Issue Of Intimate Partner Violence Research Articles

‘Performing identity’

This study examined the issue of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) from the perspective of young adults. The focus was on how participants actively imparted meaning to themselves and others, and how they constructed and performed their identities through the situated interaction of the research interview. Students at the University of Cape Town (ages 18–25), were invited to participate in unstructured individual interviews and/or focus groups about IPV and intimate relationships. A total of 24 young adults volunteered to participate. The results revealed that young people are knowledgeable and concerned about IPV. Participants underscored the importance, intensity and timing of intimate relationships in their lives- and signaled its significance and consequence for their current identity projects. Female participants had specific investments in how their talk achieved selfpresentation goals: they used their narratives as a resource to account for their experiences, negotiate and present their preferred identities, and manage their reputations.

Intimate Partner Violence in African Immigrant Communities in the United States: Reflections from the IDVAAC African Women’s Round Table on Domestic Violence

ABSTRACTAfrican women face many challenges when they come to the United States due to the immigration experience, acculturation, and leaving family members in countries of origin. Intimate partner violence (IPV) complicates African women’s experience within their home countries as well as in the United States. There is little literature on IPV in African ethnic groups. This information is even sparser regarding IPV among African immigrant and refugee communities in the United States. To better address the needs of these communities, the Institute on Domestic Violence in the African American Community brought together service providers and survivors representing 16 different African countries to attend a roundtable and explore issues of IPV. This article highlights the unique challenges they identified.

Exploring Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Health Needs in the Southwestern United States: Perspectives from Health and Human Services Workers: Table 1:

This study explored intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in the southwestern United States, focused on health and human services professionals (HHSPs) and community health workers (CHWs) in El Paso, Texas. Understanding providers' perspectives about IPV and SRH is an integral component of clinical and service care. Two focus groups were conducted with HHSPs and CHWs directly involved in health and human services delivery (N = 24). Participants discussed risks, protective factors, challenges, interventions, and programs to address IPV and SRH. Lack of specialized professional training and educational programs about IPV and SRH were identified as the principal barriers to addressing the needs of IPV victims/survivors and perpetrators. The findings suggested that interventions should be culturally and linguistically appropriate and focused on a broad range of IPV and SRH issues and professional skills building. The information gathered from the focus groups informed the adaptation of two modules to improve IPV and sexual health. Subsequently, CHWs received training from the newly adapted program. This promising program is designed to meet the SRH needs of women, men, and survivors/victims of IPV and builds on the strong roles of health professionals, CHWs, and social workers. Language: en

Intimate partner violence perpetrated by young adult women against men in Ukraine: Examining individual, familial, and cultural factors.

We examined the role of financial strain, parent-to-parent violence, parent-to-child violence, emotional distress, and alcohol use in intimate partner violence perpetrated by young adult women against men in Ukraine. The moderating role of acceptability of intimate partner violence and violence-related laws and regulations was also examined. Four hundred and six full-time female university students from four universities in Ukraine participated in the study. We found that emotional distress, parent-to-parent, and parent-to-child violence mediated the link between financial strain and intimate partner violence perpetrated by women on men. However, we found limited support for the moderating role of acceptability of intimate partner violence and violence-related laws and regulations in the relationship between individual and familial factors on intimate partner violence. The findings from this investigation suggest that there is a distinct need for supporting families and individuals in dealing with issues of intimate partner violence directed by women against men in Ukraine. Aggr. Behav. 42:380-393, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Re-Theorizing Intimate Partner Violence through Post-Structural Feminism, Queer Theory, and the Sociology of Gender

In this article, we apply three theoretical frameworks, poststructural feminism, queer, and sociology of gender to the issue of intimate partner violence (IPV) in order to better account for heterosexual female perpetration and same-sex IPV. Although the traditional feminist paradigm—that assumes men use violence as an extension of patriarchy against their female victims—has been useful in explaining some instances of IPV, it does not adequately frame instances of heterosexual female perpetration and IPV in same-sex relationships. Therefore, in this article we seek to add to existing literature by re-theorizing IPV using poststructural feminism, queer, and sociology of gender perspectives, and their attendant understanding of power as dynamic, fluid, and relational and gender as both interactional and structural, in order to open up new ways of framing IPV and encourage new lines of empirical research resulting in better policy proscriptions and treatment interventions.

