Interval Of Several Weeks Research Articles

School holidays and admissions with asthma.

The admission rate for asthma at a children's hospital was studied over an 11 year period. Admissions varied unpredictably over periods of a few days, but there was a repeated yearly pattern of peaks and troughs with an interval of several weeks. The short term variation could be attributed to chance effects alone, excluding any important role for short term influences--for example, weather changes--in precipitating asthma admissions. There was a definite association between the longer term variation and school holidays. The admission rate fell during holidays and there were two or more peaks during terms. The pattern is consistent with a largely viral aetiology for asthmatic attacks throughout the year. We postulate that school holidays disrupt the spread of viral infections in a community, with synchronisation of subsequent attacks. Travel during holidays may facilitate acquisition of new viral strains by the community.

Plastic and Reconstructive Treatment of Facial Skin Lesions

There are two reasons why I chose skin defects for my lecture today: on the one hand, we are very often confronted with malignant skin diseases in the head-neck region, especially in the older patient. On the other hand, we are convinced that the head and neck surgeon is especially qualified to treat this kind of disease as he considers not only the surface of the disease but also underlying structures and tissues like salivary glands, nerves, bone, and the pneumatic system of the sinuses. I shall try now to deal with the distinct regions of the face separately wherever possible. Extensive soft tissue defects of the frontal region may be reconstructed using a bridge flap from the scalp or with full-thickness skin grafts taken from the supraclavicular fossa or from the groin. The advantage of constructing a bridge flap is that it has the same thickness as the original tissue. However, this flap is usually used only as provisional cover, since hair growth is undesirable in the forehead area. The free skin graft is in many cases more advantageous, as large areas of it can be provided without causing large-scale defects in the donor region. In the frontal region, however, free skin grafts should be used only after an interval of several weeks, when the level of the defect has been elevated by granulation tissue. This superficial layer of granulation tissue must be removed immediately prior to skin graft transplantation. The second granulation tissue layer has a more substantial structure and provides excellent nourishment for free skin grafts. Frontal skin defects originating from frontal skin flap excision are frequently closed by a procedure known as the H-shape plastic. This plastic is capable of closing defects up to a maximum width of 3 cm. An incision close to the eyebrows is frequently not required. In such cases, the plastic resembles a T-shape instead of an H-shape. As the scars in the donor region are usually dissolved by the Z-plasty technique, they are almost invisible in many cases, for example after raising a frontal skin flap for reconstructing defects in the nasal region.

Acute reactions in rat feet exposed to multiple fractions of X-rays per day

Acute reactions of rat foot skin to regimens of X-irradiation involving single and multiple fractions per day were determined. The influence of an interval halfway through the treatment course was investigated for a multiple fractions per day regimen. The regimen was one in which 4 fractions of 2 Gy were given each day. Two courses of up to the tolerance dose separated by an interval of several weeks can be given without causing excessive skin damage. Repopulation during the interval was found to be responsible for the increase in tolerance. Repopulation started at about 2 weeks after the beginning of treatment. Using Barendsen's isoeffect model [4], doses which when given daily would result in the same biological effect as 4 X 2 Gy given daily, were calculated. Rat feet were irradiated with these doses. It was concluded that the isoeffect model provides good predictions of the tolerance doses in new irradiation regimens for the acute reaction of the rat foot skin.

The Caterer's Problem

How to teach problem solving? My usual unimaginative approach is to throw out a lot of problems and ask the students to work on them. Recently I tried something a little different with a class of preservice and in-service middle school teachers. We plunged into a problem that, to the best of my knowledge, was unsolved and treated it as a class research project. For an interval of several weeks we devoted a few minutes each period to progress reports on it. During this time.

Topical Heat Therapy for Cutaneous Chromomycosis

An aged man with a large scaly plaque over the left buttock was successfully treated by local heat therapy using an electric bed-warmer with a surface temperature of 46 degrees C. Clinically, the lesion involuted completely after two months of treatment. This was concomitantly confirmed by histopathological and mycological studies of biopsy specimens obtained from the lesion at an interval of several weeks. The isolated fungus strain of Fonsecaea pedrosol could grow at 37 degrees C on Sabouraud's dextrose agar, but was totally eradicated 24 hours after the culture was incubated at 46 degrees C. We consider that local heat therapy carried out under strict supervision is a quite effective treatment for chromomycosis. Moreover, it can be performed safely and without much discomfort to patients, and can yield satisfactory results in a relatively short time.

Case 28-1976

Presentation of Case A nine-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of congenital heart disease. She was born of the fifth pregnancy of a mother aged 33 years. At two months of gestation rupture of the spleen occurred after minor abdominal trauma, and the mother underwent splenectomy under spinal anesthesia at another hospital. A postoperative wound infection was treated with unknown antibiotics over an interval of several weeks. Vaginal delivery of a breech presentation was induced two weeks early. There was a transient decrease in the fetal heart rate during delivery, but the child cried spontaneously and appeared active . . .

