Interstate Associations Research Articles

Grain farming is the basis for functioning of grain product sub-complex

Purpose – complex multifunctional and dynamic system, which includes a wide range of national economic functions, which is represented by grain farming, and requires priority attention to its development from the state has been analyzed. It is noted that the stability of grain trade, functioning of national and general grain markets depend on the quantity, quality, species range and price level of grain produced, demand, government influence on its production and sale, situation on the world grain market and other factors of an internal and external nature. The research methods are reflected in the improvement of territorial division of labor in the process of grain production and development of grain trade between countries, taking into account the scientific approach to the development and implementation of projects and programs of an interstate association, which should be comprehensive and take into account the positive aspects and barriers in expanding the single grain market. Results – it was revealed that innovative activity, promising innovations for the systems of breeding and seed production of grain crops, development of mechanization, land reclamation, chemical processing, expansion and strengthening of transport routes, information support, management in the fields of grain production and market relations allow the formation of specialized grain zones. Conclusions – in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to create a domestic accounting system in accordance with interstate agreements, according to which, in 2022, a mechanism for the identification and traceability of grain should function in the EAEU. It will require its development, similar to dairy products, which will significantly increase the cost of using these technologies.

Theoretical Foundations of Migration Policy

The article is devoted to the definition of one of the typical features of the modern era - an increase in the scale, a variety of types and directions of international migration. International movements of the population have become an important factor in social transformations in countries of destination and origin of migrants, and affect interstate relations. These conditions have led to an increase in the importance of migration policy as an obligatory component of the activities of national governments, interstate associations, and the entire world community. As a result, the relevance of scientific research on migration policy, which has theoretical and practical significance, has increased.

Сотовые компании как модель механизма снижения санкционных рисков для бизнеса

Economic sanctions, including financial ones, will be increasingly used in the practice of international relations in the foreseeable future as an instrument of pressure of some states or interstate associations on others. This creates incentives for the search and implementation of financial innovations aimed at reducing sanctions risks for businesses. The article demonstrates that the impetus for the creation of some important modern financial instruments and infrastructures was the attempts of states to legislatively or administratively regulate the market. The case of sanctions is likely to be no exception. One of the possible models for minimizing sanctions pressure on businesses can be the legal form of a protected cell company. It have been a financial innovation that originally emerged in the captive insurance industry and its objective was, among other things, to reduce the regulatory burden. Structures similar to protected cellular companies can potentially create the possibility to make the operations of national businesses of target countries opaque for external actors (financial regulators and monitoring agencies) that enforce sanctions. In the same time this model preserves the control of the target country’s own jurisdiction and transparency of business for its regulators. In essence, it creates a kind quasi-offshore legal regime, which, unlike traditional internal offshore zones, is designed to mitigate not internal, but external regulatory pressure.

Customs Risk Classification Approaches Under The Eurasian Economic Union

In recent years international trade has undergone significant changes associated, among other things, with the full-scale use of electronic documents, the conduct of a "sanctions" policy, the expansion of customs borders by including new states in the Customs Union and its transformation into the Eurasian Economic Union. These changes entail the emergence of new, previously unexplored areas of customs risks, the classification of which is the purpose of this study. The article considers a number of existing approaches to the classification of customs risks: by the method of identifying risks, by subject-oriented criterion, by the sign of time periodicity, by the source of risk. Their analysis is carried out and new methods of classification of customs risks are determined, according to the author, the most appropriate to the conditions of the functioning of the Eurasian Economic Union as an interstate association, implying the division of customs risks into systemic, channel and operational.

СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ РАБОТНИКОВ-МИГРАНТОВ В ЕС: КОМПАРАТИВИСТСКИЕ МОДЕЛИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ СИСТЕМЫ ПРАВОВОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВ ЕАЭС

The article assesses the EU legal system as a unique institutional unit and highlights its features. It deals with the comparative legal aspects of the regulation of the social welfare of migrant workers in the EU and the EAEU. Attention is paid to the study of legislation on social welfare for migrant workers in the EU, as well as the possibility of realizing the experi-ence accumulated within the EAEU. It is emphasized that the use of comparative models con-cerning the social welfare of migrant workers in the EU and the EAEU can be productive, taking into account the analysis of the state and dynamics of the EU's legal policy in its historical development. The authors have analyzed the historical stages reflecting the difference within the EU approaches to the regulation of social welfare relations for migrant workers. The emphasis is on the role of EU administrative institutions, which provide a balancing approach to the key principles and social policy settings, due to the desire to eliminate distortions and possible conflicts between the norms of states. At the same time, EU members have the competence within the existing common standards of financial security obligations to expand the estab-lished standards and this makes the EU's social policy geographically differentiated. It is noted that the allied states, formed on trade and economic grounds, such as the EU and the EAEU, are characterized by an objective desire for a single legal space, with the uni-fication of approaches on the social welfare of migrant workers throughout the Union. Never-theless, in complex interstate unions, it is impossible to abandon the principle of multi-level regulation of social and security relations, and in this sense, the situation in the EU and the EAEU is quite similar. The current state of EU law in terms of regulating the relations under consideration largely preserves national legal regimes, and each of them, through its special legal means, determines a different amount of social rights of migrant workers. In the context of the EAEU, a similar approach should not be considered productive, since it does not contribute to the goals of this interstate association, defined by Article 4 of the Treaty on its creation. Therefore, within the framework of the EAEU, it is advisable to fix as early as possible the uniform standards in the area of social welfare of migrant workers, estab-lishing a relatively narrow range of powers of the member states of the Union.

Аккультурация народов Евразии: от постановки проблемы к практической реализации

Due to its unique geopolitical position Russia plays an important role on the Eurasian continent. This article reveals the importance of the Russian culture in the Eurasian integration processes. The aim of the study is to consider acculturation as a form of intercultural communication, in the result of which a common Eurasian socio-cultural space and a Eurasian cultural community has been formed, where cultural integrity is formed maintaining certain cultural characteristics of various societies. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and the application of problem-chronological, historical and prognostic methods of scientific knowledge, the author came to the conclusion that in response to globalization the acculturation of the peoples of Eurasia is developing fast enough and not as invasively as it happened during the period of the Russian Empire or the USSR. Today, on the territory of Eurasia, heteromorphic interstate associations are emerging, economic, political and cultural environments are being formed, which do not always coincide with geographical boundaries. As a historical phenomenon acculturation depends on specific cultural and historical realities that developed in a certain space and time continuum. Depending on the position of the society entering intercultural interaction, methods, means, and factors influencing the process of intercultural interaction, various types of acculturation are distinguished (ethnic, religious, political, legal, etc.). In conclusion, the author states that the issues concerning the features of the formation of a single Eurasian socio-cultural space and the prospects for its further development, the cultural community of the Eurasian peoples require further scientific and theoretical research.

Modern Approaches to the Evaluation of Development Institutions Effectiveness

The article examines the role of development institutions in the modern economy and substantiates the relevance of their research. The purpose of this article is to study existing approaches to assessing the effectiveness of development institutions, identifying features and studying their practical application. The systematization and analysis of four approaches to assessing the activities of development institutions are carried out: as an economic entity (organization); as a tool for the effective use of public funds; as a degree of contribution to economic growth and an integrated approach. The study identified the most promising approaches to assessing the effectiveness of development institutions – the approaches of McKinsey and the OECD. These approaches, unlike the others, allow for a comprehensive performance assessment. However, the existing methods within the framework of these approaches are very difficult to apply in practice, since they are not sufficiently developed. It is concluded that it is necessary to apply an integrated approach to a comprehensive assessment of the activities of development institutions, which, according to the author, should provide for the calculation and analysis of the dynamics of indicators characterizing the socio-economic and commercial efficiency of activities; assessment of the contribution of development institutions to the socio-economic development of interstate associations, states and regions; assessment of the effectiveness of budget funds management; comparison of performance indicators of the analyzed development institution with performance indicators of similar ones. The research results can be used to determine the directions for further improvement of approaches to assessing the effectiveness of development institutions and the development of new methods.