P173 Routine enquiry for intimate partner violence (IPV) across an integrating sexual health service: Abstract P173 Table 1

Background We have previously presented our review of routine enquiry (RE) for IPV in a genitourinary medicine (GUM) service. On-going integration with contraception services (CASH) combined with a new electronic patient record (EPR) in 2013 has prompted further review across the whole service (comprising 13 community clinics and the level 3 GUM service). Aim Have these service changes impacted on our recommendation that RE is undertaken for all new patients? In addition, how many cases of IPV are we identifying? Methods All new or rebook patients attending between 01/05 and 30/11/2014 where RE was documented were reviewed. Results: There were 17878 attendances (12316 new; 8724 female, 3590 male). The results are summarised below. 58% of those identified with current issues of IPV had attended the level 3 GUM service. In the majority, support was already in place. 567 had documentation of past issues of IPV, of which 58 had on-going needs identified. Experiences included child sexual abuse, stalking and social media harassment. Discussion Routine enquiry for IPV is feasible across an integrated service and identifies a range of issues. The proportion screened appears stable (71% in 2013 and 70% in 2014). The scale of the problem in our population is alarming and highlights the need for adequate staff training and clear referral pathways.

Pregnant Women’s Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence and Seeking Help from Health Care Professionals: A Jordanian Qualitative Study

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of pregnant women disclosing Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and seeking help from Health Care Professionals (HCPs) at public Hospitals in Jordan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 pregnant women. The findings revealed that the women were not satisfied with the care providers’ procedures, responses, or follow-up. Women also preferred to discuss IPV issues with females, experts, and same age or older HCPs. Lack of privacy, continuity of care, time constraints, and barriers for disclosing were dominant themes that emerged from women’s contacts with HCPs. Women felt more able to disclose IPV if they were confident that circumstances would be safe enough to do so. HCPs require specialized and structured training programs in IPV screening and case management.

Coordinated public health initiatives to address violence against women and adolescents.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a well-recognized public health problem. IPV affects women's physical and mental health through direct pathways, such as injury, and indirect pathways, such as a prolonged stress response that leads to chronic health problems. The influence of abuse can persist long after the violence has stopped and women of color are disproportionately impacted. Successfully addressing the complex issue of IPV requires multiple prevention efforts that target specific risk and protective factors across individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and societal levels. This paper includes examples of community-based, state led and federally funded public health programs focused on IPV along this continuum. Two community-based efforts to increase access to mental health care for low income, women of color who had experienced IPV, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, and a telehealth intervention are discussed. Core tenets of a patient-centered comprehensive approach to assessment and responses and strategies for supporting a statewide comprehensive response are described in Project Connect: A Coordinated Public Health Initiative to Prevent Violence Against Women. Project Connect provides technical assistance to grantees funded through the Violence Against Women Act's health title and involves developing, implementing, and evaluating new ways to identify, respond to, and prevent domestic and sexual violence and promote an improved public health response to abuse in states and Native health programs. Health care partnerships with domestic violence experts are critical in order to provide training, develop referral protocols, and to link IPV victims to advocacy services. Survivors need a comprehensive response that addresses their safety concerns and may require advocacy around housing or shelter, legal assistance, and safety planning. Gaps in research knowledge identified are health system readiness to respond to IPV victims in health care settings and partner with domestic violence programs, effects of early IPV intervention, and models for taking interventions to scale.

Barriers and facilitators to effective coverage of Intimate Partner Violence services for immigrant women in Spain.

