Case Study Of Intervention Research Articles

Impact Mitigation of Tunnels Maintenance Works on Highway Performance

Major maintenance interventions on highways (e.g., for the safety improvement of tunnels and viaducts) involve the presence of work zones for extended periods of time and along wide sections of the infrastructure. These interventions lead to supply changes, especially a reduction in capacity, causing a decrease in the performance of the transportation system, which users experience with increased traffic congestion and economic losses in terms of productivity. This paper aims to demonstrate that proper traffic management and work zone planning allow for a significant reduction of such impacts. In relation to traffic management, possible solutions consist of diverting traffic flows onto alternative routes (if possible, using primary roads) or keeping them in the remaining lanes along the work zone. In terms of work zone planning, leverage can be applied, on the one hand, through the design of the work zone layout and maintenance scheme and, on the other, through the duration and scheduling of the interventions. The methodology proposed in this paper is based on traffic simulation models in order to assess different maintenance scenarios under varying demand levels (i.e., during the rush hour and off-peak hours, weekdays and weekends, summer and winter months) and vehicular compositions (i.e., percentage of heavy vehicles), with the goal of identifying the scenario that minimizes the impacts on users. Modelling evidence on a real case study of tunnel maintenance interventions on an Italian highway is reported, discussing the policy implications on the basis of quantitative indicators, such as level of service, duration of delays, length of queues, and economic impacts.

Case Study of Crisis Intervention in Bipolar Disorder-based on Ecosystem Theory

Case Study of Crisis Intervention in Bipolar Disorder-based on Ecosystem Theory

A Case Study of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention in General Psychological Problems

A Case Study of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention in General Psychological Problems

Legal Aid and Access to Justice for Inmates in Nigeria: Challenges and Solutions

One of the foundational elements of human rights is access to justice, and it is a significant impediment facing inmates in Nigeria. This paper critically accesses the availability of Legal aid services to inmates, focusing on the roles played by legal practitioners, NGOS, and pro-bono initiatives in bridging the gap in accessing justice. Several systemically imposed barriers, underfunding, institutional limitations, and general unawareness of the need and availability for such legal intervention have continued to deny many inmates their much-needed access. The paper discusses a general overview of the status of legal assistance in Nigeria from its evolution to what currently constitutes the services being given to inmates. That identifies, among others, institutional barriers, economic constraints, and lack of public awareness about the availability of legal aid. This paper provides the best practices through case studies of successful legal aid intervention applied and strategies effectively adopted in the interest of enhancing access to justice. These findings form a basis on which the study makes recommendations for improving the delivery of legal aid, targeting improvement in the institutional frameworks, increasing public awareness, leveraging technology, and promoting cases of collaboration among the stakeholders. This would be important in ensuring that inmates in Nigeria have equal opportunities to access justice and measurable fairness and transparency in the application of the law.

社会工作介入丧偶单亲母亲情绪问题的个案研究

社会工作介入丧偶单亲母亲情绪问题的个案研究

Online career construction for a trauma survivor with career choice ambivalence

This article reports on the online administration of career construction counselling for a trauma survivor who sought help in resolving her career-choice ambivalence (uncertainty). The participant was purposively selected from a group of people attending a workshop on career construction counselling. An intrinsic, descriptive, exploratory intervention case study based on career construction counselling (involving administering the Career Construction Interview (CCI) to elicit the participant’s micro-narratives qualitatively) was used to generate data and adapted thematic data analysis incorporating the analytic style proposed by Savickas was used to analyse the data reflexively. The intervention shed light on the participant’s conscious knowledge about herself and on her subconsciously regulated views on her preferred future career choices. The findings confirmed the value of career construction counselling in promoting the participant’s psychological self as an autobiographical author especially. They also underlined the importance of timely intervention for trauma survivors in pre-empting the occurrence of unmastered developmental tasks and repetition of trauma. Future research should involve diverse participants in individual as well as group contexts. Equally important is contextualising the intervention discussed here to meet the distinctive diversity needs of participants in individual and group contexts.