Visegrad Group in Light of Challenges 2020

The year 2020, despite the pandemic and quarantine, saw a wide range of important events of domestic and international significance for the Visegrad countries. Each of them, no matter how different they may seem, fit into an interesting mosaic of the revival of a new Central European identity. The fight against the coronavirus pandemic has revealed the inner core of the Visegrad countries, their understanding of the real hierarchy of priorities, in which no one has abolished the national level. The Visegrad solidarity and mutual support of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic proved to be a very significant help in defending their rights in Brussels in allocating budget funds to help national economies to overcome the crisis. However, a number of other international developments have shown the flexibility of B4 as a regional factor. The Visegrad group, both from a practical and theoretical point of view, can be considered as a new form of regional European interaction that deserves the attention of other interstate associations for its experience and ability to find answers to current challenges quickly.

ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRATION EFFECTS IN THE EURASIAN

This article considers the strategic directions of economic development of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union, based on available resources and objective opportunities for their joint effective use. With all the turbulence and uncertainty that exist today in the world economy, the definition of the main directions for the coordination of economic policies looks extremely important and timely. In general, by 2030, the results of the economic development of the EAEU have to show the world competitiveness of the integration association.In spite of the fact that this idea hasn’t been understood and underestimated by most of politicians of that time in the CIS, today became relevant and widely demanded not only in a business community, but also at the public and humanitarian level. Integration processes in the Eurasian space are increasingly gaining momentum. Moreover, many joint platforms that strengthen Eurasian integration are already functioning actively and successfully: Eurasian Development Bank, Eurasian Economic Club of Scientists, Eurasian Business Council, Eurasian Media Forum, Eurasian Association of Universities and many others. International practice shows that any interstate association is experiencing different stages in its development and is complemented by new forms of cooperation. In the conditions of the modern economic reality which is characterized by tendencies of globalization and regionalization, member states of EAEU have taken the path of uniting the potentials of national economies for their sustainable development.  

Unified Digital Law Enforcement Environment – Necessity and Prospects for Creation in the “BRICS Countries”

The article examines the prospects for the development of an interstate association of BRICS member nations and concludes that it is necessary to expand cooperation in addition to the economic sphere through other areas, in particular, the organization of interaction to combat crime. The article focuses on the fact that an important area of joint cooperation between the BRICS member nations will be activities in the field of security and combating crime. The main promising areas of cooperation between the BRICS member nations in the field of security are formulated and forms of joint activities in these areas are proposed. This area of cooperation of the BRICS member nations should be based on modern information technologies, which is due to the need for coordination of law enforcement activities of the BRICS member nations. The article analyzes the joint system for preventing international crime in the BRICS member nations and concludes that no improvement of this system is possible without appropriate information support for law enforcement based on general principles and approaches. To this end, the necessity of creating a Unified Digital Environment for Law Enforcement Services in the BRICS member nations is substantiated, which implies the speed of achieving the objectives of law enforcement in the BRICS member nations; reduction of corruption risks in this area; as well as automation of individual work processes by replacing a human resource with software. The article describes the concept of a Unified Digital Environment for Law Enforcement Services of the BRICS member nations, substantiates the components that make up its structure. The modern methods of information processing that can be used to build the specified information system are presented. Possible interested users of this environment are highlighted and the capabilities of the Unified Digital BRICS Law Enforcement Services Environment provided to these users are presented.

Russian Federation and the Development of Integration Processes in the modern World: Problems and Prospects

The aim of the article is to analyze the concept and essence of the modern integration relations development, which reflect 2 basic trends — rivalry and cooperation of states and integration interstate associations. The subject of the article is the characteristics and peculiarities of the modern integration law and its basic model — the law of the European Union, as well as the latest trend of integration relations in the post-Soviet space. The article uses general scientific, philosophical and special legal methods of knowledge, and is based on the material of integration law and related legal and political sciences. According to the results, the article assesses the possible prospects for the development of integration relations in the world, especially for the Russian Federation and Eurasian Economic Union.

