Interventionist Model Research Articles

The Rise in Cesarean Births and the Technocratic Medicalization of Childbirth in Late-Reform China

The surge in cesarean section (CS) deliveries in China over the past several decades has led to significant international discussion, yet critical social science inquiry remains limited. Drawing on insights from sociological and anthropological studies of childbirth, this article moves away from the premise that having a CS is a matter of individual choice. Instead, we treat childbirth as ground zero of a set of complex negotiations between multiple actors, and we show how the biopolitical and politico-economic reconfiguration of the process of childbirth governance from the 1990s onwards has contributed to a dramatic increase in cesarean deliveries. Combining ethnographic materials from China’s rural and urban areas with an analysis of documents and quantitative data, we argue that the surge in CS rates in post-1990s China is part of a larger globalized process of the technocratic medicalization of birth, which has had a profound impact on the normative procedures and conditions shaping the process of childbirth, including the methods and forms of knowledge guiding childbirth management. This has contributed to the increasing normalization of a highly medicalized and interventionist model of childbirth, which has in turn facilitated the routinization of cesarean procedures.

Beyond the Red Pen: Using Dynamic Assessment to Mediate Writing Mechanics Issues among ESL Learners

Introduction: Dynamic assessment has demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing writing skills among ESL learners and may be especially useful in the improvement of writing mechanics by enabling individualized mediation and adaptive instruction. The major objectives of the current study were to examine the effectiveness of dynamic assessment in reducing writing mechanics errors among Pakistani learners in their essay drafts. The study also explored how experimental group students perceive the mediational intervention and dynamic assessment as an alternative approach to static assessment in improving writing mechanics. Methodology: To perform the study, a sequential explanatory design was used to explore the effect of dynamic assessment instruction on Pakistani ESL learners’ writing mechanics. The sequential explanatory design allowed us to understand the phenomenon under study more comprehensively by collecting both quantitative and qualitative data in sequence. The quantitative part of the study used an interventionist model, with a pretest-treatment-posttest design, while the qualitative part used semi-structured interviews. Following a quantitative test of the efficacy of treatment, the researchers interviewed the participants of the experimental group to investigate their perceptions of the mediation approach. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for recurring themes and sub-themes. Results: The quantitative findings of this study confirmed the significant impact of dynamic assessment and were consistent with previous research reporting it as an effective approach to improving writing skills. Regarding the qualitative findings, dynamic assessment positively affected students’ writing mechanics. Students reported that dynamic assessment could reduce writing anxiety, enhance self-efficacy, and provide ample opportunities to learn from their errors. Conclusion: The findings of the current study showed that the interaction between teachers and students during mediation significantly contributed to their writing development and helped them work toward self-regulation.

MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS OF LABOR MARKET REGULATION IN GEORGIA

Nazira Kakulia 
 E-mail: nazira.kakulia@tsu.ge 
 Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 
 Tbilisi, Georgia
 https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8879-1339
 
 Irma Tkemaladze 
 E-mail: irma.tkemaladze@tsu.ge 
 Doctor of Economics Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 
 Tbilisi, Georgia
 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7880-2562
 
 Abstract: The article discusses the impact of the changes on labor market resulting from the formation of the post-industrial economy and caused by the pandemic crisis, in particular the process of employment forms’ transformation, response measures to the transf ormation of employment forms are analyzed, the stages of the employment policy for the study period are separated, the need to implement the employment policy necessary for the symbiotic development of standard and non-standard forms of employment is substantiated. We conclude that labor market policies are more "sensitive" in nature than other policies. Therefore, choosing the distortionist model emphasized by the World Bank or the interventionist model prioritized by the International Labor Organization will not lead us to the results that may have been achieved in other countries. In our opinion, it is recommended to use a more intermediate approach, which considers the labor market policy in the framework of the general economic policy, and the final goal of economic reforms is not only a high rate of economic growth, but also an increase in the well-being of the population. By studying the employment policy, it became clear that the course of the last period is actually aimed at providing effective employment, at the same time, complex measures are being taken to improve the current situation in the labor market.
 However, as determined by the conducted expert research, only the perfection of the legal framework is not enough for the effectiveness of the policy. It is necessary to strengthen the enforcement mechanism and control the results.

Cognitive Processes Underlying the Weapon Identification Task: A Comparison of Models Accounting for Both Response Frequencies and Response Times

The weapon identification task (WIT) is a sequential priming paradigm designed to assess effects of racial priming on visual discrimination between weapons (guns) and innocuous objects (tools). We compare four process models that differ in their assumptions on the nature and interplay of cognitive processes underlying prime-related weapon-bias effects in the WIT. All four models are variants of the process dissociation procedure, a widely used measurement model to disentangle effects of controlled and automatic processes. We formalized these models as response time-extended multinomial processing tree models and applied them to eight data sets. Overall, the default interventionist model (DIM) and the preemptive conflict-resolution model (PCRM) provided good model fit. Both assume fast automatic and slow controlled process routes. Additional comparisons favored the former model. In line with the DIM, we thus conclude that automatically evoked stereotype associations interfere with correct object identification from the outset of each WIT trial.

