Inter-sentential Switching Research Articles

Analysis On Code-Switching Encountered in The Conversation of Daniel Mananta and His Guest Stars on “Daniel Tetangga Kamu” Video Youtube Channel

This study aims to describe the type of code-switching encountered in the conversation of Daniel Mananta and his guest stars on “Daniel Tetangga Kamu” video Youtube channel. This research covered three types of code-switching as a discussion for further linguistic study on code-switching. A descriptive qualitative method is used for this study to analyze the data collected from three videos out of the videos uploaded of Daniel Mananta in youtube. The method is applied to give a clear description of the data according to the three types of code-switching by Poplack. Then, the data were sorted out of the selected corpora from video transcription. The result of this analysis showed that there were types of code-switching found in this conversation, including inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, and tag switching. Type of code-switching which is intra-sentential was the most frequently encountered in corpora with 111 data.

An Analysis of Using Code Switching by the Students in Learning English as a Foreign Language at MA Al Fatah Kota Mulya

This research aims to describe the types of code switching that occur in English language learning at MA Al Fatah Kota Mulya in four meetings. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative research. The subjects of this research were the eleventh-grade students. The object of this research is a speech on the use of code switching, which includes the types of code switching in English language learning at MA Al Fatah Kota Mulya. The results of the research show that there are 8 types of code switching in English language learning at MA Al Fatah Kota Mulya. Furthermore, all data is divided into 3 types of code switching: (1) intra-sentential switching occurred in 1 data (12,5%), (2) inter-sentential switching occurred in 3 data (37,5%), and (3) tag switching occurred in 4 data (50%). So, the most dominant type of code switching is tag switching.

The occurrence of code-switching in English as foreign language Classroom: An analysis of teacher’s and students’ conversations

Code-switching is an exciting phenomenon in the English classroom, especially in multilingual settings. While it is being practiced, several types of it have appeared. Dealing with the previous phenomenon, this research is intended to describe the types of code-switching used by the English teacher while conducting English classrooms. Descriptive research was used as the framework of this study to cope with the earlier goal. In collecting the data, the audio recording was used to record the classroom conversation and then transcribed into written form. After that, the data was analyzed. Furthermore, the findings highlight that the teacher uses three types of code-switching: tag-switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching. Also, this study reclassified the tag-switching into tag-switching with tag-phrase at the initial and the end of the sentence. Then, it regrouped inter-sentential switching into inter-sentential switching between clause and sentence and inter-sentential switching between two sentences. Last, it recategorized intra-sentential switching into intra-sentential switching with embedded words and intra-sentential switching with the inserted words. By describing the previous findings, it is hoped that types of code-switching can be clearly understood.

Modulating bilingual language production and cognitive control: how bilingual language experience matters

Abstract The Adaptive Control Hypothesis and the Control Process Model propose that bilingual language use in different interactional contexts requires control processes that can adapt in different ways to linguistic demands. This study explored the effects of language experience on cognitive flexibility and inhibition among 41 Chinese–English bilingual adults. In particular, it aimed to investigate the relationship between spontaneous language production (i.e., bilingual conversation and narration tasks) and cognitive control. Participants’ inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility efficiency was measured through verbal and spatial Stroop tasks, and a colour-shape switching task. Overall, it showed that frequent practices of intersentential switching in speech production resulted in significant facilitatory effects in both verbal and nonverbal inhibitory control. This study provides new evidence for the importance of bilingual language experience in adaptive cognitive control in naturalistic speech production and furthers our theoretical knowledge of the relationship between the language system and crucial domain-general cognitive processes.

Investigating Billingual Education as A Language Framework and Its Application for Successful Social Engagement

Objective: The research reveals the impact of the course on English and English for mathematics conversations, highlighting improvements and identifying challenges in expressing mathematical ideas. Overall, it aims to analyze code-switching types and reasons in the English for Mathematics course context. Method: This qualitative case study explores code-switching in English for Mathematics courses, unveiling the nuanced types employed by lecturers and students during classroom interactions. From tag-switching to intra-sentential and inter-sentential code-switching, the classroom becomes a dynamic linguistic canvas. The study investigates motivations behind this interplay, including internal factors like language proficiency and fear of linguistic missteps, and external influences like participant dynamics and contextual nuances. Research Findings and Discussions: Although this course is due in English, the use of the Indonesian language also happens for both lecturers and students. The occurrences of code-switching itself are on the type of tag switching, intra-sentential, and inter-sentential switching. Internal and external factors influence code-switching in classroom interactions. Internal factors, such as language ability and preferences, impact students' comfort with using specific languages. External factors, including participants, context, and lesson topics, also shape code-switching occurrences in educational settings. Research Implications: The research implied to improve students' English proficiency in mathematics, emphasizing understanding mathematical terms and delivering presentations in English. By implementing the code switching. Originality/Value: This research offers lecturers and students point of views related to the types of code switching used by both of them in the process of teaching and learning as well as it is also reasons for using code switching where it contributes for both of them to understand and master the English for Mathematics Course. Then, this exploration offers insights into the symbiotic relationship between language and subject matter within the English for Mathematics classroom, revealing the vibrant tapestry of this linguistic and educational dynamic.

