Intersubjective Reality Research Articles

Fenomena “The Nuruls” Di Kota Depok. (Studi Fenomenologi Remaja Berhijab Di Kota Depok)

This study examines the phenomenon of "The Nuruls" in Depok City, a group of hijab wearing teenage girls whose lifestyle negotiates between conservative values and modern social demands. The research aims to understand the social interactions of "The Nuruls" through a phenomenological approach and identify factors influencing their social interactions. Using a qualitative studi phenomenological method, this study involves 4 hijab-wearing teenage informants aged 15-22 years, selected through purposive sampling. The results show that "The Nuruls" form their own social reality through activities such as hanging out in cafes, listening to music, and adopting casual styles. Social interactions within this group create an intersubjective reality and collective identity that strengthens the formation of meaning and self-identity as hijab wearing teenagers different from general expectations. This phenomenon reflects the dynamics of hijab-wearing teenage girls' identity in the digital era, who strive to balance religious values with modern lifestyles, although it can sometimes lead to negative social interactions.

An Empirical-Phenomenological Exploration of Anderssein (Feeling Different) in Schizophrenia: Being in-between Particular and Universal

Introduction: In this paper, we wish to elucidate alterations of basic existential and intersubjective configurations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) through the phenomenon of Anderssein (“feeling different”). Anderssein is an important yet neglected notion from German psychiatry, referring to a specific sense of feeling profoundly different from others occurring in SSD. Although phenomenological-psychopathological research mentions it as an aspect of the core disturbance of SSD (namely, “self-disorders”), the phenomenon has not yet been explored in empirical or theoretical detail. Method: We present material from a phenomenological-empirical study on the mode and onset of psychosis based on qualitative interviews with 25 patients with SSD. Results: Most of the participants in our study report having felt fundamentally and often ineffably different since childhood and articulate it as a sense of existing “outside” of the shared reality. Intersubjective reality appears progressively unreal or inauthentic, and simultaneously, the patient’s intimate, subjective sphere is permeated by an alien otherness. Importantly, this outside position should be understood carefully as it is often accompanied by the sense of being invaded by social rules, other people’s thoughts, or emotions. Incipient psychosis is described as a gradual extension of precedent alterations of the structures of (inter)subjectivity. Conclusion: We conceptualize the ontological feature of Anderssein as an altered “being in-between” – that is, some sort of halting of the dynamic movement between particularity and intersubjectivity. Finally, we discuss the critical implications of these results for research into the “onset” of schizophrenia.

Enactive approach to social interactions in religious media ecologies

In this article we examine the role of the body in constituting specific social interactions via religious media ecologies from the perspective of the enactive embodied cognition. Religious media ecologies give affordances for conversation and interaction which amplify not only religious but also social beliefs and turn subjective judgements into an intersubjective reality. Hence, despite the traditional emphasis on rational, verbal forms of social interaction, we consider the human body to be something of a cognitive pattern or map, representing important social senses and relations. Thematizing the proximity between embodied cognition and religious media ecologies can bring together philosophy and sociology, while addressing a range of prominent thinkers in an original way.

Perspective-taking and intersubjectivity in oral narratives of people with a schizophrenia diagnosis: a cognitive linguistic viewpoint analysis

Abstract Disruptions in theory of mind faculties and the ability to relate to an intersubjective reality are widely thought to be crucial to schizophrenic symptomology. This paper applies a cognitive linguistic framework to analyze spontaneous perspective-taking in two corpora of stories told by people with a schizophrenia diagnosis. We elicited natural narrative language use through life story interviews and a guided storytelling task and analyzed the linguistic construal of viewpoint in these stories. For this analysis, we developed a reliable and widely applicable viewpoint model that allows for the categorization and quantification of speakers’ linguistic presentation and navigation of spatiotemporal domains. We found that our participants skillfully presented, navigated and embedded different narrative viewpoints through a variety of linguistic viewpoint devices. They presented complex viewpoints of other people in both the here-and-now of the interaction and the there-and-then of a narrative, and made use of transition markers to demarcate spatiotemporal discourse domains. We found no differences in viewpoint variables when comparing their guided stories to a control group. If problems with intersubjectivity are indeed an essential part of schizophrenia, an explanation of how this group can take on and navigate complex linguistic viewpoints in natural narrative interaction is called for.