PECULIARITIES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL MECHANISM OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES ABROAD

Foreign models of the functioning of the organizational mechanism of the state regulation of physical culture and sports activities have been identified. The first model involves the application of a liberal approach to the regulation of physical culture and sports activities in some countries of the world. It has been found that today there is an increase in the role of state influence in this sphere of relations. This is intended to provide conditions for the sustainable functioning of national and international systems of sports relations, protection of public and private legitimate interests of participants in sports relations, as well as generally recognized moral values. The complication of the interaction of public and private systems of regulation of physical culture and sports activities occurs within the second model of the functioning of the organizational mechanism of the state regulation of physical culture and sports activities abroad - the interventionist model. In Ukraine, a more liberal model is being implemented in the researched sphere of state regulation. This happens in view of the integration aspirations of Ukraine. In this context, the importance of implementing Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe No. CM/Rec (2011) "On the principle of the autonomy of sports in Europe" is recognized in the domestic territory. It is emphasized that all this determines the need for further scientific and practical research in order to find effective mechanisms of their interaction and criteria for their optimal combination.

COMPARISON OF SHARIA GOVERNANCE MODEL IN ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS BETWEEN THE GCG AND ASIAN COUNTRIES

Sharia governance is one of the fundamental characteristics that differentiate Islamic and conventional financial institutions. Therefore, the understanding related to sharia governance in Islamic financial institutions such as Islamic banking becomes significant. By using a literature study approach, this paper aims to review and compare regulations related to Islamic financial governance in GCG and ASIA countries. The result shows that the GCC countries and the Asia model of Sharia Governance are a huge difference. The GCC countries use the minimalist model of Sharia governance whereas Asian countries still use the interventionist model. The similarity in this term is about the fundamental of the regulations, which are based on the Quran and Hadith.

Applied Theatre as an interventionist model for theatre for development projects: the Itchi-Agu experience

Over the years, theatre art has distinguished itself as a very effective medium of communication in diverse spheres of life. Traditionally, the theatre situation requires the audience to come to the theatre, sit and see a performance. However, as time progressed, theatre practitioners saw the need to take the theatre to the people and use it as a tool for development, especially in rural African communities. This dimension of theatre practice is known as “Applied Theatre”, as it refers to the use of theatrical forms in unconventional theatre spaces to address issues of concern to communities. In such settings, theatre is often used as an interventionist tool to address the perceived needs of such communities. Theatre for Development projects have been undertaken on a number of subjects around Nsukka communities, but none has been devoted to addressing the issue of water hygiene in any of such communities. It is, therefore, the aim of this paper to examine the steps employed in the Theatre for Development (TfD) workshop by the Department of Theatre and Film Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, towards addressing the precarious water situation of Itchi-Agu community of Enugu State, as well as to recommend it as essential and ideal for TfD projects. The theoretical framework shall be based on the “Bottom-Up” Theory.

Australia's News Media Bargaining Code and the global turn towards platform regulation

AbstractGovernments across the world are struggling to address the market dominance of technology companies through increased regulation. The Australian Federal government found itself leading the world in platform regulation when, in 2021, it enacted the Australian News Media and Digital Platforms Mandatory Bargaining Code. The furore surrounding the introduction of the legislation, and Facebook's subsequent Australian ‘news ban’ exposed the limits of a regulatory model that has previously left the tech industry to moderate itself. In this paper, we argue the introduction of the Code is a leading example of a global trajectory towards regulatory change, which sees governments move from a reactive regulation model to specific interventions around the governance of digital media spaces. We discuss how best to measure the successes and failures around this more interventionist model through a case study of the implementation of the Code in Australia. More broadly we consider how global platforms have responded, and whether the reform is an effective regulatory model for other national governments to emulate.

Dynamic Assessment: A Complementary Method to Promote EFL Learning

Although some assessment modes have proved successful, many learning problems encountered by low achieving learners need to be fixed by a more procedurally adequate remedial classroom assessment. Many EFL instructors adopt conventional and static modes of assessment rather than flexible and humanistic assessment modes. Hence, the study aims at examining how Dynamic Assessment that premises on Vygotsky’s ‘zone of proximal development and advocates mediation through good social setting and practice can enhance EFL language learning. Accordingly, 25 EFL students pursuing the first level of an undergraduate course at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, formed the experimental group for the writing task and 20 for the Reading task. Pre-test and post-test were administered based on Browns’ Interventionist Model for writing task and Feuerstein’s Interactionist model for Reading Comprehension. In addition, an online questionnaire was distributed to 43 university teachers from Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University to elicit their opinion. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. The results show a significant relation between Dynamic Assessment and language learning. The implications of findings will be helpful in EFL classrooms and research.

