı şekilde yordadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak araştırmadan elde edilen bu bulgular ilgili alan yazın çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

Perceptions of the elderly on aging and violence in intrafamily relationships

Abstract Objective: To identify the different perceptions of the aging process and violence in intrafamilial relations of elderly participants of a social and coexistence group. Method: An exploratory and descriptive qualitative study was performed through the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, with seven elderly people participating in the Coexistence and Strengthening of Bonds social group. The results of the discourses were assessed through thematic content analysis. Results: The extraction into thematic units allowed the elaboration of two intertwined categories: self-perception of the process of intrafamily aging and violence in the eyes of the elderly. Conclusion: The elderly reported that the family is responsible for providing care, appreciation and understanding, and that the aging process brings new possibilities for coexistence, but it is also accompanied by weaknesses and limitations. They also indicated subtle practices of psychological, financial, and abandonment violence, making them impotent, ashamed, and fearful to adopt effective initiatives to restore cordial, ethical, and harmonious family relationships.

The Russian revolution of 1917 through the prism of demographic modernization

In late imperial Russia demographic indicators improved, the efficiency of population replacement increased somewhat, a certain rationalization of demographic behavior occurred, and intra-familial relations were humanized. But arguably the most important changes were that a significant part of the population began to differentiate sexual, matrimonial, and reproductive behavior and to develop individual birth control, changes regarded in demography as criteria for the first demographic transition. The primary explanation for these positive changes lies in the participation in this demographic revolution of approximately 14 percent of Russian citizens, mainly from the educated and affluent population living in large cities, as well as Jewish, Catholic, and Protestant residents of the western regions. The majority of the rural and urban population, of Orthodox, Muslim, pagan, and other non-Christian religious affiliations (approximately 86 percent of the entire population), was superficially affected by the new trends. People who were actively and consciously drawn into the demographic transition, who had been transformed psychologically, mentally, and culturally, were also receptive to innovation in the social, political, cultural, and economic spheres and were the most prepared for and willing to refashion social life on a bourgeois-democratic basis. Their numbers were sufficient for the slow, gradual, overall modernization of the country, but inadequate for rapid and profound revolutionary bourgeois-democratic transformations. Consequently, the Revolution of 1917 proved premature. Political midwives hurried and artificially hastened the birth of a new Russia. The newborn was born preterm. As a result, the revolution could not meet the challenges set by its leaders and organizers.

Российская революция 1917 года сквозь призму демографической модернизации

В позднеимперской России улучшились демографические показатели, несколько повысилась эффективность воспроизводства населения, произошла известная рационализация демографического поведения, гуманизировались внутрисемейные отношения. Но, вероятно, самое главное – у значительной части населения сексуальное, матримониальное и репродуктивное поведение дифференцировалось и получил развитие индивидуальный контроль над рождаемостью, что в демографии рассматривается в качестве критериев первого демографического перехода. Наблюдавшиеся позитивные перемены объяснялись, главным образом тем, что в демографическую революцию включились около 14% российских граждан, в основном из числа образованных и состоятельных людей, проживавших в больших городах, а также жителей западных регионов по вероисповеданию иудеев, католиков и протестантов. Преобладающая часть сельского и городского населения православного, мусульманского, языческого и других вероисповеданий – около 86% всего населения – были затронуты новыми веяниями поверхностно. Люди, активно и сознательно вовлеченные в демографический переход, изменившиеся психологически, ментально и культурно, проявляли восприимчивость к инновациям также и в социальной, политической, культурной, экономической сферах и являлись наиболее подготовленными и желающими преобразований общественной жизни на буржуазно-демократических основаниях. Их было достаточно для медленной и постепенной всеобъемлющей модернизации страны, но мало для быстрых и глубоких революционных буржуазно-демократических преобразований. Вследствие этого Революция 1917 г. оказалась преждевременной. Политические акушеры поторопились и искусственно ускорили рождение новой России. Новорожденный оказался недоношенным. В результате революция не смогла решить задачи, которые ставили ее лидеры и организаторы.

Healthcare Utilization of Gynecological and Reproductive Morbidities: Role of Intra-Familial Relations and Empowerment among Women, Rural India

Healthcare Utilization of Gynecological and Reproductive Morbidities: Role of Intra-Familial Relations and Empowerment among Women, Rural India

Community Stakeholders’ Perceptions of the Role of Family in HIV Prevention in Iringa, Tanzania

ABSTRACTAlthough HIV is identified as a family disease, the overall response to the global HIV epidemic continues to predominantly focus on individuals. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how the role of the family in HIV prevention is perceived by community-based stakeholders. Understanding the role of the family within the context of the HIV/AIDS is essential for community/public health nurses. In total, 34 stakeholders participated in the study. Three major categories were identified namely: fostering positive intra-familial relations, utilizing external resources, and barriers to family roles. The study findings have implications for community-based HIV family interventions.

“Sugar and Spice and All Things Nice?”

This article analyzes the nature and incidence of Scottish parricide from 1700 to 1850. Despite a rarity of prosecutions, parricide (or parental murder) was regarded as an extremely serious offense by the Scottish judiciary. Through an exploration of cases from the Justiciary Court, this article argues that parricide appears to have been a gendered crime in relation to both perpetrator and victim and it tended to occur in the more rural or remote parts of Scotland during the period before 1850. It is also evident that certain circumstantial triggers could act as a catalyst for the crime’s perpetration, such as excessive alcohol consumption. In offering explanations for the lack of parricidal behavior in Scotland before 1850, this article suggests that alongside the church and state working together to foster deference to familial authority, the close-knit bonds of intrafamilial relations were such that parricide was only very rarely resorted to by members of the populace.

