Intertextual Approach Research Articles

Translation or Intertextuality: A Literature Comparative Analysis of “The Young Dead Soldiers Do Not Speak” by Archibald MacLeish and “Krawang Bekasi” by Chairil Anwar

This study aims to pinpoint the relevant relation between two literary works which have a relationship with one another in the perspective of comparative literature studies. Data were gathered through the text deconstruction theory method by means of an intertextuality approach. The method is applied to juxtapose two well-known poems, Krawang Bekasi (Indonesia) and The Young Dead Soldiers Do Not Speak (America), which are suspected of having the same content and theme, but their relations were never revealed. This thematic-based study uses a multicultural perspective and is naturally suitable for comparative literature study. The objective of this study was to reveal the existence of Krawang Bekasi as one of the Indonesian poems written by Chairil Anwar and to demonstrate the cultural translation methods, known as cultural intertexts relation, for finding the intertextuality of two literary works. In fact, by tabling line through line, the intertextuality was found to be workable in comparative literature. As a result, the study shows that Krawang Bekasi by Chairil Anwar is an adaptation which borrows from and transforms The Young Dead Soldiers Do Not Speak by Archibald MacLeish. Thus, the intertextual relationship of these two works is revealed.

Ayat al-Qur’an dan Lirik Lagu Sufistik (Studi Intertekstual atas Album Bintang Lima Dewa 19)

The purpose of this manuscript is to browse the Qur'anic verses, which are positioned as a hipogram in the lyrics of “Bintang Lima”, Dewa 19’s album and the intertextuality pattern that occurs between the Qur'anic verses as a hipogram and the lyrics of “Bintang Lima” album as a transformation. The intertextual approach is used to evaluate which pattern is more used by the author of the transformation in ordering the lyrics of the song on the album. Of the twelve sentences in song lyrics on the “Bintang Lima” album, there are six sentences used exerp pattern, three sentences used modification pattern, one sentence used expansion pattern and two sentences used conversion pattern. The exerp patterns are more commonly used, as they are the simplest intertextual patterns and at the same time, giving way to the music fans of “Dewa 19” to understand sufistic messages in an easy way, so the accusations of carrying a Jewish mission (using Illuminati symbols). or theosofi and freemason understandings about this music group can be reconsidered.

Because the Poet

The transdisciplinary dialogue, the rebellious attitude, and the sublimation of dissidence by experimenting new forms as an act of hope are the key features of the relationship between Pier Paolo Pasolini and Patti Smith, who saluted the Italian writer as one of her greatest teachers throughout her entire career, along with Blake, Rimbaud and the Beats. From the poetry of Babel to the lyrics of Easter, passing through the photographic series Pasolini es vie, the eclectic American artist has never ceased to appraise the literary works and movies of this author as a constant source of inspiration, creating a bond that became very important to the audience but was never properly explored by the critics. In terms of reception, one should not forget that this original relationship also led many (especially outside Italy) to discover the figure of Pasolini. This article seeks to investigate Patti Smith’s Pasolini and the works that influenced her most, revealing through an intertextual and interdiscursive approach how the poet contributed to shape the imaginary and spiritual vision of one among the most important lyrical voices in the world today.

Bierce, Bioy Casares, and Borges: The Mirrors and Labyrinths of Intertextuality

This article analyzes the intersection of works by Ambrose Bierce, Adolfo Bioy Casares, and Jorge Luis Borges as mirror images of themes and descriptions in describing a miraculous occurrence, albeit only in the labyrinthine mind of the protagonist, often categorized within the genre of the fantastic. The article’s intertextual approach focuses on sensorial perceptions that only grant validity to an internal reality (what the mind interprets) rather than to an external reality (what the eyes see). All three works in this study are concerned with a criminal condemned to death who seeks to prolong his life. The protagonists have similar responses, although their motivations are different.

DERADICALIZING RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM LINGUISTICALLY: AN INTERTEXTUAL APPROACH TO ISLAMIC EXTREMISTS’ VIEW ON THE QUR’ANIC INTERPRETATION