The recovery of homicidal people diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder-An interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Identity recovery in people diagnosed with schizophrenia who have committed homicide poses several difficulties. Premorbid mental illnesses, the experience of psychosis, and the absence of cohesive ego functions may result in the inability to integrate the homicidal act into self-identity. Problems with integration increase the risk of recidivism and further mental problems. The aim of the present research was to explore how homicidal people diagnosed with schizophrenia make sense of their actions, and how they identify with the homicide. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted at a long-term psychiatric home with people who had committed homicide and who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), an idiographic method rooted in phenomenologist traditions that focuses on how participants experience and make sense of events in their lives, and how those events affect their identity and sense of self. Three personal experiential themes were established as a result of the analysis: (1) homicide and responsibility; (2) homicide and self; and (3) control over threats to self and self-evaluation. (1) Homicide was often reported to have been committed in a non-conscious, delusional state that may have led to the loss of self-determination. (2) Our interviewees struggled to integrate their acts into their identities. They distanced themselves from the crime or held multiple, parallel interpretations of the act. (3) Recovering patients experienced the constant threat of entering into a delusional reality and losing control. The importance of control was central to their self-evaluation. The patients appeared to distance themselves from the homicidal act and to regard their delusional selves as a threat to their lives. Therapy aimed at bolstering self-control, supporting the integration of the fragmented self, and raising awareness of the connections between delusional reality and standard, intersubjective reality may be helpful in reducing the instability of the self. Therapy aimed at processing complex grief and loss of family is also needed.

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE MEANING OF CHANGE IN THE LAND FORCES POST-SECONDARY MILITARY EDUCATION SYSTEM

The pandemic crisis has ironically and paradoxically demonstrated an incredible drive for change and the need for this, due to a continuous downgrade of the relations with the authorities and to the phenomenon of “telework” or “online schooling”. Change makes sense, whether it is a naturally generated phenomenon or a consequence of human action. Caught between an objective and a subjective reality, the military education system has the power to produce qualitative mutations, through a new version, the intersubjective one, in which the emphasis falls on the importance of values and beliefs. These beliefs represented, beyond physical resources and throughout history, especially through the wars fought, the most important resource through which the leader obtained victory, based on the assumed strategy. Used as a research method, systematic observation created the context for a complex alchemy that confirmed the undesirable obligation of what produces meaning and created an algorithm of future reconstructions, based on changes in all three dimensions giving additional credit to intersubjective reality, through the given meaning

HOW TO STUDY THE ENLIGHTENMENT? STUDY AND DEFEND

We live in a time of uncertainty and transition. Some would claim that Enlightenment has already died (Kissinger, in Bendyk 2018, and Agata Bielik-Robson 2019), and its values are no longer relevant to our values. However, quite recently, some outstanding scientists, like Steven Pinker (2018), have published a good defence of the Enlightenment, claiming instead that we need the Enlightenment values. What follows is a quick overview of the defences of the Enlightenment from Adorno, Horkheimer and Habermas, and Todorov, Nussbaum and others to Pinker, arguing for pragmatic rationality. Rationality, even if it is impossible to define it with any universality from the objectivist point of view (Cartesian rationalism is impossible to defend), then it may function, together with human dignity, as a multi-faced criterium for intersubjective reality and tolerant, peaceful society.

Public Service and Public Happiness: Inferences From Big Weibo Datasets for 31 Chinese Provincial Governments.

The change of public service has usually been considered to affect public happiness. However, since the publication of the Easterlin Paradox, the causal relationship between public service and public happiness has been furiously questioned by public affairs researchers. It has been documented through resolving the four causal factors of public happiness within public administration, new public administration, new public management, and governance that public-service-driven public happiness may be attributed to four happiness dimensions: Objective Reality, Subjective Reality, Inter-Subjective Reality, and Virtual Reality. This article reports the results of significance tests of the relationship between public service and public happiness from analyses of large datasets collected from Weibo systems in 31 Chinese provincial governments from 2010 to 2020. The analyses show that the public service change during this period has not yet led to satisfactory improvement in all four happiness dimensions. Finally, we propose strategies for governments to modify public services to enhance public happiness.