Impact of Interventionist Dynamic Assessment on Iranian EFL Learners’ L2 Reading Comprehension and Classroom Engagement

The current study investigated the impact of an interventionist model of dynamic assessment, using a repetitive process of pretest-teach-posttest design, on Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension and classroom engagement. To this end, 40 intermediate participants were selected through convenient sampling from among the English majors of a university in Kerman, Iran, and assigned to two control and experimental groups, each including 20 students. Then, during 4-month period, the experimental group was exposed to reading comprehension class, using an interventionist model of DA, while the control group did not receive ant dynamic assessment program. At the end of the treatment, the participants’ scores on the pretest and post-test were statistically compared. The obtained results revealed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group on the scales of reading comprehension skill. A change was also observed in the classroom engagement of the experimental group, but not for the control group. Indeed, the results showed that dynamic assessment can boost participants' performance in a practical and effective way, not only in terms of reading performance but also in terms of motivating more classroom engagement among EFL learners. This finding has implications for teachers to design more efficient courses which are the ultimate goal of education.

A intervenção econômica como gênese do desequilíbrio dos mercados brasileiros

O artigo investiga a relação entre intervenção estatal e liberdade econômica, que compõem o núcleo da constituição econômica brasileira, questionando seu equilíbrio institucional, tendo como background críticoa perspectiva austríaca. Para isso, aborda-se o modelo intervencionista, indagando sua teoria, fundamentos e operação, em que se constatou sua incidência nos mercados, tanto direto (monopólios estatais e oligopólios legalizados), como indireto (tributação, benefício fiscal e burocracia). Além disso, examinaram-se dois relatórios e quatro importantes indicadores acerca da temática, buscando ratificar empiricamente as constatações levantadas. Concluiu-se que o Brasil, por meio das mudanças legislativas promovidas recentemente, como a reforma na LINDB e a promulgação da Lei de Liberdade Econômica, buscou quebrar o paradigma da prática de um intervencionismo sem racionalidade econômica e sem equilíbrio institucional, aproximando a ciência econômica para o âmago das normas jurídicas, evitando, assim, potenciais arbitrariedades da classe política no exercício do poder interventor econômico.

LIMITS TO CROSS-BORDER HEALTHCARE LAW AND THE PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY AFTER THE STJUE OF 23 SEPTEMBER 2020

Health protection is one of the fundamental pillars of the European Union and of the process of social-democratic constitutionalism. The achievement of a Community health care system is now more than ever one of the great challenges for the European community. In spite of these objectives, the European Union has adopted a logic that relies more on an interventionist model than on simple coordination, rather than on a harmonised system for all Member States. Unfortunately, this particular cooperative pluralism has made each of the Community countries competent and responsible for the coordination rules laid down by the Union. In this sense, Directive 2011/24/EU is set as the reference standard to guarantee the right of all European citizens to receive safe and quality healthcare, both in the public sphere and in the private sphere of another Member State. The aim is to guarantee the freedom of movement and movement of persons without damaging health. Today, the right to health care is a fundamental social right of a primary nature, which is linked to the right to life and dignity.

The Impact of Computer-Assisted Assessment on EFL Learners’ Writing Cohesion and Coherence

There are many studies that have been conducted with respect to the effectiveness of assessment on EFL learners, However, the computer-assisted assessment techniques have been left underexplored. The purpose of the current study is to fill this gap in the literature. For this aim, the researcher selected 61 upper-intermediate EFL learners through the convenience sampling method. The participants were at the age of 17 to 23. The researcher assigned the participants into two groups, the experimental group (n=31) and the control group (n=30). A computer-assisted assessment technique was employed with Edmodo software in the experimental group. This way mostly follows an interventionist model with mediation offered from a menu of predetermined clues, hints, and leading questions selected in a lock-step fashion (moving from most implicit to most explicit) by the computer. The participants of the control group continued in a conventional way. The results of this study showed that computer-assisted assessment can be regarded as an effective technique for enhancing EFL learners’ writing cohesion and coherence. EFL teachers and teacher educators can be the beneficiaries of the current study to enrich their concourses with the more computer-assisted assessment based.