This article is a qualitative-descriptive study which employs which concern the existing phenomenon underlying in the translation of Qur'anic verses that are generally interpreted as a means for legitimizing the acts of terrorism by radical Islamists. The integration on the linguistic knowledge of Islamic texts has been studied as a process of incorporating new information into the existing knowledge with an interdisciplinary approach. The importance of language in the multitude of learning and the discipline of science has led to its status as a condition for correct understanding of the Qur'anic messages. This study used Fairclough’s intertextual approach on the potentially abused Qur’anic verses for violence acts in the name of Islam by extremist groups such ISIS. Two patterns of understanding Islamic texts become the spectrum of how the teachings of Islam are fairly understood. Linguistic provides general criticism toward the radicals’ interpretations in understanding the Islamic sources (primarily the Qur’anic verses). Then the study ends up with an argument that the radicalism in many groups in Islam is connected with the reality of Islamic sources which essentially needs to be interpreted in the context of Islamic societies and requires dynamic reading and prospective production on the meanings of a sacred text.
 Keywords: intertextuality, language, and radicalism

Semantic and Pragmatic Presuppositions in Postmodern Text

The article suggests the analysis of literary texts based on the linguistic theory of presuppositions, which is considered to be one of the possible promising approaches to interpreting implicit levels of literary text. The use of this approach is expected to be effective at various communication levels: character-character, narrator-reader, author-reader. The authors use the method of discourse analysis to study the different types of presuppositions and their functioning not only within isolated abstract expressions, but as a part of a broad cultural context. Linguistic methods are combined with a philological method of text interpretation and an intertextual approach, of being subject to consider a random expression in the context of the literary work as a whole. The analysis of presuppositions specificity in the text and the ways of its explication are based on the theory of presuppositions. The methodology of the analysis focuses on identifying presuppositions to establish dominant semantic categories and systemic interaction between them, constituting the artistic picture of the world in Pelevin’s story as a postmodern writing code. Study of the text the presuppositions level helps to clarify the architectonics of the postmodern literary text and to define the ideological constants forming the semantic field of comprehension. The main positions in Pelevin's work are occupied by such semantic categories as ‘cosmology’, ‘religion’, ‘society’, ‘science’, ‘art’, etc. Their analysis allowed to formulate a meta-subject of postmodern text, which can be defined as ‘rite de passage’. Pelevin's story is viewed in the context of the dialogue between modernism realized the exhaustion of modern culture, and postmodernism accepted this situation as a given and played the fate tragedy as satyr drama in the best traditions of the ancient theatre: where the modernist hero dies, the postmodernist marginal is able to overcome an irresistible edge.

Poetry as a Strategy for Teaching English

This article explores ways to introduce and integrate poetry in English classes in the context of second-language education. My aim is to spark interest in contemporary poetry while addressing general perceptions by both teachers and students that poetry is difficult to engage in. I thus argue for an approach that centers on "easier" poems and involves aspects of contemporary popular culture to introduce poetry, help students appreciate it, and eventually engage in creative writing of their own. Furthermore, I suggest ways in which poetry can be integrated in English courses at large, via the inclusion of strings of poems, within their broader cultural contexts, and by linking them to different, more popular cultural forms of expression, such as songs, films, and cartoons. I exemplify this approach by focusing on two poems by African American poet Nikki Giovanni. "Knoxville, Tennessee" and "Nikki-Rosa" are autobiographical poems which offer first-person accounts of the poet's African American cultural background. However, my intertextual approach interconnects these poems with other poems and cultural texts from different parts of the English-speaking world. Ultimately, I suggest that poetry, due to its brevity and open-endedness, can enhance the study of the English language and Anglophone cultures in a variety of ways beyond the close study of verse in terms of aesthetics.

Intertekstualitas Puisi “Di Jembatan Mirabeau” karya Agus R. Sarjono dan Le Pont Mirabeau karya Guillaume Apollinaire

This research contains an intertextual study of poem “Di Jembatan Mirabeau” by Agus R. Sarjono and Le Pont Mirabeau by Guillaume Apollinaire. Both of these poems describe the same object, Mirabeau bridge. The purpose of this research is to determine the intertextuality between these two poems. The method and approach that used in this reserch are library method and intertextuality approach. The writer found several things that show the similarities and differences of these two poems. The similarities are found through the setting, structure of sentences, and point of view. While the differences are found through the language, time, final rhymes, and typography. The result showed that these poems have same meanings and expansion, conversion, modification, and exclution.

Sosok Ibu dalam Puisi Bunda Airmata Karya M.H. Ainun Najib dan Puisi Ibu Karya Widji Tukul: Suatu Kajian Sastra Bandingan

This study aims to determine the relationship of the poetry of the mother of tears by M.H Ainun Najib with the poem of the mother of Widji Tukul. Analysis in this theory uses a comparative literary theory that discusses metaphors, symbols and relevance in both poems. The method of this study uses an intertextuality approach. This research found the mother's figure as a parent and in God's eyes so that there is a relationship that connects a mother's tears in God's eyes with a mother's tears for affection for her children, namely the relation of Islamic elements in the contents of the two poems.

