Interview Material Research Articles

Development of a Conceptual Model to Understand Disease Burden in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Organ Damage

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can lead to irreversible organ damage (OD). Data describing the patient burden of OD, as compared with SLE without OD, are limited. Objective: To develop a comprehensive conceptual model describing the burden experienced by patients living with SLE-associated OD. Methods: There were three phases to this qualitative study. First, a targeted literature review was conducted to inform a draft conceptual model. Second, key opinion leaders (KOLs) were interviewed to assess the draft conceptual model and help shape patient interview materials. Third, patients of different demographic backgrounds from across the United States were interviewed individually to gather their perspectives on living with SLE-associated OD. Data from concept elicitation interviews with KOLs and patients were coded and analyzed using NVivo software to identify the key concepts of the overall patient burden of SLE-associated OD. Findings from the KOL and patient interviews were used to finalize the conceptual model. Results: KOLs highlighted that SLE-associated OD carried a higher rate of mortality than SLE alone. Participants with SLE-associated OD (n = 40) experienced detrimental impacts across 4 areas of their lives: physical, cognitive, psychosocial functioning, and economic and work-related well-being. Physical impacts were described by all participants, often affecting their ability to perform everyday tasks. Many also described deterioration of cognitive functioning. Almost all participants experienced emotional impacts and challenges to their relationships and social lives resulting from living with SLE-associated OD. Additionally, SLE-associated OD imposed an economic burden including increased healthcare costs. SLE-associated OD had a more severe and debilitating impact on all aspects of the patient’s quality of life than SLE prior to OD development, including further limitations in activities of daily living after the development of OD. Discussion: Study findings guided the development of a comprehensive conceptual model that fully represents the patient experience of living with SLE-associated OD, highlighting the additional burden of OD when compared with SLE alone. Conclusions: The conceptual model will inform improvements in disease management, which may result in better patient outcomes and aid development of clinical outcome assessments of disease burden.

Development of a Conceptual Model to Understand Disease Burden in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Organ Damage.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can lead to irreversible organ damage (OD). Data describing the patient burden of OD, as compared with SLE without OD, are limited. Objective: To develop a comprehensive conceptual model describing the burden experienced by patients living with SLE-associated OD. Methods: There were three phases to this qualitative study. First, a targeted literature review was conducted to inform a draft conceptual model. Second, key opinion leaders (KOLs) were interviewed to assess the draft conceptual model and help shape patient interview materials. Third, patients of different demographic backgrounds from across the United States were interviewed individually to gather their perspectives on living with SLE-associated OD. Data from concept elicitation interviews with KOLs and patients were coded and analyzed using NVivo software to identify the key concepts of the overall patient burden of SLE-associated OD. Findings from the KOL and patient interviews were used to finalize the conceptual model. Results: KOLs highlighted that SLE-associated OD carried a higher rate of mortality than SLE alone. Participants with SLE-associated OD (n = 40) experienced detrimental impacts across 4 areas of their lives: physical, cognitive, psychosocial functioning, and economic and work-related well-being. Physical impacts were described by all participants, often affecting their ability to perform everyday tasks. Many also described deterioration of cognitive functioning. Almost all participants experienced emotional impacts and challenges to their relationships and social lives resulting from living with SLE-associated OD. Additionally, SLE-associated OD imposed an economic burden including increased healthcare costs. SLE-associated OD had a more severe and debilitating impact on all aspects of the patient's quality of life than SLE prior to OD development, including further limitations in activities of daily living after the development of OD. Discussion: Study findings guided the development of a comprehensive conceptual model that fully represents the patient experience of living with SLE-associated OD, highlighting the additional burden of OD when compared with SLE alone. Conclusions: The conceptual model will inform improvements in disease management, which may result in better patient outcomes and aid development of clinical outcome assessments of disease burden.

Equal Alternatives or Lower Standards for Immigrant Women-Analyzing Obstetric Care for Immigrant Women in Berlin Within the Framework of Cultural Health Capital.