The use of strengths-based approaches, Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) techniques and psychoeducation about autism with an adolescent in a post-primary school context in the Republic of Ireland: A practitioner report

This intervention case study is written by an Educational and Child Psychologist in the Republic of Ireland, which took place with Leah, a 15-year-old adolescent with a diagnosis of autism attending a post-primary school. Pre- and post-intervention assessment measures included the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). An individualised intervention plan was designed, focussing on promoting Leah’s self-esteem, as well as her understanding of autism. Therapeutic techniques used throughout the six-session intervention involved strengths-based and Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) approaches, alongside psychoeducation about autism. Leah’s post-intervention scores on the SDQ showed slight improvements in emotional problems and conduct problems following the intervention, while her scores on the RSE demonstrated a significant improvement in self-esteem from pre- to post-intervention. The case outcomes support the adoption of individualised strengths-based approaches and PCP techniques to promote self-esteem, as well as psychoeducation about autism to promote understanding and self-acceptance.

The United States’ Impact on Panama and the Panama Canal: An Intervention Case Study

This paper investigates the history of the Panama Canal and how United States (U.S.) intervention has impacted its growth. The frame of this study (1983-2005) is a time-period that experienced two substantial U.S. interventions within Panama - the removal of the Panamanian leader, General Manuel Noriega, and the transition of sovereignty over the Canal from the U.S. to Panamanian power. This paper looks to explore these two isolated interventions in correlation with changes in economic growth within the Canal Zone. The results of this study will retrospectively demonstrate whether intervention stagnated or boosted economic growth within the Panama Canal, a clear indicator of how U.S. interference impacted Panama. On a larger scale, this study aims to highlight the specific economic impacts of intervention and how future interventional policies may improve based upon past success or failures.

Using life-history maps to support students in connecting theory to practice: a case study of a social work teaching intervention

ABSTRACT Theory is essential to the professional knowledge base of social work, and the ability to understand, apply, and analyze theory in practice is central to professional capabilities and competence. This places social work education in the intersection of understanding, analyzing, and applying theoretical knowledge, a complex task which requires more than the transmission of information and extends to building skills in analysis, reflection, and critical thought. This article explores the implementation of life history mapping as a formative task to support undergraduate students connecting theory to practice in a second-year human development module as part of a qualifying training programme in the United Kingdom. Drawing upon the concepts of constructive alignment and Bloom’s taxonomy of learning, an action research method was applied to review existing teaching and learning approaches alongside learning outcomes. The article is structured around the four phases of action research: planning, action, observation, and reflection. Findings indicate positive outcomes with students reporting how life-history mapping has supported their ability to critique theories and models of development through connection to their lived experience, alongside enhancing their personal growth, empathy, and practical assessment skills.

Predicting online participation and adoption of autism unproven interventions: a case study of dietary interventions

ABSTRACT Family caregivers of autistic children are susceptible to unconfirmed fads and false claims regarding to the efficacy of unproven interventions. This study aims to predict family caregivers’ participation and adoption of unproven interventions in online communities. Based on the Diffusion of Innovations theory, we first divided the family caregivers’ adoption process into five stages: awareness, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. Social network analysis and natural language processing methods were subsequently utilised to characterise personal, environmental, and behavioural factors for predicting the formation of last three stage. The results indicated promising evidence for the application of machine learning algorithms in predicting family caregivers’ decision (AUC = 0.823), implementation (AUC = 0.887), and confirmation (AUC = 0.921). Furthermore, the results showed that factors such as social interaction, social persuasion, and modelling significantly contributed to family caregivers’ online community participation and facilitated the adoption process of unproven interventions. Family caregivers with stronger negative emotions expressed were more likely to adopt unproven interventions and recommend these interventions to other community members, thereby accelerating the diffusion of these interventions.

The benefits of restoring urban lakes in the tropics.