Performing Pride: Re-enactment, Queer Identity and the Performance of Solidarity

This paper will investigate, analyse and comment upon the various layers of performance in Pride. An intertextual discursive approach, which will encompass the film Pride itself, contemporary historical footage and critical reception, will be used to address how multiple examples and definitions of performance combine within and outside of the film text to create meaning and encourage activism. Two performance theories will be applied.Firstly, the work by philosopher and linguist, J.L. Austin, defined certain utterances as ‘performative’ (for example “I do” spoken during a wedding ceremony) because in saying what the person is doing, they perform that action. Secondly, Erving Goffman’s research into the centrality of performance traditions in everyday social life remains influential nearly sixty years after it was first published. Applying these two theories to Pride allows the complex layers of performance in the film to develop.As a result, this paper will focus on certain themes: performative activism where gay pride marches and the miners’ strikes are reconstructed and, therefore, commemorated; musical performance and how it is used to create solidarity and a sense of community; and performative identity related to lesbian and gay identity (of which the performative process of ‘coming out’ is a part). The discussion will conclude that in these ways, through performative acts, the film is ‘showing’ an audience what political protest and acceptance ‘looks like’ and how it should be promoted.

Tahsin Yücel’in Gökdelen’i bağlamında sinema ve reklam filmlerinde yeni yaşam mimarlarının izinden gitmek

Dilbilim ve göstergebilim alanının en önemli temsilcilerinden biri olmakla birlikte, çok sayıda öykü, roman ve deneme türünde eserler yazan Prof. Dr. Tahsin Yücel’in 2006’da yayımlanan ve 2073 yılını anlattığı “Gökdelen” adlı yapıtı özellikle mekânın insan ve toplum üzerindeki etkisini vurgulaması bağlamında önemlidir. Öte yandan özelleştirilen yargı sistemini ele alan “Gökdelen”, iktidar-medya ve yargı ilişkilerinin kurgusal aktarımı açısından da son derece değerli bir yapıttır. Makalede seçilen reklam ve sinema filminin öykü ve karakterleri, Gökdelen’in temel izleği ve ana karakterlerinin üstlendiği roller bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Bu düşünceden hareketle yapımcılığını Ağaoğlu Şirketler Grubu Başkanı Ali Ağaoğlu’nun inşaat firmasının üstlendiği “AĞAOĞLU MASLAK 1453 İSTANBUL” Projesi reklam filminde ve 2015 yılında gösterime giren “Bana Masal Anlatma” sinema filmindeki müteahhit karakterleri ve bu karakterlerin hedefe yönelik eylemlerinde izledikleri yol ve yöntemleri, her üç anlatı arasındaki “benzer ve farklılıklar” metinlerarası yaklaşımla analiz edilmiştir. Gökdelenin simgesel olarak kullanıldığı her üç anlatıda da (roman, reklam, sinema filmi) zaman, mekân ve eyleyenin/karakterin değişmesine karşın, gerçek ve kurgusal dünyada amacın aynı olduğu görülmektedir. Çünkü kendilerini bir “yaşam mimarı” olarak sunan Ali Ağaoğlu da (reklam-konut), uluslararası bir inşaat firmasıyla ortaklaşa yürüttüğü proje kapsamında eski evleri yıkarak yerine gökdelenler dikmeyi hayal eden müteahhit Timur Arslan da (film-konut) romanın ana karakterlerinden Temel Diker gibi tüm gücünü ve enerjisini İstanbul’u “baştan yaratmaya” adamıştır.

REPRESENTATION OF THE NEW REGIME TRANSITION TOWARDS THE REFORMATION ERA IN THE TEMBOK PAK RAMBO SHORT STORY BY TAUFIK IKHRAM JAMIL: INTERTEXTUALITY STUDY

The transition era between the New Order Era to the Reformation Era in Indonesia in 1998 became one of the popular themes for Indonesian writers. One of the works entitled Tembok Pak Rambo inserted elements of historical facts that occurred in Indonesia. The representation of the obscurity of the new order in this short story cannot be read only with heuristic readings, therefore a theory is needed to explore more profound the significance of the story. This paper utilizes the intertextuality approach in dismantling the veiled meanings in the story. The results showed that the short story represents two Indonesian leaders in the era of the new order transition to the reform era. This representation appears when aligned with a book called The Long Way of Indonesia Towards Democracy written by B. J. Habibie. Moreover, the short story titled Tembok Pak Rambo is not just about the hegemony between the ruler to his subordinates, but how the Indonesian writers were trying to criticism on the government and the historical facts that happened in 1998.