In obstetric clinics in Berlin, Germany, more than half of the women are immigrants. The main objective of the qualitative study was to explore the staff's experiences with obstetric care for immigrants and juxtapose it with the immigrants' comments on their birth experiences. We analyze potential differences along the framework of a cultural health capital (CHC). Between May and August 2017, semi-structured interviews were carried out with 17 obstetricians and 17 midwives at four obstetric clinics in Berlin. The verbally transcribed interview material was subjected to a qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. Furthermore, a secondary data from an interview study was analyzed in the purpose of providing some insight into the practitioner study participant perspective. Between January and May 2017, in the postpartum ward at the Berlin Charité Campus Virchow Clinic, an interview study guided by the migrant-friendly maternity care questionnaire was conducted among 410 migrant and non-migrant women. For this study, the free-text comments on the pregnancy care were analyzed. The staff interviewees identified language barrier and legal status as risk factors for the late onset of obstetric care. CHC functioning potentially as alternatives to the established health care structures were voiced. Strong family ties among immigrant families bear a high potential for support. Gratefulness was voiced by the staff and immigrant patients as a source of satisfaction with care. Our study shows that obstetric care for immigrant women remains a challenge. CHC of immigrant women might partially compensate for exclusion.

The politics of ‘no politics’ in Pula, Croatia: an ethnography of the Demons football fan group

When a football fan group claims to be non-political, what does this mean, and what are the broader implications? This article examines such claims in a European context, through an ethnographic case study of the Demons, a small fan group in Croatia who follow Pula’s main club, NK Istra 1961. The literature on ‘ultras no politica’ is first reviewed. Interview material and ethnographic descriptions of group activities then form a springboard for a discussion of themes relevant to fan groups the world over: terrace atmosphere & group hierarchy; gender, sexuality & race; the role of the internet, social media, and branding; and violence and illegality. In the final section, I discuss and interpret the group’s ‘no politics’ positioning as: (i) a strategy for managing diversity, (ii) a rejection of party politics, and (iii) a foil that has facilitated a Croatian nationalist position among younger group members.

Qualitative research interviewing: application and use of free association.

Free association is a core concept of the free association narrative interview method, an approach that is well-known among researchers in the UK who are interested in using psychoanalytic ideas in qualitative psycho-social research. To examine the relationship between the framing of the psychoanalytic concept of free association in the contexts of qualitative research interviewing, clinical psychoanalysis and psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. This article considers the definition of free association in psychology and psychoanalysis. It then explores free association's role in the free association narrative method, in terms of interview technique and the analysis of interview material. Researchers should carefully consider differences in the contexts of research, clinical psychoanalysis and psychotherapy to avoid makeshift integrations of clinical concepts. The free association narrative interview method is an attractive approach for researchers interested in applying psychoanalytic ideas in their studies. However, researchers should carefully reflect on the meanings of the clinical ideas and terminology they use.

Queer in Cyprus? The LGBTIQ Movement, Normativity, and Resistance in a Changing (Trans)national Landscape

The literature on lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans*, intersex, and queer (LGBTIQ) politics has established the interplay between domestic and transnational norms and political tactics. However, knowledge about how local LGBTIQ activists understand, negotiate, and employ transnational LGBTIQ campaigns and tactics over time remains limited. This article builds on literature on the dynamics between national and transnational LGBTIQ politics. Based on interviews with Cypriot LGBTIQ activists, it examines how they adapt their perceptions and employments of LGBTIQ activism and politics when the transnational LGBTIQ movement interacts with local norms around gender and sexuality, and what the impact of this interaction is on the boundaries of LGBTIQ in-group exclusion and inclusion. The analysis of the interview material identifies three approaches toward transnational LGBTIQ politics that participants express over time: Ambivalence toward, acclamation of, and resistance toward transnational LGBTIQ politics. I argue that these different approaches show that the dynamics between national and transnational LGBTIQ activism and politics are not static and that the relationship between “norm” and “queer” is both messy and productive. I further argue that activists’ understandings, negotiations, and employments of transnational LGBTIQ campaigns and tactics in contentious contexts may reinforce and/or challenge national LGBTIQ politics’ normativization and queer emancipatory politics. Therefore, beyond contributing to discussions about the national–transnational relationship in LGBTIQ politics, the article demonstrates the importance of studying LGBTIQ activists’ views for gaining a well-rounded understanding of this issue.

Development of Problem-Based Mathematics Learning Media in the Independent Curriculum

This study aims to develop mathematics learning media with the Microsoft Office 365 Powerpoint program, the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by the TikTok application in an independent curriculum. In developing this learning media, researchers used the ADDIE development type (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) with 30 students as respondents in mathematics at MTS Muhammadiyah 1 Malang. Data collection techniques were in the form of questionnaires which included observation and interview questionnaires, media and material validation questionnaires, as well as pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The feasibility test Assessment by material experts includes learning objectives, learning methods, learning resources, learning activities, and learning materials, 77% of which are categorized as very feasible. Then the media was tested in the class before and after being given the media test treatment. The results were 0.028 with the treatment category before and after using the TikTok application-based learning media. In this case, it means that the mathematics learning media combined with the TikTok application is very feasible to use.