To explore service providers' perceptions in order to identify barriers and facilitators to effective coverage of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) services for immigrant women in Spain, according to the different categories proposed in Tanahashi's model of effective coverage. A qualitative study based on 29 in-depth personal interviews and four group interviews with a total of 43 professionals working in public services (social and health-care services, women's refuges, the police force, the judiciary) and NGOs in Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia and Alicante (Spain) in 2011. Current IPV services in Spain partially fail in their coverage of abused immigrant women due to barriers of (i) availability, such as the inexistence of culturally appropriate services; (ii) accessibility, as having a residence permit is a prerequisite for women's access to different services and rights; (iii) acceptability, such as women's lack of confidence in the effectiveness of services; and (iv) effectiveness, for example, lack of specific training among professionals on the issues of IPV and immigration. However, interviewees also identified facilitators, such as the enabling environment promoted by the Spanish Law on Gender-Based Violence (1/2004), and the impetus it has provided for the development of other specific legislative tools to address IPV in immigrant populations in Spain (availability, accessibility and effectiveness). Whilst not dismissing cultural barriers, aspects related to service structure are identified by providers as the main barriers and facilitators to immigrant women use of IPV services. Despite noteworthy achievements, improvements are still required in terms of mainstreaming assistance tailored to immigrant women's needs in IPV policies and services.

Barriers among Danish women and general practitioners to raising the issue of intimate partner violence in General Practise: A qualitative study

Background Thirty-five percent of Danish women experience sexual or physical violence in their lifetime. Survivors of IPV identify medical doctors as the healthcare professionals from whom they would most likely seek help. However, health care professionals are not in the practise of asking about intimate partner violence (IPV) in Denmark. It is currently unknown what hinders general practitioners from asking about partner violence and how Danish women would perceive such an inquiry. This aspect has …

Barriers among Danish women and general practitioners to raising the issue of intimate partner violence in general practice: a qualitative study.

BackgroundThirty-five percent of Danish women experience sexual or physical violence in their lifetime. However, health care professionals are not in the practice of asking about intimate partner violence (IPV) in Denmark. It is currently unknown what hinders general practitioners from asking about partner violence and how Danish women would perceive such an inquiry. This aspect has not previously been explored in Denmark. An exploratory study was conducted to examine what hinders general practitioners (GPs) from asking and what Danish women’s views and attitudes are regarding being asked about IPV.MethodsData were collected through individual and group interviews with a sample of three GPs and a diverse sample of 13 women, including both survivors of partner violence and those without any history of partner violence. An interpretative analysis was performed with the data.ResultsThis study provides important knowledge regarding the barriers and attitudes towards inquiry about IPV in primary care in Denmark. Results indicate that Denmark is facing the same challenges when responding to survivors of IPV as other similar countries, including Sweden, Norway, the UK, USA, and Australia. Danish women want general practitioners to ask about violence in a respectful and non-judgemental manner. However, general practitioners are resistant towards such an inquiry and would benefit from training regarding how to respond to women who have been exposed to IPV.ConclusionsIt is acceptable to inquire about IPV with women in Denmark in a non-judgemental and respectful way. Informing about IPV prevalence is important prior to the inquiry. However, general practitioners require more awareness and training before a favourable environment for this change in procedure can be created. Further large-scale research is needed to support the evidence generated by this small study.

"Amar te Duele" ("love hurts"): sexual relationship power, intimate partner violence, depression symptoms and HIV risk among female sex workers who use drugs and their non-commercial, steady partners in Mexico.

A significant body of research among female sex workers (FSWs) has focused on individual-level HIV risk factors. Comparatively little is known about their non-commercial, steady partners who may heavily influence their behavior and HIV risk. This cross-sectional study of 214 FSWs who use drugs and their male steady partners aged ≥18 in two Mexico-U.S. border cities utilized a path-analytic model for dyadic data based upon the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model to examine relationships between sexual relationship power, intimate partner violence (IPV), depression symptoms, and unprotected sex. FSWs' relationship power, IPV perpetration and victimization were significantly associated with unprotected sex within the relationship. Male partners' depression symptoms were significantly associated with unprotected sex within the relationship. Future HIV prevention interventions for FSWs and their male partners should address issues of sexual relationship power, IPV, and mental health both individually and in the context of their relationship.