An Intertextual Approach to Narcissa Benbow in Sanctuary, Sartoris and “There Was a Queen”

An Intertextual Approach to Narcissa Benbow in Sanctuary, Sartoris and “There Was a Queen”

Architectonics of the lyrical book of O. A. Okhapkin “The Staff”

Oleg Aleksandrovich Okhaphin (1944-2008) is a representative of Leningrad literary underground of 1960’s-1970’s, which explains the fact why the majority of his texts was published on the pages of Samizdat. The peculiarities of the poet’s writings are insufficiently covered in the Russian literary studies, since multiple texts remain unpublished or inaccessible. This article analyzes the unpublished in official press lyrical book “The Staff”. In the course of research, the author applied the hermeneutic, comparative-historical, and intertextual approach towards examination of the literary work in question. It is underlined that holistic representation on his literary legacy is characteristic for Okhaphin, thus his book “The Staff” holds a specific place in his creative path. Lyrical book is a cyclic unity that combines texts of various genres. Each text is viewed in the context of two traditions: literary and Biblical. The book is also a crossover: the first and second parts aligns with poet’s creativity of the previous years; it is the foundation for emergence and development of the poetry of later years that is reflected in the third part.

Conceptus interruptus: Forestalling sureties about violence and feminism

AbstractForestalling sureties about what constitutes violence and feminism and the relationships between violence and feminism have been significant themes in the work of feminist International Relations theorist Marysia Zalewski. I follow how Zalewski, through her work and work with others including myself, interrupts well-trodden ‘trails’ of violence and feminism to open up thinking about both. I consider how her provocative work on violence and particularly feminist violence prefigures and advances cutting-edge critical thought on violence as represented in the ‘Histories of Violence’ project. What I call her ‘palimpsestic’ or multilayered and intertextual approach to violence reveals it as not only destructive, but also productive in terms of breaking with deadening conventions. I also consider her conceptualisation of feminist violence as both epistemic and militant over time in relation to some contemporary feminist insurgencies, the kinds of insurgencies that serve as her muses for breaking out of forms of ‘secured’ feminism and opening space for unbounded feminist thought. Consistent with her insistence that theory (and writing) should provide uncomfortable openings, not comforting foreclosures, I end not with a conclusion about her work, but rather echo her call to resist the kind of ‘knowing’ that suffocates critical thinking and (re)generative feminist thought.

Аллюзии христианской культуры в поэме В. Маяковского «Война и мир»

The article analyzes the functions of an allusive plan in the poem „War and Peace”. The author considers reminiscences and allusions of Christian culture, which makes it possible to find in V. Mayakovsky’s work features peculiar to Russian literature of the XIX century, to consider the work not from the generally accepted point of view of the poet’s futuristicism and innovation, but from the position of inheritance of classical traditions of national history and culture. Attention is paid to rethinking the canonical and established images by Mayakovsky. The study of the exclusive plan of the work allows to consider the text as a part of Russian culture without relation to the personal views of the poet, which defines the relevance of the work. When analyzing the poetic text, general scientific and philological methods are used, such as comparative, biographical method, intertextual approach, which helps to consider the work in relation to earlier literature and events that influenced the formation of the author’s position in the text.

Феномен интертекстуальности в литературном образовании

The author of the article, considering the current sociocultural situation, finds it appropriate to use the intertextual approach to the analysis of literature within the literature classes that aims to penetrate deeply into the text. Due to identifying multi-level links with the cultural context, the given approach enriches the reader’s outlook, creates aesthetic taste, and provides cultural self-identification that is relevant to teaching literature. The purpose of the article is to show the use of dialog and hermeneutic methods of analysis as well as the game form of organizing a lesson within the framework of use of the intertextual approach and to prove the importance of this method in modern educational practice. To prove her point of view, the author offers a certain lesson model, including an intertextual game, which makes schoolchildren gradually develop the intertextual competence, including knowledge of precedent texts and the typology of intertextual links and intertextual elements; analytical skills associated with finding intertextual elements at different levels of text production, the implementation of associative links with other texts, understanding the author’s position; modes of action necessary to interpret the literature. The author’s scientific and methodical reflection is based on the discovery of the phenomenon of intertextuality, which includes the form-building and sense-forming functions of the text due to which there occurs a dialogue of various kinds of texts, interconnected in a broad cultural context. The author believes that in relation to the pragmatic educational situation in the field of studying literature in school, the experience of its systematic appeal to intertextuality as a universal text category with the use of dialog and hermeneutic methods of analysis and intertextual play, activating the cognitive and interpretive activities of schoolchildren, may be of interest to the language and literature teachers. The result of the article is a scientifically based point of view on the role of the intertextual approach to the analysis of a work of literature in the further development of the methodology, theory, and practice of modern methodical science.