The Russian-Ukrainian war in the dimension of front-line period (based on interview materials with participants in the RussianUkrainian war)

The Russian-Ukrainian war in the dimension of front-line period (based on interview materials with participants in the RussianUkrainian war)

Therapeutic Discourse of Psychologists in the Context of Crisis: Normalization of Non-Action

This study examines therapeutic discourse, which is presented in the texts of psychologists in the context of crisis conditions associated with the Russian and world news and event agenda of the period end of February — April 2022. The purpose of the study was to reveal and describe the content of therapeutic discourse, to identify which methods (strategies) to normalize crisis conditions it refers to resorting, and whether the opposite happen — when the crucial events taking place are sharpened as a problem. The analysis of the material of blogs (Russian—language texts of psychologists posted on social networks for the period end of February — beginning of March) and interviews with practicing psychologists (11 interviews, collected in March— April 2022). Critical discourse analysis allowed to identify and describe the specifics, characteristic vocabulary and ideological guidelines of therapeutic discourse in crisis conditions, detect its interdiscursivity. A separate emphasis was placed on the description of therapeutic discourse in relation to socio-political, ethical-moral and other neighboring discourses, the following strategies of normalization of the crisis situation inherent in therapeutic discourse were identified — “sealing”, “re-description”, “attention switching”, the opposite discursive strategy — problematization was also outlined. In addition, the recommendations of psychologists (the so-called “techniques”) are considered in relation to how the texts interpreted the events occurring after February 24, 2022 from the point of view of their normalization.

The Location Profitability of Industrial Plants at the 9th Mile Area of Enugu State, Nigeria

This study examined the profitability of industries located in the 9th Mile area of Enugu State, Nigeria, to determine the extent of costs and revenues involved in the industrial productions in the area and the suitability of the area in industrial activities. It adopted a survey research design and simple random and purposive sampling techniques in selecting the 32 studied industrial plants out of the 52 available industrial plants in the 9th Mile area. This is 64.0% of the 50 functional industrial plants in the area. The population comprised the management of the 32 accessible and functional industrial plants who agreed to fill out our questionnaire and were ready for the interview. The identified managers were production, marketing, and plant/site managers, who were in a better position to give relevant information on costs involved in the production processes and revenues from the sales of products. The data for this study were obtained using a questionnaire (unstructured), interview, field observation, and documentary materials. The field data were analysed using the difference between revenue and cost graphs, especially line graphs. The results of the analyses indicate profits at varying sizes and rates in every 32 studied industrial plants because the revenue values are more than the values of costs. The profit trend for each year in each of the industrial plants ranges from tens of thousands of naira to tens of millions of naira. However, due to accidents and cheating (supplied wastes as raw material) by the supply sources respectively, Aptro Filling Station and Alex Enterprise obtained losses in 2013 and 2018. Therefore, it is recommended that the 9th Mile area is a fertile ground for different industrial activities due to its location and available resources, particularly water (good aquifer), local and regional markets, and transport facilities.

THE INFLUENCE OF ROLE-PLAYING METHOD IN INTERVIEW MATERIAL IN SUNDANESE SUBJECT TOWARD PHASE E STUDENTS AT SMAN 1 LEMBANG

The research is aim at elaborating the impact of role-play method in interview material for phase E (grade X) at SMAN 1 Lembang in Sundanese (Bahasa Sunda) Local Content Subject. The research used experimental quantitative research design. Experimental data for this research were students of SMAN 1 Lembang in odd semester of the 2022/2023 academic-year. In this research, phase E6 students were chosen as experimental class while phase E2 students were chosen as control class. The procedure of collecting data was carried out by observation method through observation sheets and performance test. The result of this research indicated that tcount > ttable (11.309 > 1.99495), consequently H0was rejected. This showed that role-playing method in interview material had an impact toward phase E students at SMAN 1 Lembang. Keywords: role-play, interview

Kesesuaian Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Dengan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam

