Television Audience Research Articles

Teachers’ Mixed Implementation of Mindset Mathematics Practices During and After a Novel Approach to Teacher Learning

Supporting teachers to transfer their learnings from innovative professional development settings to the classroom is challenging. In this paper, we investigate a novel approach to teacher learning, in which teachers from seven US districts taught in a mathematics summer camp using a research-based curriculum centered on student reasoning and mindset messages. We examined the practices teachers did and did not implement in their camp and school-year classrooms, as well as the possible reasons for the greater or lesser changes in practice. Through analysis of classroom video, teacher artifacts, and teacher interviews, we found that teachers implemented several important practices in both camp and school-year classrooms, namely posing open tasks, giving students ample time to collaborate, and asking questions that pushed students to reason. Interview analysis revealed that the act of centering students’ reasoning and witnessing their subsequent engagement seemed to motivate teacher uptake of these practices. At the same time, however, teachers less frequently integrated mindset messaging directly into their teaching and gave space for the exploration of students’ mistakes and struggles. These findings suggest implications for innovative professional development efforts outside of the school year, as well as incremental approaches.

“I don’t have an answer for you. I need to hear your thoughts”: a teacher’s deliberate mentoring practice in coplanning with student teachers

ABSTRACT Using educative mentoring as a framework, the study explored in-depth the beliefs and mentoring practices of a master teacher and his three student teachers’ (PSTs) perceptions and responses to the practice in a weekly one-hour coplanning meeting for a semester. Data sources included observations and video recordings of coplanning meetings, field notes, individual interviews with participants, PSTs’ journal entries, and documents such as weekly lesson plans. All video recordings and interviews were transcribed verbatim. The results showed that both intellectually and emotionally secure learning foundations are essential for learning, mentoring, and collaboration; deliberate mentoring practices such as challenging questions, exploratory thinking, modeling, and guiding reflection help PSTs shift their way of thinking and promote an inquiry mind-set; empowering PSTs in decision-making leads to genuine collaboration and creates learning opportunities. Through intentional mentoring, PSTs become confident, experimental, and creative change agents. The complexities of mentoring practice are then discussed. To support mentors in their preparation, a comprehensive and holistic approach to mentoring practice is proposed.

A Conversation with Ana María Martínez

Abstract: In a video interview with Journal of Singing Associate Editor Melissa Treinkman on April 22, 2024, Ana María Martínez discussed her thirty-year operatic career that continues to flourish. She described her musical upbringing, shared advice regarding repertoire choice, and emphasized the importance of finding a sense of purpose. A QR code is included at the end of the article which contains the link to the recorded interview with Ana María Martínez, posted on the NATS YouTube channel.

Automated speech recognition bias in personnel selection: The case of automatically scored job interviews.

Organizations, researchers, and software increasingly use automatic speech recognition (ASR) to transcribe speech to text. However, ASR can be less accurate for (i.e., biased against) certain demographic subgroups. This is concerning, given that the machine-learning (ML) models used to automatically score video interviews use ASR transcriptions of interviewee responses as inputs. To address these concerns, we investigate the extent of ASR bias and its effects in automatically scored interviews. Specifically, we compare the accuracy of ASR transcription for English as a second language (ESL) versus non-ESL interviewees, people of color (and Black interviewees separately) versus White interviewees, and male versus female interviewees. Then, we test whether ASR bias causes bias in ML model scores-both in terms of differential convergent correlations (i.e., subgroup differences in correlations between observed and ML scores) and differential means (i.e., shifts in subgroup differences from observed to ML scores). To do so, we apply one human and four ASR transcription methods to two samples of mock video interviews (Ns = 1,014 and 414), and then we train and test models using these different transcripts to score multiple constructs. We observed significant bias in the commercial ASR services across nearly all comparisons, with the magnitude of bias differing across the ASR services. However, the transcription bias did not translate into meaningful measurement bias for the ML interview scores-whether in terms of differential convergent correlations or means. We discuss what these results mean for the nature of bias, fairness, and validity of ML models for scoring verbal open-ended responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Therapists’ experiences of negative effects in intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: A qualitative interview study