B. PASTERNAK’S “MY SISTER — LIFE” IN HERMENEUTIC RECEPTION

The relevance of this article lies in the hermeneutic approach to the analysis of a literary work, the verbal images of which are explicitly or implicitly oriented towards the traditional, mythical-sacred, and metaphysical semantic certainty. This work also presents a psychoanalytic interpretation of some images and examines the peculiarities of the poetics of the motive structure, figurative dominants, and lyrical plots, as well as their cyclic and dynamic orientation in the semantization of the text space and its allegorical code. Particular attention is paid to identifying the creative character of the lyrical hero, their ontological-existential state, which goes back to the primordial primogeniture of man and natural phenomena. Among the specific features of poetics, the metaphoricity of the artistic word attracts most attention, cultivating the identity of existential and subjective-emotional manifestations — which gives rise to the effect of the personality of artistic ontology: signs of the originality of the author’s vision. The hermeneutic reception in the work is complicated by the phenomenological reading of the reflexive practice of the lyrical subject, which determines the dynamics of the figurative development. In terms of methodology, the intertextual approach is actualized, which allows revealing the situation of the poet’s dialogue with literary and mythical-religious traditions.

«Предел кровавому поприщу»: мотив возмездия в повествовании А. Иванова «Вилы»

The research investigates the genre-forming function of the motive of retribution in the documentary and journalistic narrative of A.V. Ivanov “Pitchfork”. The relevance of the study is due to the attention of modern literary criticism to the historiosophical and social and political problems in Russian prose, the need to study the works of modern literature in its most striking manifestations. The purpose of this work is to try to determine the specificity of the main “bearing constructs” of the narrative of A. Ivanov “Pitchfork” in the aspect of the dominant motives of the work. The leading way to achieve this goal is the comparative and historical method, supplemented by comparative and typological, intertextual and mythopoetic approaches to the work of literature. As a result of the analysis, it was found that in the documentary and journalistic narrative of A. Ivanov “Pitchfork” the main genre-forming motive of the work, organizing its entire structure from the title to the “stories” of the main and secondary actors, is the retribution motive, derived from it and related motives, originally interpreted by the author. It is concluded that the motive of metaphysical, transcendental retribution “to all for everything” reproduced and transformed by Ivanov the artist, despite the extreme generality of this motive, helps the writer to comprehend and convey the contradictory complexity of historical events and historical characters involved in it. The field of application of the work results are researches on the latest literature, teaching literature in higher and secondary schools.

«Судьба России – давать свет миру, человечеству»: творчество Ф.А. Абрамова в контексте литературной и общественной жизни ХХ–ХХI веков

The aim of the study is an analytical review of the range of major and peripheral literary issues discussed during the international scientific conference dedicated to the centenary of the birth of Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov. Among the main issues actualized in the process of studying the creative legacy of the prose writer, it is worth identifying promising areas of understanding phenomena that are the near and extended context of the works of the founder of the “village prose”, clarifying the genesis of industrial literature, identifying conflicting links with the entire previous literary tradition of the tetralogy “Brothers and sisters”. The author of the article substantiates the productivity and prospects of the genre, comparatively typological, cultural-civilizational, mythopoetic, intertextual approaches to the work of F.A. Abramov and his entourage, implemented in the studies presented by literary scholars from A.M. Gorky IWL RAS, Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House), Lomonosov Moscow State University, St. Petersburg University, Moscow Pedagogical State University, Department of Slavonic Studies of University of Greifswald (Germany), Moscow Region State University, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, other scientific and educational organizations. Independent, but deeply integrated into the general issues of Abramology, is the issue of studying literary and literary critical concepts of F.A. Abramov’s. The review of the reports and messages made at the conference allows us to make a reasonable conclusion that the literary legacy of F.A. Abramov’s is of value not only in the artistic and aesthetic terms, but also in terms of the civilizational and world outlook. The conference confirmed the tendency to improve and deepen the traditional approaches, the effectiveness and the need for the new approaches to the study of the work of a great Russian writer.