This study aims: 1) To determine the suitability of the application of lesson plans and lessons in PAI subjects in class XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Sinjai Utara; 2) Describe the applicability of lesson plans in the implementation of PAI thematic learning in class XI MIPA 1 students of SMA Negeri 1 North Sinjai. This research uses the Mix Method research method (a research method that combines quantitative and qualitative research which is carried out simultaneously at the same time). Data collection techniques, namely interviews and questionnaires (questionnaire). Data analysis has two stages, namely quantitative data analysis using simple statistical methods in the form of formulations of conformity of lesson plans with implementation of learning and analysis of qualitative data consisting of data reduction, presentation and graphing. conclusion Invest educators in planning, assembling and implementing lesson plans if the learning process reaches its goals. This is evidenced by the acquisition of a questionnaire worth 8.20 with very appropriate criteria. In addition, based on the interview material, it can be described that there is continuity between the Learning Implementation Plan and the implementation of learning, for example in preliminary assignments, core activities and final activities. For quantitative and qualitative data mutually reinforcing, the suitability of the lesson plan for carrying out the study of PAI subjects in class XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Sinjai Utara is very suitable.

Experiencing a Lament Performance in a Mire

The article addresses the topical issue of environmental emotions from the perspective of individual experiences of environmental art reception. The research focuses on how the audience experienced lament performances by singer and musician Noora Kauppila in natural mires in Finland, and it asks the research question: What kinds of environmental emotions have laments in the mire provoked, and how are emotions contextualised in audience interviews? Art performances in the mire have become part of a growing international mire trend in the 21st century. I understand mires as a living heritage that reflects the diversity and inter-connectedness of heritage elements (e.g. practices and knowledge concerning nature) experienced by community members and individuals. The effectiveness of art (lament performances) is linked to reception research, which has not previously been applied to mire art performances. In the debate on the impact of art, the experiential perspective has been marginal. In the interview material, individuals’ experiences reveal strong emotions about the endangered environment. The lament performance transformed a mire into a culturally appropriated space for the collective and individual processing of emotions regarding a fragile natural environment. The interviewees reported unwanted changes in their own surroundings, and their feelings about the changes were reflected in the observed decline in the habitats of birds and other mire animals. In a broad sense, the article offers insights into the meanings and changes of an individual’s relationship with nature. The research evidence suggests that a communal context is needed to deal with environmental emotions, especially negative emotions like sorrow, hatred and grief. Likewise, the individual accounts reveal a need for a communal change in abandoning unsustainable lifestyles. The article is based on research that has been undertaken as part of the ‘Mire Trend’ research project at the University of Eastern Finland.

Concept Analysis of Nursing Surveillance Using a Hybrid Model.

This study aims to analyze the concept of nursing surveillance among nurses caring for patients in acute care hospitals in Korea. The conceptual analysis was conducted using the hybrid model proposed by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim. In the theoretical phase, the attributes of nursing surveillance were explored through a literature review. In the fieldwork phase, the attributes of nursing surveillance were derived by analyzing interview materials. In the final analysis phase, nursing surveillance attributes and the related factors were integrated and confirmed. The attributes of nursing surveillance were systematic assessment, pattern recognition, the anticipation of problems, effective communication, decision-making, and performing nursing practice. Based on the theoretical basis of the nursing surveillance concept, this study identified the nursing surveillance concept as perceived by Korean nurses, and examined strategies to promote nursing surveillance.

Akateeminen vapaus tutkimuskohteena - havaintoja Afrikasta

News about violations of academic freedom have increased with the erosion of civil liberties and the decline of democratization. However, there is little empirical research on the political effects of academic freedom. There is also no consensus on the exact definition of the term. In this article, the meanings of academic freedom are approached through literature and practical advocacy work, and by presenting the indicator published in 2020 by the Varieties of Democracy database. As an example, we examine research results on the link between academic freedom and democracy in Africa, where the university institution has developed in the midst of rapid political changes. Based on interview material, we will focus on the experiences of scholars in Ghana, Cameroon, Kenya and Zimbabwe. Research data shows that academic freedom and higher education support democratic development far into the future. That is why they deserve long-term support through development cooperation.

From a Place of Paradoxical Plurals

Abstract The contribution describes István Deák as both personification and propagator of paradoxical plurals, or seemingly self-contradictory elements concentrated in a single entity. Drawing on examples from his life, scholarship, public-facing writings, and extensive interview material, the authors explore this facet of his career and person.