Objective: Negative effects of psychotherapy are a broad term that encompasses events such as non-response, deterioration, and novel symptoms. The aim of the present study was to explore experiences with negative effects among clinicians working within an intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) framework. Method: Eight ISTDP clinicians consented to participate and were interviewed using semi-structured video interviews. Data were transcribed and analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis framework. Results: The thematic analysis resulted in five themes. Overall, the clinicians found it difficult to define negative effects, but that negative effects, regardless of cause, could be used therapeutically. Inaccurate assessment was seen as the main cause of negative effects. Other themes concerned the connection between dropout and negative effects, patient feedback, and the ISTDP community’s relationship to negative effects. Conclusions: The results are largely in line with qualitative studies of CBT clinicians’ views of negative effects although clinicians in the present study emphasized more strongly the therapeutic potential of these events. The research field could be further improved by using mixed-method designs while including both patients and therapists.

The physician-AI relationship: partnering for precision medicine via clinical decision support

Abstract Background Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can enhance physician decision-making, but successful adoption depends on positive user attitudes. Understanding Israeli physicians’ attitudes toward CDSSs is crucial for overcoming implementation barriers and refining training. Methods Semi-structured interviews explored knowledge, experiences, perceived benefits/drawbacks, and potential barriers/facilitators to CDSS use among 25 Israeli physicians across specialties, roles, settings, and experience levels selected via stratified sampling. Individual 45-minute video interviews were conducted in January-July 2023. Results Familiarity and CDSS experience varied substantially across medical specialties. While risk calculators, information systems, and expert systems disseminating contemporary research insights are widespread, AI-based system adoption is relatively low outside radiology. Physicians expressed positive attitudes, recognizing CDSSs’ potential to enhance clinical work, reduce errors, and alleviate burdens. However, concerns included AI systems’ impact on workload, patient relationships, skill erosion, and overreliance. Key implementation barriers involved technological infrastructure, organizational processes, physician perceptions, and system features. Facilitating factors included tailored design, focused training, continuous accuracy/reliability validation, and clear autonomy/liability guidelines. Conclusions Addressing key concerns around transparency, trustworthiness and responsible use is crucial for AI-CDSS to fulfill its promise of enhancing quality and outcomes. Insights from Israeli clinicians provide guidance on priorities like transparency of data and algorithms as well as ensuring AI behaves ethically. Collaboration among technology designers, healthcare professionals and stakeholders can help develop systems that physicians trust to improve care while safeguarding patients. Ongoing evaluation is also needed to optimize AI-CDSS over time. Key messages • Understanding physician attitudes is key to overcoming barriers to clinical decision support system adoption and optimizing training protocols. • Addressing transparency, trustworthiness, and ethical considerations around AI clinical decision support systems is crucial for enhancing quality care.

Beyond news consumption: television’s role on younger audiences in Portugal

This study explores the relationship between television and young audiences (aged 15-24) in Portugal, in a context of rising digital media. Through the analysis of data from an online survey of 1362 participants and 42 semi-structured interviews, youths are categorized into seven profiles based on their television consumption habits and critical perspectives. A nuanced media landscape is revealed, in which television's relevance is maintained in transformed roles—from a traditional source of news to a platform for streaming content. The engagement of young viewers with television is shown to be shaped by family dynamics, educational backgrounds, and an increasing preference for digital platforms, indicating a shift towards more personalized and interactive media consumption.

Phrasing Crisis Communication: How are Distinct Crisis Response Strategies Put Into Words?