Parents as Nomads: Journeys, In-Betweenness and Identity

When considering the parent voice as an individual subjective reality, it is observed as unique to the parent and not shared by others. This research sought to explore if parent voices could constitute intersubjective realities; inviting narratives from parents and professionals that may reveal a shared existence. The first theme explored the journeys of the parent as a nomad in their search for services to support their children. The second theme describes the position of the parent during the period of their child’s assessment, diagnosis and intervention, as that of ‘in-betweenness’. The third theme describes parents’ experiences as those of journeys, during which their identities change. Qualitative, in-depth, longitudinal case studies were undertaken with parents of young children with ASD and professionals over eighteen months. Semi-structured interviews (n-83) were conducted. Autoethnography was critical as a methodological tenet in defense of a position that states that research is an extension of our lives. The findings of this research show evidence of parental isolation and marginalization when procuring services for their children or when children failed to experience inclusion. This research suggests that nomads navigate (difficult) ways of forming new multiple selves and identities.

Social Change and Modernity: Identity Crisis of the Bonda Tribe in Pratibha Ray’s The Primal Land

Pratibha Ray’s anthropological novel The Primal Land (1993) documents the history of India’s endangered Bonda tribe dwelling in the secluded mountains of Koraput, Odisha. Not free from the interferences of the outside world, the Bondas face the threat of losing their tribal identity. This complicated position and their struggle between existence and identity, an intersubjective reality, was triggered by oppressive internal and external surroundings due to the pressures of modernity. The discussion focuses on their inherent cultural practices causingconstant internal feuds and the government’s intrusion with development plans leading to exploitation, cultural dilution, and socio-ethnic tension. Thus the paper decodes the difficulties of the Bondas and concludes that their existence cannot be ensured without the loss of primal identity.

Social amplification of risk and “probable vaccine damage”: A typology of vaccination beliefs in 28 European countries

BackgroundDespite lacking scientific support, vaccine hesitancy is widespread. While serious vaccine damage as a scientific fact is real yet statistically highly uncommon, emerging social and technological forces have amplified perceptions of risk for “probable vaccine damage”, making it a widely shared intersubjective reality. MethodsUsing the Eurobarometer 91.2 survey on a statistically representative EU27-UK sample interviewed in March 2019, we documented perceptions of vaccine risks and identified three belief configurations regarding vaccine effectiveness, safety, and usefulness, through exploratory cluster analysis. ResultsThe public beliefs in significant vaccine risks are frequent. Approximatively one-tenth of the EU27-UK population consider that vaccines are not rigorously tested before authorization, one-third believe that vaccines can overload or weaken the immune system and that they can cause the disease against which they protect, and almost one-half believe that vaccines can cause serious side effects. We identified three belief configurations: hesitant, confident, and trade-off clusters. The hesitant type (approx. 11% of EU27-UK respondents) is defined by the perception that vaccines are rather ineffective, affected by risks of probable vaccine damage, not well-tested, and useless; the confident type (approx. 59%) is defined by beliefs that vaccines are effective, safe, well-tested, and useful; and the trade-off type (approx. 29%) combines beliefs that vaccines are effective, well-tested and useful, with perceptions of probable vaccine damage. The vaccine-confident and the trade-off types have similar vaccination histories, indicating the significant role of other factors besides beliefs in inducing behavior. ConclusionsThe high proportion of varying public beliefs in significant vaccine risks and the presence of a trade-off type of vaccination assessment indicate the social normality of beliefs in probable vaccine damage. Communication campaigns should take into account the social normality of the perceived risk of “probable vaccine damage” across various social types, and patterns of concomitant trust and mistrust in vaccination.

African Realities in Motion: The Role of Dance in Vieyra’s Films in Constructing Intersubjective African Identities

This article examines how Vieyra's treatment of his subjects' intersubjective realities serves as a critique of the normative ethnographic film genres of the era that served to "other" African peoples and cultures. Using examples of dance in Vieyra's films, the article demonstrates how depictions of the African body in motion explicitly served to cultivate his uniquely African film aesthetics and ethics. This exploration of Vieyra's awareness of the interconnectedness of film, ethnography, colonialism, and dance seeks to articulate a new way for scholars of film and dance to understand the role that dance plays in African film.