Lake restoration in developing economies, particularly in the tropics, is a major challenge given the severe levels of pollution from untreated wastewater and the warm climate conducive to microbial and algal growth. Restoration goals are often ill-defined or unachievable. Here we describe the successes that can be achieved through a control, compared with intervention case study of the two urban lakes in Bengaluru, India, one of the world's largest and fastest growing mega-cities. The unrestored control, Bellandur Lake, was severely polluted by 231 million litres per day (MLD) of untreated wastewater. The restoration site, Jakkur Lake, receives 10 MLD of treated wastewater and also receives some tertiary treatment by circulating the effluent through a constructed wetland before it enters the lake. The water quality of Bellandur Lake can only be described as extremely bad. Organic pollution levels in the main inflow were high (BOD5 of 199mg/l, faecal coliforms 6.9 Log MPN/100ml, total suspended solids (TSS) of 285mg/l) leading to the complete deoxygenation of lake even at the surface. The levels exceeded use-base standards for bathing water and fisheries. The high levels of organic pollution and low oxygen conditions also led to extreme levels of methane emissions that occasionally led to the lake surface catching fire. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the lake were extremely high (47mg/l and 6.3mg/l) respectively with low Secchi depth (SD). Despite the high nutrient levels, very little phytoplankton growth occurred (chlorophyll-a of 0mg/l), most likely due to the high TSS loads which restricted light availability. In comparison, the wastewater treatment and wetland at Jakkur Lake markedly reduced organic pollution of the main inflow (BOD5 of 32mg/l, faecal coliforms 4.1 Log MPN/100ml, TSS of 48mg/l). Levels of coliforms in the lake were above the standards for bathing waters. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the lake reduced (10.5mg/l, 2.4mg/l) but still classify the lake as extremely hypereutrophic. The lower TSS levels did, however, enable dense phytoplankton blooms to develop (max chlorophyll-a of 600 µg/l) which are in part responsible for the higher levels of dissolved oxygen in the lake water, albeit and as expected with large diurnal fluctuations. The comparison highlights the benefits that standard wastewater treatment provides to restore urban tropical lakes in context of rapidly urbanising catchments, and even though Jakkur Lake is by no means fully restored, it sustains water quality that allow propagation of fisheries and shore-based recreation. It also greatly contributes to greenhouse gas emission reductions. Further restoration measures are likely needed for urban tropical lakes, particularly to tackle pollutant loads in monsoon periods, but restoring community pride in the uses of a lake is an important milestone of the restoration efforts.

Integrating link count data for enhanced estimation of deterrence functions: A case study of short-term bicycle network interventions

Owing to the lack of demand-related data from interim timespans between consecutive household surveys, it is difficult to assess short-term interventions in the bicycling network and their impact on potential accessibility. In this study, we propose a novel method that incorporates easier and cheaper demand-related data for estimating the parameters of deterrence functions of gravity-based distribution models. In particular, an origin-destination (OD) matrix-updating procedure that uses bicycle count data was incorporated into a two-step line-search algorithm for estimating a two-parameter deterrence function. The method was applied to a case study in the city of São Paulo, where potential accessibility was calculated during the years 2014–2017, which was a period interim to the two most recent household surveys. Three different models were used to estimate the generalized costs of the network links. This method proved useful for capturing accessibility variations over short timespans. Results show how demand is affected by the bicycling network and provide insights into how short-term assessments can benefit decision-making such as providing well-connected and continuous bicycling infrastructure positively influences accessibility. However, they fail as a unique solution apart from land-use policies. Finally, our proposed method can become a valuable tool for decision-making from an accessibility perspective in the short term.

Did the design and planning of testing and contact tracing interventions for COVID-19 consider social inequalities in health? A multiple case study from Brazil, Canada, France & Mali