Associations between intimate partner violence and health among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) is a significant problem. Little is known about the association between IPV and health for MSM. We aimed to estimate the association between experience and perpetration of IPV, and various health conditions and sexual risk behaviours among MSM. We searched 13 electronic databases up to 23 October 2013 to identify research studies reporting the odds of health conditions or sexual risk behaviours for MSM experiencing or perpetrating IPV. Nineteen studies with 13,797 participants were included in the review. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs). Exposure to IPV as a victim was associated with increased odds of substance use (OR = 1.88, 95% CI(OR) 1.59-2.22, I² = 46.9%, 95% CI(I)² 0%-78%), being HIV positive (OR = 1.46, 95% CI(OR) 1.26-1.69, I² = 0.0%, 95% CI(I)² 0%-62%), reporting depressive symptoms (OR = 1.52, 95% CI(OR) 1.24-1.86, I² = 9.9%, 95% CI(I)² 0%-91%), and engagement in unprotected anal sex (OR = 1.72, 95% CI(OR) 1.44-2.05, I² = 0.0%, 95% CI(I)² 0%-68%). Perpetration of IPV was associated with increased odds of substance use (OR = 1.99, 95% CI(OR) 1.33-2.99, I² = 73.1%). These results should be interpreted with caution because of methodological weaknesses such as the lack of validated tools to measure IPV in this population and the diversity of recall periods and key outcomes in the identified studies. MSM who are victims of IPV are more likely to engage in substance use, suffer from depressive symptoms, be HIV positive, and engage in unprotected anal sex. MSM who perpetrate IPV are more likely to engage in substance use. Our results highlight the need for research into effective interventions to prevent IPV in MSM, as well as the importance of providing health care professionals with training in how to address issues of IPV among MSM and the need to raise awareness of local and national support services.

Screening for Intimate Partner Violence: The Time Is Now

Screening for Intimate Partner Violence: The Time Is Now

Intimate partner violence among immigrant Nigerian women in the United States: An analysis of internet commentaries on the murders of nine Nigerian women by their male spouses

From 2005 to 2008, nine Nigerian female nurses were murdered in the U.S. by their husbands. Other than media (notably internet) information on the incidents, this situation and the general issue of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the Nigerian immigrant community is yet to gain awareness in scholarship. This paper is a discussion of IPV in the context of internet commentaries posted by Nigerians in the wake of the murder incidents. The commentaries mostly attribute the murders to acculturative tensions in Nigerian patriarchal gender relations and economic-based gender role-reversal in U.S-based immigrant Nigerian families. The paper commences with a narrative of Nigerian immigration into the U.S. in order to situate Nigerian nurses in the migration process and to position Nigerian immigrants in IPV literature. It transitions into a description of data collection and analysis of internet commentaries upon which the paper is based, findings and discussion of findings, and a conclusion.

Family of origin influences on the parenting of men with co‐occurring substance abuse and intimate partner violence

Purpose – Research indicates significant associations between intimate partner violence (IPV), substance abuse (SA) and childhood experiences of abuse. Yet few studies have interviewed fathers with co‐occurring IPV and SA about their experiences in their own families and how that impacts their parenting. The purpose of this paper is to fill that gap and explore the ways in which fathers with co‐occurring IPV and SA describe the parenting of their own parents and how it is related to the ways they parent. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 40 fathers with co‐occurring IPV and SA were interviewed about their experiences of childhood abuse and the ways they are like and unlike their parents for this qualitative study using thematic analysis. Findings – A large percentage of the fathers experienced childhood abuse and reported negative images of their fathers and mothers most commonly due to father absence and abusive/harsh parenting by both parents. Most fathers indicated a wish to be more present, available and warm with their children. Fathers did not draw associations between their childhood histories and their own behaviors. Practical implications – Multigenerational transmission of IPV, SA, and child maltreatment may be important areas to focus on in interventions with fathers with co‐occurring IPV and SA issues. Originality/value – This study is one of the first to specifically interview fathers with co‐occurring IPV and SA about their experiences of being parented and how that is related to their own parenting.