Inter-state Growth Spillovers in Indian Major States: An Empirical Analysis

This article verifies the inter-state linkages of economic growth across Indian states in a panel framework. Data have been used for the 15 major states for 1980–1981 to 2013–2014. For studying the long-run association between aggregate output of a state and that of the rest of the states, panel cointegration techniques have been used. Fully modified ordinary least squares estimation technique is used to find long-run coefficients. In addition to it, inter-state growth spillovers of output for three principal sectors of economy have been verified separately. The findings confirm the existence of inter-state association in the long run for the aggregate output as well as the sectoral output. Unidirectional causality runs from rest of the state’s output to a state’s output. There has also been a substantial increase in the extent of linkages after the reforms for the aggregate output. Though coefficient is positive, agricultural output has witnessed a decrease in the extent of linkages after the reforms. But, the linkages among states for industrial and service sector output have been improved as a result of the reforms. With the increasing flow of goods and services, growth spillovers are evident and economic spillovers of states are complementary. Removing barriers on inter-state trade, flow of investment, knowledge, and services will supplement to growth spillover among Indian states.

INTEGRATION AS AN OBJECT OF RESEARCH OF LEGAL SCIENCES

The solution of both theoretical and practical problems related to the legal support of integration processes determines the relevance of the search for appropriate methodological approaches to the study of this problem. Reference to the problems of methodology of studying the legal nature and law of integration of interstate associations is important, as there is still no uniformity in the theoretical interpretation and methods of research of legal integration. The purpose of this article is to consider the possibilities of application of interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, transdisciplinary (system) approaches to the study of certain problems related to the legal support of integration. The analysis of the chosen problems is based on the provisions of domestic and foreign scientific works devoted to the problems of the methodology of jurisprudence. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that in the conditions of the global world complex objects of reality, which also include integration, can not be cognizable within one scientific discipline, which is a significant argument in favor of referring to interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and systemic methodology. The choice of the appropriate methodological approach to the study of integration depends on: the essence and characteristics of the object of study; the objectives of the study; the purpose of the study. No less important aspect in the study of integration is the appeal to the axiological aspects of integration processes, and therefore, the study of various aspects of regional economic integration, for example, cultural, sociological, psychological, aimed at the study of values and goals of integration, the state of society, the role of man in the integration process.

Holy Union in modern Russian historiography

The article analyzes the research of modern Russian historians on the problems associated with the emergence, activity and significance of the Holy Union as an interstate Association of the first half of the XIX century. The study, analysis and evaluation of the Holy Union were engaged in scientists and pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. But their conclusions were largely determined by the political and ideological features of the two periods of the Russian state. The modern Russian historiography of the Holy Union is characterized by the rejection of both the assessments of historians of tsarist Russia praising Imperial decisions and those explaining the activities of the Holy Union from the reactionary positions of historians of the Soviet period. At the present stage of Russian historical science, due to the absence of ideological restrictions and the involvement of a wide range of archival sources, scientists continue to study the Holy Alliance as an integral part of the Vienna system of international relations of the first half of the XIX century, and as an independent Association of European States. At the same time, in the works of Russian scientists, the Holy Union is considered and evaluated the personal and religious factors of this organization.

Central Asian Transboundary Waters in the Age of Globalization: Problems of Legal Regulation and International Cooperation

In the current situation global water’s crisis, despite active measures of the world’s community in the direction of its resolution, gains the acuteness of situation year by year. In this context, the difficulties in determining the legal status of transboundary waters’ definition are escalated by the intensification of the global trend towards the activization of ecosystem’s stability. Practically, taking into account generous amount of problems in the sphere of transboundary water resources’ management Central Asia countries at this time aren't ready to the approbation of the specified approach and are only at the stage of normative consolidation of effective interstate cooperation in the explored sphere. Within the conducted research the polyvariety of the definition “transboundary waters” was analyzed; problems of legal regulation of transboundary waters’ usage in the Central Asian region were solved; water resources’ influence on of the Central Asian countries’ international cooperation was characterized. For further positive interstate cooperation integrated technical water interstate agreement which would become the fundamental basis on the way of Central Asian states’ stable water policy formation and would formalize the effective mechanism of water apportioning’ realization in practice was recommended to conclusion. It was argued that formation of the integrated newly-formed independent interstate association in the form of Visegrad Countries would become the most perspective blueprint of transboundary waters’ cooperation development.