ПОЗАСВІДОМЕ ПСИХОАНАЛІТИКАЯК ОБ’ЄКТ ЕМПІРИЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ(АНАЛІЗ ПУБЛІКАЦІЙ ІЗ БАЗИ SCOPUS ЗА І ПІВРІЧЧЯ 2017 РОКУ)

on the topic of psychoanalyst’s unconsciousness, published in the professional psychoanalytic journals from the Scopus list during the first half of 2017. According to them, out of 447 articles in 22 journals, 17 papers were discovered that contain the results of empirical research on the phenomenology of the functioning and manifestation of psychoanalyst’s unconsciousness. As a result, mostly the empirical part of them is based on clinical cases and interviews with psychoanalysts, training analysts and supervisors. In them, in particular, we discovered three general groups of key concepts that are the most relevant subjects of study during the specified period: countertransference, reverie and unconscious communication. A brief overview of the introduced categories in each group is described, for example: transference-countertransference matrix, narcissistic needs of the psychoanalyst, analytic eroticism, experiences regarding to the end of psychoanalysis, silence and numbness of psychoanalysts, unconscious fantasy and unconscious intersubjectivity. The conclusions generalize that the psychoanalyst’s unconsciousness and phenomenology of its manifestation in analytical work remains in the constant focus of research carried out in various psychoanalytic approaches, covering not only direct clinical practice (including those with specific categories of analyzers), but also training analysis and supervisor's assessment. The classical and lacanian schools are more focused on the study of countertransference, the British school – the reveries and unconscious imagination, the intersubjectivists are interested in the study on the ability of the psychoanalyst to use his or her unconsciousness in creating a special intersubjective reality between him or her and the analyst. Unity in the views of a psychoanalyst’s unconsciousness is noted in the ideas about its sensitivity, the diagnostic value of the experiences arising in the sessions, as well as the danger of neglecting the influence of his own unconscious on the psychoanalytic process.

The Concept of Ontological Security in International Political Discourse

The article studies “ontological” security concept. In a general sense the term depicts expectations of a state about its stable and predictable relations with counterparts. With the term gaining theoretical sway in constructivism since the 21st century, we argue, that it still lacks instrumental definition with fixed assumptions and variables. The analysis of ontological security is conducted in twofold manner. First, we overview the broad range of interpretations, demonstrate the absence of an instrumental definition of the concept and suggest some parameters of such a definition. Secondly, we study the ways how a state can gain ontological security. Three options of achieving ontological security are being presented: adaptation (assuming the role of ‘another’ from the external environment); change of rules (imposing its own role on the subject with whom the interaction occurs); and the breach of relations. At all these stages, the state tries either to adopt the norms and practices by which it interacts with the environment, or to redefine its position in ongoing relations with counterparties. We conclude by presenting a sought definition of the term and by arguing that the concept enhances the constructivist contribution to the IR theory since it allows to define the logic of states’ behavior in international arena. Thus, states seek to be socialized into an intersubjective reality and to define norms, practices and status through forging common and communicative knowledge with ‘other’. Otherwise, the state’s behavior could be irrational. Theory emphasizes the need to avoid situations of the ontological security dilemma: the state projects its own, mostly protective reality, which, however, does not provide it with ontological security from the counterparty and could potentially push for further escalation of crisis interactions.Authors declare the absence of conflict of interests.

The nature of management frameworks

AbstractA management framework (like the Business Model Canvas or SWOT) is a combination of interlinked items that support a particular approach to a specific objective. Various management frameworks are widely used even though their origins, adoption, and value remain vague. Previous research tried to decipher the adoption of these management frameworks, whereas considerably less attention was devoted to the theoretical explanation of the development and value of the frameworks. This paper investigates the nature of management frameworks in particular realms using analogical reasoning between biological and social systems, and mostly draws on memetics, intersubjective reality, and the network effect. By using memetics, the explanations on the origins of well-known frameworks are complemented. Second, the paper shows the role of the network effect in the growing value of a framework until it becomes an intersubjective reality. Finally, such a framework is explained as autopoietic within a particular realm.