This study employs a quantitative content analysis to investigate how reputation-restoring crisis responses (i.e., denial, diminishment, and apology) from organizations and public figures are verbalized. In addition, this study examines if distinct crisis response strategies are systematically associated with particular language categories (i.e., language abstraction, uncertain language, passive voice, and emotional language). By analyzing 179 audiovisual crisis messages (e.g., press conference broadcasts, television interviews, social media videos), this study shows that denials are generally expressed in the most concrete way (i.e., precise numbers), diminish strategies in the most uncertain way (i.e., hedges), and apologies are the most emotionally charged, primarily referring to the emotions of sadness and shame. These findings highlight the significant role of language in crisis communication and help practitioners in the field to become aware of key linguistic features that could influence the effectiveness of a crisis message.

An overview of maglev trains

This paper provides a detailed review of maglev (magnetic levitation) trains, explaining the technology and underlying principles behind it. It also covers the history of this evolving mode of transport. Moreover, it addresses and analyzes the advantages and challenges of maglev trains compared to the traditional rail system: technical, infrastructural, and economic factors have been taken into consideration. Further, it explores the potential improvements to the technology to make it more efficient and cost-effective. The paper will focus slightly more on the Japanese maglev trains as they are the most developed. This paper aims to become a one-place resource for readers to gain knowledge about maglev trains. The author was motivated by the fact that this field, despite being so heavily researched, has a lack of research papers or articles published for readers and inquirers to easily learn about the whole concept; the majority of papers found were published in the early 2000s. Therefore, this paper also intends to include the latest advancements. It is an overview, written after going through multiple past research papers, websites, informative videos and videos of interviews from reliable and credible sources.

Improving group problem solving through awareness of members’ problem-solving preferences

PurposeMany groups in organisations are unsuccessful in problem solving. However, the principle of continuous improvement necessitates that organisations refine their employees’ problem-solving skills. In this mixed-method, field-based lab experiment, we explored the impact of a treatment to enhance the quality of group problem-solving processes.Design/methodology/approachWe focused on the structured problem-solving process in Kaizen Events by differentiating six consecutive phases. About 16 Kaizen Event groups (101 members) participated in a field-based lab experiment that used a lean simulation game to establish a group problem-solving context. Data were collected via video, surveys and group interviews. We examined if a high-quality process is strengthened through group members’ elevated awareness of problem-solving preferences. About 11 groups received a treatment of tailor-made individual feedback to increase awareness of their problem-solving preferences. Additionally, we repeated the experiment in five control groups, where member preferences were not shared.FindingsIn the treatment groups, where problem-solving preferences had been shared, we observed a clear improvement in Kaizen Event process quality and higher problem-solving self-efficacy levels. Moreover, their self-reported Kaizen Event behaviour had changed. Within the control groups, the participants also reported that their problem-solving self-efficacy had improved, but this did not have a positive impact on the quality of the objectively measured Kaizen Event process.Originality/valueBy combining insights from operations management and organisational behaviour, we demonstrate that the structured Kaizen Event problem-solving process improves when group members’ individual problem-solving preferences are shared. We thus add an individual-level variable to the extant models of Kaizen Event success factors. Our results provide fresh insights into how to improve the continuous improvement process within organisations. Kaizen Event stakeholders and their facilitators are offered guidance on how to increase one’s awareness of own and others’ problem-solving preferences in group-based problem-solving events.

A Critical Exploration of Women’s views about Indigenous Aphrodisiacs: The Case of Mpesu in Venda, South Africa

Mpesu is an indigenous Venda aphrodisiac, originating in the area of Thohoyandou in South Africa (Limpopo province). Mpesu helps empower penile erection for men, and it is commonly available in informal market stalls around Venda. Surprisingly, women know much more about Mpesu than men, who buy it for use at home and to combat erectile dysfunction during intimacy with their sexual partners. This paper explored women’s views on the use of Mpesu to empower penile erection as they advertise and sell it to both men and women. An analytical theoretical framework was used as the lens to academically investigate the women’s understanding and their perspectives on the use of Mpesu in this explorative study. A purposive sample of four women who sell Mpesu in Tshakuma was observed as they advertised and sold Mpesu at their stalls. Data were collected using observations. In addition to Analytic Theory, thematic analysis was adopted in this study to adequately assess women’s perspectives on the use of Mpesu by men as the indigenous South African aphrodisiac. Additionally, three YouTube videos of interviews about Mpesu were used during the conceptualization of this study. This study adopted the observation method for data collection, and the researchers found that the use of Mpesu is more known and welcomed by women than by men in Venda, South Africa. Additionally, this study contributes empirical evidence to the existing body of literature, providing practical recommendations on the use of indigenous aphrodisiacs in Venda and similar settings globally. Keywords: Traditional Aphrodisiac, Mpesu Medicine, Penile Erection, Women’s Support, Indigenous Medicine