Further investigations for the demonstration of a specific microorganism in sympathetik ophthalmia

19 Following the inoculation of tissue culture cells with material obtained from 3 human eyes suffering from sympathetic ophthalmia (2 sympathizing = sy-l, 1 sympathized = sy-2), no growth of bacteria was observed. On the other hand, changes occurred such as are typical for a massive infection with mycoplasmas. The morphology of these microbes corresponds, down to the details, with micro-organisms which the author has frequently demonstrated and illustrated since 1948 in human, chicken and monkey eyes suffering from sympathetic ophthalmia. 2. With the cultures of mycoplasmas obtained from the eyes of human patients suffering from sympathetic ophthalmia, it was possible to produce the same symptoms in chickens as were described by the author in 1950 in sympathizing and sympathized human eyes, namely: torpid uveitis and papillitis, which dragged on for months, and affected not only the inoculated right eye, but also, after 3 weeks and more, the untouched left eye. 3. Identical phenomena involving both eyes have been observed in chickens, the right eyes of which were inoculated with a strain of mycoplasma hominis orale 1 cultivated from other material in the Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie der Universität Mainz (Prof. Bredt) and given to the author. A chronic intraocular inflammation, which persisted for several months--up to 6 months and more--developed not only in the inoculated right eye of the animals, but also, after an interval of several weeks, in the untouched left eye. 4. Viewed critically and with due care, these findings suggest that mycoplasmas might well play a role in triggering off sympathetic ophthalmia. 5. The results reported on here indicate that intraocular inoculation with mycoplasmas is of importance both in microbiology and in general medicine.

Variations on the theme of postoperative intracranial hemorrhage.

Five unusual cases of postoperative intracranial hemorrhage are reported. In three the bleeding occurred within the subdural space, symptoms appearing within the immediate postoperative period in one case and after an interval of several weeks in the other two. In the remaining two cases the hemorrhage was epidural in location, contralateral to the site of the primary lesion in one and bifrontal in the other; the bleeding in both cases was probably related to a rapid reduction of intracranial pressure.

Effects of Forest Spraying with DDT on Aquatic Insects of Salmon Streams in New Brunswick

Sampling of emerging aquatic insects by cage-traps on a 24-hr basis showed the effects on the stream fauna of spraying forests with DDT at [Formula: see text] in June. Except for a few individuals that presumably emerged from unaffected pupae and nymphs, there was an interval of several weeks after spraying when no emergence occurred. From about the middle of August, however, large populations of very small insects, mainly chironomids, emerged in the spray year. The year after spraying, as compared with the spray year, there was an increased variety including some larger species.In following years there was further recovery by increase in larger forms through reproduction from residual small populations. The caddisflies recovered more slowly than other groups. After a single application of spray the fauna had practically recovered qualitatively in 2 or 3 years in some groups but usually not for 4 years or more in caddisflies. With a further similar spray applied within 3 years a reduction occurred equal in severity to that of the original spraying.From the standpoint of feeding of the young salmon, significant facts are: (a) the severe reduction in the bottom fauna of larvae and nymphs of all sizes in the first weeks after spraying; (b) the large populations of small larvae, mainly chironomids, developing in late summer of the spray year and so available to fry; (c) increasing numbers of larger insects the year after spraying and subsequent years.

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF DROUGHT ON THE GROWTH OF PINUS RADIATA D. DON

SUMMARY Detailed observations have been made of the developing growth rings in a 30 year old plantation of Pinus radiata during 1961–62. The occurrence of a sharp drought period followed by heavy rain and favourable growing conditions resulted in the formation of a “false ring”. Weekly samples of the cambial region showed that cell division ceased and the cambium appeared inactive at the height of the drought. Rapid cell division occurred after the rain, followed by an interval of several weeks before appreciable additions were made to the wood. The observations are discussed in relation to current theories on auxin regulation of physiological processes involved in wood formation.

Fatal aplastic anemia associated with chloramphenicol (chloromycetin) therapy; report of two cases.

Two cases of fatal aplastic anemia in patients receiving chloramphenicol (chloromycetin®) are reported, and the literature is reviewed briefly. In both patients, a 71-year-old widow and a 92-year-old man, an initial course of treatment with the antibiotic was uneventful, but resumption of therapy after an interval of several weeks was associated with hematological complications. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> R. C. B., a 71-year-old white physician's wife, complained of weakness and a rash on her legs in January, 1952. When examined by one of us (A. A. H.), who had attended her for 15 years, discrete and confluent petechiae and ecchymoses were found in widespread distribution, including the oral mucosa. Except for the purpura, her physical condition was the same as it had been for years. There was no history or familial history of asthma, hay fever, urticaria, or blood dyscrasia. Since 1932 the patient had intermittently followed a dietary

THE EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF MACROCYTIC ANEMIA BY OPERATIONS ON THE INTESTINAL TRACT

Abstract 1. The literature concerning attempts to produce macrocytic anemia of the liver-deficiency type in animals by operations on the gastrointestinal tract has been reviewed. Operations on the stomach have failed consistently to produce such an anemia, but success has been achieved by operations on the small intestine with the creation of blind loops or intestinal stenosis. 2. The technic we have used to produce macrocytic anemia in the rat is described in detail. The essentials are that the blind loop should fill with peristalsis and that it should not be too low down in the small intestine. 3. Anemia does not usually develop until an interval of several weeks or months after the operation. It is then macrocytic in type and acute in course. 4. The anemia is probably dependent on stagnation in the blind loop and a change in the bacterial flora of the small intestine.

HYPERSENSITIVENESS AND ANTIBODY FORMATION IN TUBERCULOUS RABBITS

1. Rabbits infected with bovine tubercle bacilli develop hyper-sensitiveness to an intracutaneous injection of tuberculin. This sensitiveness appears from the 2nd to the 6th week after infection and increases rapidly thereafter. Tests, as a rule, show fluctuation in the intensity of the sensitization. Sensitization is followed by an interval of several weeks preceding death during which the animals fail to react. 2. Rabbits infected with bovine tubercle bacilli form antibodies that fix complement in the presence of tubercle bacilli. The antibodies appear after 2 weeks, increase during 6 to 10 weeks, and persist until the animals die. 3. In the later period of infection the skin fails to react to tuberculin at a time when the serum contains complement fixing antibodies.