Содержание категории «наднациональность» в современной международно-правовой доктрине

INTRODUCTION. The increase in the number of interstate associations with an intrastate authority, delegated by State members is one of the main characteristics of contemporary world. In the international legal doctrine, the accepted term for such associations is supranational when the phenomenon of delegation and exercise the authority on interstate level is called supranationalism. Despite the fact that official documents and research works consist the term under consideration in the middle of 20th century, so far, the complex and generally accepted definition of supranationalism has not been formed. This situation negatively effects on correct understanding the essence and prospects for the development of integrational processes taking place in modern international relations. This article seeks to overcome this uncertainty. MATERIALS AND METHODS. When writing the work, a number of theoretical studies of domestic and foreign international lawyers of the second half of the 20th – beginning of the 21st centuries, as well as legal sources that are important for revealing the research topic, were analyzed. During the research implementation, the authors used historical, comparative legal and some other general scientific and special legal methods. RESEARCH RELULTS. Within the framework of the work, it was substantiated the assertion that the content of supranationality, first of all, consists in endowing the bodies of an interstate association with certain domestic powers, which determines its close relationship with such a category of international law as “integration”. Subsequently, based on comparison of two definitions, it was justified that supranationalism can be considered as one of the methods for integration in interstate associations. At the same time, given that in this case, the transfer of domestic powers to the interstate level is being carried out, and supranationality implies close interaction between international and domestic law, the system of guarantees that ensure the stable development and integration of states within such associations is of particular importance. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. The general conclusion of the article is that supranationalism should be understood as a way of organizing and operating an interstate association, which has a certain degree of independence and is vested with intrastate authority for the purpose of international legal integration of its member states, subject to a balance of domestic and international beginnings in the process of functioning of such an association.

On the Essence of Authorities Provided by Russian Federation to Interstate Association

The trend of interstate association development, which is actively spreading in the modern world, entails many questions that require explanation at the theoretical level. Increasingly, the issue of the state right constitutionality to participate in such associations began to be raised with the transfer of part of its authority to the associations. With the implementation of this right, the problem of preserving the sovereignty of the union state appears. These issues are considered in the article on the example of participation of the Russian Federation in the Eurasian Economic Union. In this regard, the article describes the conditions under which it is possible to transfer some part of state powers to the supranational level. Various doctrinal approaches to the study of the concept of “authority”, “the authority of the Russian Federation” are also given.
 
 The use of such research methods as comparative legal, system-structural, formal-legal allowed the author to conclude that the transfer of part of the powers of the Russian Federation to the EAEU is constitutional and the legal nature of the interstate association itself.

Теоретичні засади підготовки майбутніх політологів до професійної діяльності англійською мовою

Nowadays political reality is characterized by instability, the tendency of traditional state structures to collapse and the emergence of new interstate associations. The analysis of current political events taking place in them belongs to the professional activities of political scientists. As it is impossible to find a modern country which could develop beyond the formation of world civilization, there is no doubt that political scientists of different nationalities should communicate in the global English language. It follows from the above that it is necessary to train qualified specialists in this field of knowledge who could fulfil their professional duties by means of English. However, the existing methods of teaching English-language professional speech to the future political scientists do not provide students with the mentioned skills. In this regard, the purpose of the suggested article is to work out theoretical bases for training future political scientists in profession-oriented activity in English. The development of the above-mentioned skills is possible on the basis of the procedural integration of the English language and political science, where the links of these two different subjects are coordinated. A specific feature of the procedural integration is the manifestation of educational and professional foreign language skills alongside with foreign language professional skills in the profession-centred (field-centred) process. Thus, it is necessary to develop two integrated competences: the professional and foreign language speaking ones. For their development, the professional subject of the course of political science and the corresponding vocabulary necessary for the expression of its content have been determined. Integrated training of future political scientists in analysing current events in English includes the stages as follows: familiarization, language-oriented, training in speaking, and profession-centred. Keywords: professional activity, integrated training, future political scientists, procedural integration, professional competence, foreign language speech competence.