What’s on and who’s Watching? Combining People-Meter Data and Subtitle Data to Explore Television Exposure to Political News

ABSTRACT Understanding television viewing behavior is highly relevant, as it remains an important source of political news for many. Nowadays, viewers can choose between a growing diversity of formats covering political news, varying from traditional news broadcasts to late-night talk shows and satire. Yet, we have little to no information about the specific political content provided by television programs; and much less how this can be connected to viewing behavior and audience characteristics (political interest, ideology). Moving forward, using unique Dutch audience-meter data (3,672 viewers from 1,761 different households) from July 2017 to July 2018, we explore who is exposed to which (political) topic in what type of television program. We use automated content analysis to analyze the subtitles of television programs (N = 21,480). Our results indicate that situational factors, such as lead-in and lead-out effects affect news exposure. We also found that political interest does not only shape the volume but also the composition of audiences’ political information diets. Results show that higher political interest was associated with television audiences receiving a greater proportion of their news from public affairs and opinion programs. There does not appear to be any difference in patterns for political ideology; similar proportions of each type of program make up the information diets for both left and right viewers.

Transformative Vengeance: Unveiling the Intricacies of Revenge as a Catalyst for Change within Family Dynamics

Background: The present study is looking at how young adults comprehend and execute revenge against their parents. Despite convincing evidence that the combination of profound emotional attachment and high degrees of interdependence with competitiveness and power struggles almost invariably leads in an enhanced ability to harm and be harmed, the question of revenge has received little attention among family academics. Aim: The goal of this study was to contribute to the growing body of research about how different groups perceive, execute, and experience vengeance. Method and material: For this study, the transcript of 4 semi-structured video interviews was analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The IPA identified three superordinate themes (1) Revenge as a catalyst for change (2) From comparative suffering to mutual understanding (3) Towards a more adaptive homeostasis. Result: The findings challenge traditional views of revenge as solely punitive, highlighting its strategic role as a mechanism for change inside family dynamics. The study also emphasizes the interplay between emotion and cognition in revenge decisions. Several motivations were identified, assert autonomy, competence, and improve emotional connections within the family. The findings also suggest that revenge seeks to establish communication through comparative suffering. Conclusion: In summary, this study finds revenge to be a multifaceted emotional response, capable of serving as a strategic tool for instigating positive change. The findings provide new insights into revenge, demonstrating its potential as a catalyst for transformation within family dynamics.

“Hi. I’m Molly, Your Virtual Interviewer!” Exploring the Impact of Race and Gender in AI-Powered Virtual Interview Experiences

The persistent issue of human bias in recruitment processes poses a formidable challenge to achieving equitable hiring practices, particularly when influenced by demographic characteristics such as gender and race of both interviewers and candidates. Asynchronous Video Interviews (AVIs), powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI), have emerged as innovative tools aimed at streamlining the application screening process while potentially mitigating the impact of such biases. These AI-driven platforms present an opportunity to customize the demographic features of virtual interviewers to align with diverse applicant preferences, promising a more objective and fair evaluation. Despite their growing adoption, the implications of virtual interviewer identities on candidate experiences within AVIs remain underexplored. We aim to address this research and empirical gap in this paper. To this end, we carried out a comprehensive between-subjects study involving 218 participants across six distinct experimental conditions, manipulating the gender and skin color of an AI virtual interviewer agent. Our empirical analysis revealed that while the demographic attributes of the agents did not significantly influence the overall experience of interviewees, variations in the interviewees' demographics, significantly altered their perception of the AVI process. Further, we uncovered that the mediating roles of Social Presence and Perception of the virtual interviewer critically affect interviewees' Perceptions of Fairness (+), Privacy (-), and Impression management (+).