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented global crisis. It has exposed and exacerbated weaknesses in public health systems worldwide, particularly with regards to reaching the most vulnerable populations, disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. The objective of our study was to examine whether and how social inequalities in health (SIH) were considered in the design and planning of public health responses to COVID-19 in jurisdictions of Brazil, Canada, France, and Mali. This article reports on a qualitative multiple case study of testing and contact tracing interventions in regions with high COVID-19 incidence in each country, namely: Manaus (Brazil), Montréal (Canada), Île-de-France (France), and Bamako (Mali). We conducted interviews with 108 key informants involved in these interventions in the four jurisdictions, focusing on the first and second waves of the pandemic. We analyzed our data thematically using a theoretical bricolage framework. Our analysis suggests that the lack of a common understanding of SIH among all actors involved and the sense of urgency brought by the pandemic eclipsed the prioritization of SIH in the initial responses. The pandemic increased intersectoral collaboration, but decision-making power was often unequal between Ministries of Health and other actors in each jurisdiction. Various adaptations to COVID-19 interventions were implemented to reach certain population groups, therefore improving the accessibility, availability, and acceptability of testing and contact tracing. Our study contributes to identifying lessons learned from the current pandemic, namely that the ways in which SIH are understood shape how interventions are planned; that having clear guidelines on how to integrate SIH into public health interventions could lead to more inclusive pandemic responses; that for intersectoral collaboration to be fruitful, there needs to be sufficient resources and equitable decision-making power between partners; and that interventions must be flexible to respond to emerging needs while considering long-standing structural inequalities.

The Benefits and Complexities of Integrating Mixed Method Findings Using the Pillar Integration Process: A Workplace Health Intervention Case Study

The Pillar Integration Process was developed to facilitate integration of mixed method data, but there is limited historical application of this approach in complex intervention evaluation. To test the applicability of the technique, this paper presents two case studies examining the efficacy of a workplace intervention. The research included a pilot RCT and process evaluation. The case studies illustrate the benefits of applying the Pillar Integration Process to elicit a comprehensive understanding of intervention efficacy and to design better interventions. This paper contributes to the mixed methods research by advancing the technique through considering inherent philosophical assumptions, and evidencing the value of integrating methods within, as well as across, “qualitative” and “quantitative” categories.

PRÁTICAS INTEGRATIVAS COMPLEMENTARES NO TRATAMENTO DA SAÚDE MENTAL DE PACIENTES PÓS COVID-19: ensaio clínico randomizado

The aim of the study was to analyze the use of Complementary Integrative Practices (PICS) and psychological counseling in the treatment of mental health in post-COVID-19 patients. Clinical, interventional and qualitative-quantitative case study, with 15 patients divided into G1 (Acupuncture + myofascial release) and G2 (Laserpuncture + myofascial release), submitted to 12 sessions and psychological follow-up (Group therapy + 4 sessions of individualized psychotherapy) evaluated before and after treatment regarding emotional states (DASS-21). The female sex was prevalent in the studied population, in the age group of 25 to 29 years in G1 (28.57%) and 50 to 54 years in G2 (37.50%), higher education level, with comorbidities, predominance of married in G1 and single in G2. There was a statistically significant difference (p≤0.01) in the three DASS-21 subscales before and after treatments with G1 and G2, with no statistical difference between groups. There was an association between marital status and affective-emotional states, before the treatments, married people were associated with milder levels of stress, anxiety and depression, while single/divorced people had extremely severe levels. After the treatments, the married/divorced ones had levels close to normal, while the single ones reduced the levels to mild to moderate. It is concluded that the PICS associated with psychological follow-up had a positive impact on mental health in post-COVID-19 patients.

Imagining, Conceiving and Implementing Development: Diaspora Philanthropic Interventions in Post-War Sri Lanka

In the field of migration and development, the role of diasporas has been examined critically because of the political consequences and culturally informed moral norms often attached to their engagement with their country of origin. These shape the nature of their interactions. Drawing on two case studies of diaspora philanthropic interventions in post-war Sri Lanka, this article applies a post-development framework to study the complexities of transnationalism. These cases highlight the complex and uneven relationships between local and diaspora actors, and in doing so illustrate the various kinds of diaspora organizations and their ‘constituencies’. The cases also show that diasporas can have a facilitative effect on local development, but that the process of change is rife with institutional complexities, competing agendas and shifting priorities over time. The article speaks to the need to conceive development as a process, even more so in a post-war context. This requires much time to understand the exact impact of diaspora interventions in any local situation.