СУЩНОСТЬ И СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

Security is considered as a phenomenon that characterizes the essence of the state in which the object (its unity, development and existence) is not threatened by anyone and anything. The term ‘does not threaten’ refers to the inaccessibility of criteria, messages or direct influence that have the probability to destroy, disrupt or otherwise affect the unity of the object (social structure), or to complicate the circumstances of its existence, formation, etc., or to remove these circumstances and messages. In addition, security is implemented in all forms, depending on the types of social entities (individual, family, community, professional community, party, Association, government, country, nation, civilization, interstate associations, etc.), and, in addition, within the framework of those areas of social relations, in which the main interests of society are realized: financial, economic, political, environmental, humanitarian, information, military, etc. When considering the relationship between security in General and state protection in particular with the impact of the country, it is necessary to separate the definitions of ‘security’ and ‘security protection’. Scientists often do not see differences between the concepts of state security and state security. In particular, V. Serebryannikov highlights the definition of security as “the activities of people, companies, country, global community for the identification (study), the prevention, weakening, destruction (dissolution) and the reflection of the threats and dangers that can destroy them to deny basic material and spiritual values, to inflict unacceptable (unacceptable subjectively and objectively) the harm to block the road to modern development”. There is not only a substitution of definitions of ‘security’ and ‘security protection’, but this approach leads to the following: in the development of a system of criteria of state security or its elements (socio–economic security, for example) it introduces aspects such as the gross national product, the degree and quality of life, the rate of inflation, the rate of employment, the lack of budgetary funds, etc.so it is about indicators to achieve which is aimed at the financial and economic policy of the country. So, these characteristics depict the effectiveness of the work to ensure protectedness but do not represent a complete picture of the level of protectedness.

Project management in educational systems

The article discusses the problems of the modern textbooks and teaching aids on pedagogy, where the solution of management problems is the content of the chapter, which is often called “Management of educational systems”. Then authors define, that in scientific papers devoted to the problems of pedagogical management, the view of his specific object and subject is substantiated. So, it is considered that pedagogical management as a science of management of educational systems and processes is a branch of pedagogy, the subject of which is the organization of management in the field of education and in educational institutions. The structure of pedagogical management includes the following levels: a. management of the teaching staff; b. teacher activity management; c. student activity management. The authors believe that in pedagogical management there are two levels of management: the head of the educational institution and the teacher. The activity of the head is aimed at creating conditions for the effective functioning and development of the entire educational system of the institution; the task of the teacher-manager is the organization of educational work with the aim of developing cognitive activity and the formation of the student's personality.
 According to the authors, project management is among the “young” and most demanded areas of scientific knowledge and practice. Development of it over the past 50–60 years has gone from its understanding as a technological scheme for organizing work on the implementation of individual projects to the idea of project management as a methodology for system changes, which carried out in organizations, firms, corporations, territorial entities, across the country and interstate associations.
 The article also reviewed the most diverse areas of scientific knowledge. It is the project culture. We think that it is institutionally manifested in project activities, although it does not boil down to it. All of the above gives grounds for identifying historical and cultural sources of project management as a person’s ability, an independent type of professional activity and, finally, a cultural phenomenon.
 The authors think that in modern management concepts, there are two types of management - process (management of recurring activities in fundamentally unchanged external conditions) and project management (change management of the managed system). The latter is precisely the subject of research in the field of scientific knowledge and practice, called “project management” and the subject of one of the branches of management science - project management.
 In conclusion, the authors define the methodological foundations of project management in pedagogical management are system-activity, process, and resource approaches, which, being internally consistent, set the fundamental methodological orientation of research in the considered field of scientific pedagogical knowledge.