The Integration of Storyboard into GBA : Observing Students' Engagement of Junior High School in Writing Recount Text

ABSTRACT Genre-based pedagogy has been a controversial subject since John Swales introduced it to the field of English for Specific Purposes in the 1980s. GBA was included in English lessons in Indonesia. Even though the curriculum changed from KTSP to K-13, this genre remains the basis for teaching English in schools. However, ESL/EFL teachers are often unfamiliar with this practical teaching approach even though GBA is becoming increasingly popular in writing classes. Due to the teacher’s unfamiliarity with GBA, students can not feel the benefits of GBA. Many students have difficulty writing, especially writing recount text. In order for the students to get the advantage of GBA in writing, teachers must use methods such as Combined Text Construction, a stage in the genre-based approach. The Joint Construction stage is the main focus of this research. Certainly, in order for the Joint construction of the text stage can be carried out well, it is necessary to have a media that can be integrated into the JCoT stage. In this study, the researcher suggests an alternative that can be used as a solution to this problem. An alternative is to integrate storyboards into the GBA (JCoT) method in learning writing recount text. The research aims to describe in what ways students can be engaged in writing recount texts using storyboards as a learning media. The research method used is a case study approach with observation and interviews as data collection techniques. Findings from video observation and interview transcripts display students' interest and confidence in emotional engagement, students' contributions in behavioral engagement, and students' understanding in cognitive engagement. Thus, storyboards positively contribute to students' ability to write recount texts in the context of the genre-based approach.

"I Don't Know What I'm Going to Meet Today": Home Care Workers' Decision-Making About Safety During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The home care workforce provides supportive healthcare services to older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic heightened the need for knowledge that can better support this high-risk and understudied group of essential workers. The study aimed to understand decision-making about safety and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study design used a descriptive qualitative study approach, and 34 participants completed individual video or phone interviews. The results were organized into three themes specific to decision-making around safety and well-being for home care workers (HCWs) during the pandemic: 1) Responsibility, commitment, and dedication to their clients led HCWs to continue to provide essential services, 2) Safety concerns did not prevent HCWs from reporting to work, and 3) HCWs expressed more concern about clients than their own safety. Understanding the experiences of HCWs can offer important insights for developing strategies and policies to address the safety of these essential yet often overlooked healthcare professionals.

Speech Act Analysis of Harry and Meghan’s Interview with Oprah Winfrey on CBS Morning News Show

This article is aimed at finding out types of illocutionary acts found in one of the most shocking viral interviews in the world, that is the interview with the royal family of former member, Harry and Meghan Markle interviewed by Oprah Winfrey, with amount of viewership of 4.79 million viewers when it first shows on air. This research is framed within mixed-method approach where the results of the study are in the form of an overview of what is said (illocutionary acts) by the three main subjects, namely Harry, Meghan, and Oprah and the percentage of each type of illocutionary acts. Data analysis was conducted through the analysis of interview videos along with the transcripts, simple statistical analysis and is supported by literature study. The results of the current study show that from 319 data of 644 sentences indicated as illocutionary acts. From those findings, it can be categorized that there are five types of illocutionary acts were found in an interview, they are 63% assertive, 27% directives, 0,6% commissive, 7,3% expressive, and 0,3% declarative. In other words, assertive is found to be the dominant type of illocutionary acts. In addition, of the 319 data, 295 data are categorized as direct speech act and 24 data are indicated as indirect speech act. In short, illocutionary acts of assertive type and direct speech acts are found to be more dominant in Harry and Meghan interview with Oprah Winfrey.