Exploring the mechanisms of data-supported reflective assessment for pre-service teachers’ knowledge building

ABSTRACT This interventional case study adopted a data-supported reflective assessment (DSRA) design to help pre-service teachers (PTs) engage in effective Knowledge Building (KB) and examined the mechanisms of this design to support PTs’ productive KB discourse. The participants were 80 PTs from two classes taking the same course. Statistical analysis of indices from social network theory and content analysis of the participants’ Knowledge Forum discourse revealed DSRA’s positive influence on PTs’ KB discourse. Thematic analysis of the PTs’ prompt sheets, supplemented by analysis of classroom videos and classroom observations, revealed four mechanisms by which the DSRA fostered PTs’ KB: (1) identifying promising directions for further inquiry; (2) navigating data for extending collective focal ideas; (3) integrating separated keywords and identifying problems for further inquiry; (4) and improving “storylines” in the collective inquiry process and making numerical values meaningful. These findings extend the literature by revealing the mechanisms by which learners engage in productive shared regulation which are crucial for successful inquiry and KB. The findings also have significant implications for teacher educators and researchers seeking to design technology-enhanced learning to develop PTs’ higher-level KB competencies.

Using Evidence-Based Practice in the Transition to Telepractice: Case Study of a Complexity-Based Speech Sound Intervention

Purpose: Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are tasked with integrating the principles of evidence-based practice (EBP) to provide effective and efficient assessment and intervention services that best support clients and their families. As new research, technologies, and perspectives emerge, SLPs are required to adapt their clinical practices to meet these changes while maintaining high-quality evidence-based services. Through an illustrative case study, we aim to demonstrate the process of applying EBP principles—including research evidence, client and family perspectives, and clinical expertise—to a complexity-based speech sound intervention delivered via telepractice. Conclusions: Results of the case study suggest that utilizing the principles of EBP to transition an evidence-based complexity intervention to telepractice was successful. Additionally, the EBP framework provided opportunities for reflection and continued adaptation throughout the intervention. The process of applying an EBP framework to a quickly evolving clinical practice environment provides SLPs with essential tools that ensure their services meet the needs of the clients they serve.

Structured exposure in an unstructured setting: Case study of parental exposure intervention to increase parental mastery of medical care during inpatient hospitalization.

Structured exposure in an unstructured setting: Case study of parental exposure intervention to increase parental mastery of medical care during inpatient hospitalization.

Suture and glue-free autologous graft for pterygium surgery

Of various techniques of pteryium surgeries to prevent recurrence, conjunctival limbal auto graft has been the most successful adjuvant since the studies have shown the role of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) as pathology of pterygium. The most common method of auto-graft fixation post pterygium excision is suturing; with drawbacks of prolonged operating time and postoperative discomfort. Replacing sutures with tissue adhesives may shorten the operating time, improve postoperative comfort; however, the major concern of the commercial fibrin glue is the cost and the potential risk of transmission of infection.To study, 1. The efficacy and complications of suture free and glue free conjunctival-limbal auto-graft for the management of pterygia, 2. The outcome of surgeries by two different qualified surgeons Prospective, interventional case study of 108 consecutive cases of pterygia that had excision with conjunctival-limbal auto-grafting without using glue or sutures. The operated eye patched for a day and followed up on day 1, 3 and 7, 6 weeks and 6 months; watched for hemorrhage beneath the graft, graft retraction, chemosis, recurrence or any other complication. The mean age of the patients was 40.7 years (range, 25 – 68 years) with female preponderance (60.2%) and nasal pterygia in 65.7 %. Not a single graft was dislodged and none had recurrence in the follow up period of 9-20 months. Graft retraction occurred in 7 cases (6.5%) and one patient had sub-graft hemorrhage which lasted for nine days. 76.9% had no discomfort even in immediate post-operative period. The results were comparable among patients of both the surgeons.Suture- and glue-freelimbal conjunctival auto-grafting following pterygium excision is a safe, effective and economical option for the management of both primary and recurrent pterygium. Learning curve is short and consistently similar results possible in different hands.