Parenting of men with co-occurring intimate partner violence and substance abuse.

No studies to date have compared parenting behaviors of men with co-occurring intimate partner violence (IPV) and substance abuse (SA) with community controls. This study was designed to document mediators of differences in parenting behavior of fathers and the emotional-behavioral problems of their children for men with co-occurring SA and IPV. The self-reported parenting (negative, positive and coparenting behaviors) and the child emotional-behavioral problems of 43 fathers with children aged 2 to 6 years with a recent history of SA + IPV were compared to a sample of 43 community control fathers with the same socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. Fathers completed measures on their parenting behavior with a target child, coparenting behavior with the child's mother, emotion regulation, romantic attachment, psychiatric symptoms, and the behavior of the target child. Men with co-occurring SA + IPV had significantly less positive coparenting and more negative parenting behaviors than community control fathers. Negative parenting and coparenting were mediated by the fathers' avoidant attachment problems. SA + IPV fathers also reported more emotional and behavioral problems in their children. These poor child outcome differences between groups were mediated by the negative parenting behaviors of the fathers. These results suggest areas of potential focus in interventions with fathers who have co-occurring SA + IPV issues. Focus on attachment difficulties with his coparent, which may include affect regulation, coping with emotions, and communication skills training related to coparenting, may yield significant changes in parenting behaviors and ultimately child functioning.

Relationship Power As a Mediator of Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health Issues Among Incarcerated, Substance-Using Women

The purpose of this study was to examine perceived relationship power as a mediator of the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health issues among incarcerated women with a history of substance use. Cross-sectional data from 304 women as part of the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS) were used to evaluate this hypothesis. Regression analyses examined the mediation relationship of perceived relationship power in the association between a history of IPV and mental health issues. Results supported the hypothesis, suggesting that perceived relationship power helps to explain the association between IPV and mental health issues. Implications of the findings for the provision of services to address the needs of these women are discussed, including assessment of perceived relationship power and focusing counseling interventions on women's experiences with power in intimate relationships.

Combating intimate partner violence in Africa: Opportunities and challenges in five African countries

Abstract Recent research results emerging from Africa show a worrying situation regarding the levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) in various countries in the continent — levels that are quite high and place great financial burden on individuals and governments. This paper explores the magnitude, nature, and risk factors of IPV in five African countries, namely, Morocco, Nigeria, Namibia, Uganda, and Tanzania. The focus of the paper is to explore issues of IPV in these countries by considering the opportunities in each country that could assist in the prevention of violence, and also to identify inherent challenges that may pose threats to efforts in reducing the high IPV prevalence. As there are only limited studies on IPV in developing countries, new insights provided by this paper would afford relevant stakeholders a better understanding of the issue.

Intimate Partner Violence and Child Custody Evaluation, Part I: Theoretical Framework, Forensic Model, and Assessment Issues

An integrative conceptual framework and forensic evaluation model are presented for custody evaluators when the issue of Intimate Partner Violence is salient in a child custody case (IPV-CC). A revised typology of IPV combines previously proposed categories with a violence risk assessment approach to reflect both the descriptive and predictive functions for evaluators. It is a research-based forensic model. Continuous and categorical variable approaches to the analysis of IPV in custody cases are presented and contrasted. Ten behavioral dimensions of IPV-CC are described to serve as a multidimensional behavioral grid approach to the assessment of IPV. The integrated framework and perspective allows for greater behavioral specificity in the analysis. It avoids problems inherent in forensic assessment by subtype labeling. The court will be better informed by a multidimensional and continuous variable approach that provides behavioral versus categorical differentiation. This approach allows for more accurate and efficient risk communications to the court and translation to parenting plan recommendations. Issues involved with the forensic assessment of IPV in the custody context and making predictions/ recommendations about future parenting, co-parenting, and child adjustment are discussed.