Cultural Aspects of the Transformation of t he Term Podcasting

This article presents the results of a study of the transformation of the very concept of podcasting in domestic scientifi c discourse, in the Russian media fi eld from a cultural point of view. Podcasting is a form of transmission of mainly audio or video materials (VODcasts) to the Internet, which has existed in the world for about twenty years. Today, podcasts are associated not only with spoken audio content, but also with video interviews, and even with voice messages on the social media Telegram. Moreover, a podcast can be understood as almost any work in the digital media space, even text. This work was carried out in 2023 as part of a comprehensive study of the transformation of the audiovisual environment on new technological platforms, which has been carried out by the Department of Television and Radio Broadcasting of the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University since 2017. The purpose of this stage was to determine what is currently understood by the word podcasting and an attempt to capture its distinctive format features, cultural aspects of the evolution of the concept. The methods used were conceptual and contextual types of analysis. The cognitive approach made it possible to consider the verbalized key concepts of scientifi c discourse. The defi nitions given to podcasting by domestic and foreign researchers, practitioners, market participants in the process of development and formation of the industry, as well as a control group of listeners were analyzed. The authors of this article make an attempt to give the most relevant cultural interpretation of the concept of podcasting. The main conclusion is that Russian-language podcasting, for a number of reasons, is developing along a trajectory that is largely different from the world one, in particular the American one. But its development is complicated by a number of factors, including geopolitical and cultural ones. The concept of “podcasting” will most likely continue its evolutionary movement in search of a more solid position in the sociocultural space. Keywords: podcasting, media system, audiovisual content, social media, broadcasting, formats, genres

Schooling in camp: Incarceration camps and the Japanese American school experience during World War II

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to explore the school experiences of Japanese American children and teenagers who were incarcerated in camps during World War II following the issuance of Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942.MethodsThe study examines video interviews available in Densho's online archive, focusing on the educational experiences of second‐generation Japanese Americans who resumed their education in the camps.ResultsThe analysis reveals that many interviewees reported positive experiences in camp schools, despite the poor conditions. A key factor contributing to these positive experiences was the dedication of teachers, who not only promoted academic success but also addressed the psychological and emotional needs of the incarcerated students.ConclusionWhile many interviewees highlighted the supportive role of teachers, the negative effects of incarceration on their school experiences cannot be overlooked, as a significant number recalled unpleasant aspects of their education in the camps. Moreover, the incarceration of Japanese Americans still has contemporary implications.

International water conventions, the exploitation of trans-boundary rivers and the Nile water dispute among Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt

Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt entered into dispute since Ethiopia began the construction of the Renaissance Dam along the Blue Nile in 2011. This article is aimed at assessing the core facts about water conventions, the use of trans-boundary rivers and the main argument points of Egypt and Sudan against Ethiopia's use right of the Nile. Data were obtained from conventions and laws, study reports and television interviews. Percent and ratios were used for quantifying data. The 1997 UN Water Convention, having seven criterions for equitable water use by riparian nations, is a better platform for the negotiation on the Nile water. Ethiopia contributes 86.52 billion m3 to the Nile water although Egypt's contribution is negligible. Despite the built-up of 3 huge dams by Egypt and over 10 by Sudan, these countries aggressively contest the Renaissance Dam of Ethiopia. Egypt diverts about 46 billion m3 water for irrigation. Turk, an upstream nation (alike Ethiopia in the Nile basin), built 11 dams along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers with rare contest from the downstream nations. The existence of ‘adequate rainfall’ and ‘other rivers’ in Ethiopia, the colonial treaties, the Nile as the only resource, and the impact of the Renaissance Dam are among the main points of argument of Egypt and Sudan against Ethiopia's use right of the Nile. The Nile water use by Ethiopia is inevitable as 73.7 % of the rivers' flow, 65.3 % of the hydropower and 50.6 % of the irrigation potential of all Ethiopian rivers is in the Nile basin; besides, significant share of the population has no electric service (>60), no pure water access (42.7 %) and is below poverty line (29.6 %). Thus, the three countries need to be flexible for the ‘give and take’ principle-based negotiation and ensuring the equitable use of the Nile water.