Interventionist Dynamic Assessment’s Effects on Speaking Skills Testing: Case of Elt Teacher Candidates

EFL learners’ oral proficiency plays an important role in the representation of their productive skills. Especially, English language learners’ speaking skills are considered as main reflection of their proficiency in foreign languages. Speaking in L2 is accepted as a vital competence for language teachers as well, who are going to teach the target language in the future. The related literature puts an emphasis on the assessment of speaking skills utilizing various techniques. However, the number of research studies, examining how dynamic assessment (DA), especially the interventionist model of dynamic assessment, can be utilized as a technique in the assessment of L2 speaking performance, is relatively limited. Thus, the main aims of the current research study are both to investigate the efficacy of the interventionist model of DA in the assessment of student teachers’ speaking skills performance and to figure out their attitudes towards dynamic assessment. The participants of the current research were 29 student teachers, enrolled in the English Language Teaching Department of a state university in Turkey. To collect the quantitative data questionnaire survey was adopted and utilized as a checklist due to the number of the participants. On the other hand, to collect the qualitative data, a written structured interview was administered to the participants. The data were analyzed with the SPSS package and through the content analysis method. The findings of the current research revealed that participants were satisfied with the interventionist model and developed positive attitudes towards this assessment type. The participants stated that the interventionist dynamic assessment provided an authentic, creative and relaxing atmosphere, which decreased the level of their speaking anxiety. It can be asserted that DA can be administered to test foreign language speaking performance in language classrooms. Additionally, it was concluded that the interventionist model sustained and boosted the student teachers’ oral skills achievement.

On the Role of Dynamic Assessment on Promotion of Writing Linguistic Accuracy among EFL Learners: An Interventionist Model

On the Role of Dynamic Assessment on Promotion of Writing Linguistic Accuracy among EFL Learners: An Interventionist Model

An exploratory model of interventionist research to calculate costs and prices in small Brazilian manufacturers, combining training and intervention phases

PurposeThis paper aims to propose an interventionist research model for cost measurement in small manufacturing companies.Design/methodology/approachThe study was based on an interventionist model that consisted of two phases – training and intervention. The innovative model used in the study combined Labro and Tuomela’s (2003) framework with the socialization, externalization, combination and internalization model developed by Nonaka et al. (2001), and it was subsequently applied to two Brazilian manufacturing companies.FindingsThe main findings were as follows: the training phase is the one that generated the greatest impact on the cost calculation; competitors should not be invited to participate in the same program; it is necessary for the researchers to have professional experience of the subject being investigated and to have experience of micro and small enterprises; the training phase must be presented using appropriate language; and a better understanding of the costs can increase entrepreneurs’ confidence when negotiating prices with clients.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation was the small number of companies that were included in the study. Future research could involve longitudinal studies to evaluate the long-term results of interventionist studies.Practical implicationsThe study showed that even small business owners can implement costing techniques, but that this requires the development of an environment of knowledge creation, followed by an implementation phase. The model can be replicated on a large scale, with affordable costs.Social implicationsImproving the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises, which are high employers, with low implementation cost is a demand of society.Originality/valueThe model proved to be valid, and it could easily be replicated on a larger scale; the study therefore helps to demonstrate the benefits of interventionist research.

Effectiveness of a Multimodal Intervention for Group Counseling with Children of Divorce in Iran

Parental divorce is the issue of most concern for children. The purpose of this article is to describe interventions for children from divorced family. Literature review and references look at divorce groups from multiple perspectives so as to include as many diverse issues as possible. Group counseling helps students understand the wide variety of different issues that arise in the context of groups, helps with universality, and brings support and healing to the very essence of their life. The overall purpose, to empower students to make healthy adjustments in their lives given the immense life changes, is well served by group counseling. Measurable goals and evaluation methods insure a high degree of rigor in the process. Finally, 9 sessions are spelled out in detail including clear objectives, necessary materials and specific strategies so as to insure success in realizing the purpose of the group. Results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the interventionist model developed by the researcher was effective in improving psychological adjustment (P<0/01). Children of divorce participating sessions succeeded to overcome the negative effects of parental divorce through learning new skills. It is recommended that parents, school counselors and educational authorities benefit the study findings in order to help increase the adjustment in children of divorce.

Sexual Violation in Islamic Law: Substance, Evidence, and Procedure

Sexual Violation in Islamic Law: Substance, Evidence, and Procedure

Expanding CAP's interventionist model and developing proper learning rubrics

For Frey and Palmer (2014), communication activism pedagogy (CAP) “teaches students how to use their communication knowledge and resources (e.g., theories, research methods, pedagogies, and other p...

Investigating the insiders’ perspectives about dynamic assessment process and practicality

This study is an attempt to provide an understanding of insiders’ perspectives, EFL learners and teachers, about the process and practicality of dynamic assessment in the educational setting of Iran. Regarding these aims in mind, the participants, 25 EFL teachers, were required to fill out two questionnaires. Forty-five EFL learners were also asked to answer to a survey questionnaire, after a process of DA interventionist model while participants were instructed to write an essay. The results revealed that student participants had positive opinions towards DA in the language classrooms, though their views were not strongly positive. The analyzed teachers’ questionnaire data indicated that teachers mostly believed that the DA practicality in Iranian English classroom was low. Implications and suggestions for further research were also offered.