The Variability of the Subject of Legal Relationships Concept in the Changing World of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Human

The article deals with the influence of the artificial intelligence phenomenon on the legal paradigm in terms of widening the range of legal entities. The decisive properties of artificial intelligence are the awareness of their own construction and functioning, ability to self-study, self-improvement, self-development, autonomy from the person in decision-making and so on. The author concludes that the division into legal and non-legal entities is artificial and depends solely on the human. The humanity creates its own legal space and determines the circle of legal and non-legal entities in it. This division has been developed by many generations of lawyers. But this division is not a dogma. With only one human willpower, another artificial creation was created. It was a legal entity. For a legal entity, the opportunity to be the person of a legal relationship is recognized without reservation. Since a collective agreement for the recognition of any person of legal relations is only in the collective imagination (intersubjective reality), its terms can always be changed in one direction or the other. Therefore, in the case of the emergence of a new actor who is a super-developed artificial intelligence, there is every reason to recognize it as a person of legal relations. Artificial intelligence can be empowered and may be recognized as being able to fulfill certain responsibilities. It has also been argued that the digital human being (Homo numeralis, Homo digitalis, Homo horologium) creates a new social and legal phenomenon. A human being is asked to name a person who is advanced with bioengineering, combining organics with inorganics, or building an inorganic life form. The digital human being will relate to the common human being as the next stage of evolution. This can lead to an even greater or fundamental stratification of society. Similarly, a digital human being can be the target of a cyber-attack.

Finding God in Grain: Crop Circles, Rationality, and the Construction of Spiritual Experience

Crop circles, which are intricate geometric patterns cut in fields of grain, have taken on spiritual significance for thousands of people across the globe. Based on field work in southwest England and interviews with believers, I analyze the socially constructed bases of this form of “New Age” spirituality. Using a symbolic interactionist framework, I illustrate how believers define crop circles as spiritual using subjective and normative rationality. Crop circle culture furthers this construction by providing a normative foundation with which to understand and experience the circles, as well as a basis of legitimizing this intersubjective reality to skeptical outsiders. In these ways, and others, spiritual experience is constructed, maintained, and defended by the individual in a subcultural context.

Drawing the Divine Seed

Abstract This article connects the disparate references to India in Coetzee’s writings to his core debate on ethics. Coetzee’s novels are in dialogue with the Western philosophical and psychoanalytic tradition that privileges an intersubjective reality over the reality of the objective world. This tradition sees the common Indians, and the natives of colonies, indifferently poised at the threshold of humanity. Being barely human these indifferent multitudes are seen as dispensable objects devoid of ethical claims. Coetzee’s metafiction highlights the ways in which the intersubjective community uses language and signification to produce a closed consensual reality against the open truths of the objective world. Coetzee’s snippets from India interweave the reality of a world oblivious to Western sentience and cognition. His efforts at pulling the obscure into the divine light of the rational community becomes comparable to drawing the divine seed to fertilize an abandoned and banished version of the Eternal Feminine.

Subcultural Mosaics and Intersubjective Realities: An Ethnographic Research Agenda for Pragmatizing the Social Sciences

Subcultural Mosaics and Intersubjective Realities: An Ethnographic Research Agenda for Pragmatizing the Social Sciences

The Primacy of Bilinguals and Trilinguals College Students’ Views on Reading and Language Learning

This study aimed at understanding the essence of reading and language learning by bilinguals and trilinguals college students. The study is based on data from two separate yet related studies that were completed. The study used interviews as a qualitative means to glean the views of Arab bilinguals (n=10) and African trilinguals (n=3). The study is based on symbolic interactionism approach to incorporate a focus on intersubjective realities of bilinguals and trilinguals, openness to bilinguals and multilinguals’ experiences and a search for invariant indispensable meaning in their descriptions of their bilingualism and multilingualism. In a very important sense, this study attempted to get beyond the immediacy of an experienced world in order to articulate the pre-reflective level of lived-world of bilinguals and trilinguals. The preliminary results of this study revealed that both bilinguals and trilinguals viewed reading as an establish tool for gleaning meaning. On the other hand, trilinguals viewed language from a larger intersubjective scope where the shared common understandings through ongoing symbolic interaction with the others. The trilingual also assigned more spatial perspectives, more metalinguistic awareness of reading and languages learning than the bilinguals.