Californian Strawberries: Mexican Immigrant Women Sharecroppers, Labor, and Discipline

AbstractMexican immigrant women, children and teenagers, and transnational female workers in the strawberry sharecropping industry in California present a problem in social sciences. Although sharecropping studies examine the family within the political economy of agrarian commercial production, the bulk of the research avoids the question of gender and intrafamilial relations inside the family. Based on long‐term ethnographic research, this paper examines the Mexican immigrant strawberry sharecropping household in Santa Maria, California. It finds that sharecropping families do not only organize female workers to supply the needed labor in the strawberry farm, but that they also engender a female labor force by teaching discipline, fostering a work ethic, and producing a docile body to meet the stoop labor needs of strawberry markets. Through a gender focus, this paper adds to our understanding of Mexican female and children workers in rural labor regimes.

Percepcija kvaliteta odnosa unutar porodice - iskustvo adolescenata iz Srbije

Istraživanje prikazano ovim radom opisuje specifičnosti porodice u Srbiji kao razvojnog okruženja u adolescenciji. Uzorak istraživanja činilo je 780 ispitanika, prosečnog uzrasta 19 godina. Uzorkom su obuhvaćeni mladi u srednjoj i kasnoj adolescenciji (raspon godina bio je od 15-28). U istraživanju je korišten srpski prevod Inventara mreže socijalnih odnosa (Network of Relationships Inventory -NRI, Furman, Buhrmaster, 1985), sa 9 merenih dimenzija odnosa: Prijateljstvo (Companionship), Instrumentalna pomoć (Instrumental Aid), Intimnost (Intimacy), Sigurnost u trajnost odnosa (Reliable Alliance), Poštovanje (Admiration), Briga (Nurturance) i Privrženost (Affection) (kao mere pozitivne razmene), te Konflikti (Conflict) i Antagonizam ( Antagonism) (kao mere negativne interakcije). Rezultati ukazuju na značajne razlike u percepciji odnosa sa majkom i ocem, koje jasno oslikavaju društveno normirane uloge roditelja. Odnos sa siblingom je značajno različit od odnosa sa roditeljima i uključuje više simetričnosti. Rezultati su prodiskutovati u kontekstu doprinosa dominirajućih kulturnih vrednosti proceni odnosa unutar porodice.

Age Cohort, Ancestry, and Immigrant Generation Influences in Family Relations and Psychological Well‐Being among Black Caribbean Family Members

Immigration is contributing to the U.S. population becoming increasingly ethnically diverse. This article examines the role of family relations and well‐being among different generations of Black Caribbean immigrants. Family disruptions, such as migration, can have complex effects on the support networks and emotional well‐being of family members. Data from a recently completed national study of American Blacks in the United States, however, reveal significant similarities across ancestry and immigrant status in family contact, solidarity and well‐being. It is concluded that intrafamilial relations may serve to overcome barriers of geographical distance in providing comparable levels of contact, solidarity, and well‐being for both U.S.‐born and immigrant Black Caribbean family members of different generations. Because of the increasing numbers of immigrant elders, these sources of family support will become increasingly more important in bridging the gaps between government resources and needed assistance in an aging society.

Stressful life experiences and attachment in adolescence

The research presented in this paper aimed to explore relations between stressful life experiences and attachment in adolescence. The sample included 279 adolescents of both sexes, who were students of first two years at the University of Novi Sad. Attachment styles were assessed by RQ (Relationship Questionnaire, Bartolomew & Horowitz, 1991), and stressful experiences by Risk Scale (Grossman et al., 1990). The average score on the Risk scale indicated that participants had relatively small number of stressful events; but majority had at least two stressful experiences. The most frequent event was loss of family member (61,2% of participants) and traffic accident (40,6% of participants). Participants with secure and insecure attachment styles had similar number of stressful experiences in their lives. Difference between these groups was significant only in the case stressors that origin from the characteristics of the family and intrafamilial relations, which was more frequent experience in participants with insecure attachment styles. However, the results showed that stressful experiences may have negative influence on security of attachment, i.e. on positivity of model of self. The highest and statistically significant contribution was made by separation from family and by family characteristics. The results are discussed in context of attachment theory and previous research data on effects of stressful and traumatic events on security of attachment.

Adjustment in children with intractable epilepsy: importance of seizure duration and family factors.

Seventy-five families of children with intractable epilepsy but without a severe learning disability (mean age 7 years 1 month, SD 2 years 6 months; range 2 to 12 years) who attended a regional paediatric neurology service, were surveyed. A postal questionnaire was used which included standardized measures of child and family adjustment; forty-eight families responded (64%; 31 males, 17 females). There was no significant difference between responders and non-responders in terms of age, sex, number of other chronic illnesses and disabilities, age at epilepsy diagnosis, seizure type, nor number of antiepileptic drugs currently prescribed (p > 0.05). The importance of including multidimensional measures of outcome was highlighted by the finding that epilepsy, pharmacological, and psychosocial factors were differentially associated with specific adjustment difficulties. Two factors appeared to be most pervasively implicated across a range of adjustment problems: frequency of rectal diazepam administration and family patterns of relating to each other (p < 0.05). It appeared that duration of seizures (as indicated by frequency of rectal diazepam administration), rather than the frequency of seizures per se, was more pernicious in terms of poor adjustment. Intrafamilial relations (degree of conflict/cohesion and soon) were not only associated with adjustment difficulties in the child, but also with the frequency of seizures themselves. Implications for psychological interventions in intractable epilepsy in childhood are highlighted.