The Planning and Establishment Challenges of an Urban Ecotourism Destination in South Africa

Ecotourism is a major driver of tourism in rural, usually remote peripheral regions in several African countries including South Africa. The aim in this paper is to examine the planning and establishment challenges which surround the development of an urban ecotourism project in South Africa. The research focuses on the Dinokeng Game Reserve which is geographically located on the boundary of one of South Africa’s major metropolitan areas and situated in the country’s economic heartland. This ecotourism project offers a new niche product for urban tourism development. Using documentary sources as well as original interview material the paper analyses the key steps in the planning of this innovative urban tourism product. The study contributes to the growing tourism geography scholarship of South Africa and to the broader international literature on the role of distinctive niche products in urban tourism development in the Global South

Imagining the next pandemic: Finnish preparedness for chronic transboundary crises before and during COVID‐19

AbstractBefore the COVID‐19 pandemic, infectious disease experts had postulated that the next pandemic is only a matter of time, and Finland, among other nations, had prepared for it. Yet the COVID‐19 pandemic crossed the customary political, functional, and temporal boundaries of crisis management to a surprising degree. This study analyses pandemic preparedness among Finnish infectious disease experts at the central government level before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2017–2021). The study is based on interview material, participant observation in the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare's infectious disease unit in 2017, and health security‐related document analysis. By analyzing expert perceptions of preparedness in two points of time, the study provides insights on the challenges that increasingly transboundary crises have posed for preparedness efforts. The experts perceived that pandemic preparedness would benefit from a more generic approach to planning and from more comprehensive risk assessments and policy advice. The analysis shows that Finnish crisis management had overlooked the extent of transboundedness of present‐day crises and is lacking consideration of how crises turn into chronic conditions that deplete capacities over time. The crisis man.agement regime needs to develop structures to better analyze systemic risks and to extend its timeframe to cover long‐term crises.

Borderland Porosities: Migratory Journeys and Migrant Politics in Lebanon and Turkey

Abstract This article focuses on displaced peoples’ migratory journeys to the borderlands of Lebanon and Turkey. Building on a selection of ethnographic, interview, policy, and programme materials, it advances the argument that Syrian encounters with these borderlands encompass multidirectional movements and context-specific and fluid processes imbricated in relations of power that often stimulate migrant politics, processes that involve, what we term, borderland porosities. Contributing to critical migration and border studies, the analysis emphasizes how displaced people negotiate the permeabilities of borderlands, engage intermediaries to assist in their perilous journeys, and employ their pre- and post-war transnational networks during their movements. This perspective places borderland porosities front and centre. It illuminates how these dynamic and penetrable spaces shape peoples’ movements, foster a diverse web of actors and encounters in migratory journey and resettlement processes, and cultivate a migrant politics of presence and invisibility.

Addressing the needs of Ethiopia’s street homeless women of reproductive age in the health and social protection policy: a qualitative study

IntroductionGlobally, homelessness is a growing concern, and homeless women of reproductive age are particularly vulnerable to adverse physical, mental, and reproductive health conditions, including violence. Although Ethiopia has many homeless individuals, the topic has received little attention in the policy arena. Therefore, we aimed to understand the reason for the lack of attention, with particular emphasis on women of reproductive age.MethodsThis is a qualitative study; 34 participants from governmental and non-governmental organisations responsible for addressing homeless individuals’ needs participated in in-depth interviews. A deductive analysis of the interview materials was applied using Shiffman and Smith’s political prioritisation framework.ResultsSeveral factors contributed to the underrepresentation of homeless women’s health and well-being needs in the policy context. Although many governmental and non-governmental organisations contributed to the homeless-focused programme, there was little collaboration and no unifying leadership. Moreover, there was insufficient advocacy and mobilisation to pressure national leaders. Concerning ideas, there was no consensus regarding the definition of and solution to homeless women’s health and social protection issues. Regarding political contexts and issue characteristics, a lack of a well-established structure, a paucity of information on the number of homeless women and the severity of their health situations relative to other problems, and the lack of clear indicators prevented this issue from gaining political priority.ConclusionsTo prioritise the health and well-being of homeless women, the government should form a unifying collaboration and a governance structure that addresses the unmet needs of these women. It is imperative to divide responsibilities and explicitly include homeless people and services targeted for them in the national health and social protection implementation documents. Further, generating consensus on framing the problems and solutions and establishing indicators for assessing the situation is vital.