Switching the Script: Unveiling the Linguistic Dance of Code-Switching in Nigerian Online Skits

This journal article presents an in-depth investigation into the intricate phenomenon of code-switching in Nigerian online comic skits, a burgeoning genre of digital entertainment. Within Nigeria, a nation characterized by linguistic and cultural diversity, online comic skits have emerged as a potent medium for creative expression, social commentary, and cultural representation. This research delves into the analysis of the different roles and types of code-switching employed by content creators in these skits, elucidating their linguistic, sociocultural, and comedic dimensions. Conducting a descriptive qualitative analysis, Poplack's (1980) Model of Types of Code-Switching and a functional model adapted from Hoffmann (1991) and Appel and Muysken (2005) were applied. Five skits, selected based on substantial viewership and the popularity of content creators, formed the core of this study. Our findings indicate that all three types of code-switching are prevalent in the skits, with inter-sentential switching being the most frequent. Additionally, the seven functions of code-switching manifest in the skits, with the referential function emerging as the most frequent. The primary use of code-switching in these skits revolves around fostering humor, expressing strong emotions, and portraying the educational status of the characters.

An Analysis of Code Switching Found in Novel “The Paragon Plan”

Bilingualism is native-like control of two languages. Has even suggested that Bilingualism commences when a person begins to understand utterances in a second language. Code-switching frequently occurs if the speakers can speak more than one language and use the languages simultaneously in the same context. This means the speakers intend to keep the utterance's meaning the same when emphasizing the purpose. In this research, the data was collected by using the observation method. The data of this study were taken from The Paragon Plan novel by Aranindy. The data was analyzed based on a theory proposed by Poplack (1980) to find out and categorize the types of code-switching. Meanwhile, the reasons for code-switching were analyzed by using the theory by Hoffman (1991). In analyzing the data, descriptive and qualitative methods were used. The types of inter-sentential switching are the most dominant in the novel The Paragon Plan with 30 data or 44.8%, followed by inter-sentential switching with a total of 24 data or 35.8%, and followed by tag switching amounted to 13 data or 19.4% of 67 data. Concerning the seven reasons for code switching, the findings indicate that only two were identified in the novel “The Paragon Plan”. Talking about particular topic is the most dominant reasons of code switching. Ultimately, code-switching in a novel can serve various narratives, character-building, and stylistic purposes. It enriches the story's linguistic and cultural landscape, making it more engaging and relatable for readers.

Exploring Code Switching in Boy William’s YouTube Interview with Maudy Ayunda

This study explores the phenomenon of code-switching in the YouTube video “Maudy Ayunda Sempat Merasa Insecure Saat Berada di Stanford” uploaded by Boy William. The analysis focuses on the types of code switching employed in the conversation between the interviewer (Boy William) and the interviewee (Maudy Ayunda). The data were collected from the announcers utterances by (1) downloading the video (2) watching the related video repeatedly (3) taking notes on the dialogue that contains code switching, and (4) classifying. The writer using descriptive qualitative method. The theoretical framework, drawing from Hoffman (1991) and Grosjean (1982), provides the types and the reasons of code switching. The results of the analysis showed four types of code switching with the most shown namely Establishing Continuity frequency 18 with 43,9 %, while the least is Inter-sentential Switches frequency 4 with 9,7%.

CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCHING USED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE WEB SERIES “LAYANGAN PUTUS”

This research was aimed at : (1) To find out the types of code mixing and code switching used in the Indonesian web series entitled “Layangan Putus” and (2) To find out the reasons of code mixing and code switching used in the Indonesian web series entitled “Layangan Putus”. This method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method, which describes and analyzes the utterances consisting of code mixing and code switching along with the reasons taken from “Layangan Putus” series. The technique of collecting data in this research used non-participant observation and documentation which are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences. To analyze the data, the researcher used qualitative data analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman. The result of this research showed that there were: 170 utterances of code mixing, 246 utterances of code switching, and 74 utterances of reasons used by the characters. Those 170 utterances of code mixing, it had 95 of insertion, 44 utterances of alternation, and 31 utterances of congruent lexicalization. Those 246 utterances of code switching, it had 17 utterances of tag-switching, 173 utterances of intra-sentential switching, and 56 utterances of inter-sentential switching. Those 74 utterances of the reasons, it had 34 utterances of talking about particular topic, 9 utterances of be emphatic about something, 8 utterances of interjection, 9 utterances of repetition used for clarification, and 14 utterances of intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor. Based on the result of this research, it can be concluded that insertion type in code mixing, intra-sentential type in code switching, and talking about particular topic were the most dominant used by the characters in “Layangan Putus” series. Keywords: Code Mixing, Code Switching, Descriptive Qualitative Research

Analyzing Code Switching Used as a Bridge of Misunderstanding in Classroom for Students at SMAN 1 Deli Tua

This research was directed to analyze (1) the types of code switching used in classroom during the English course (2) the reasons why teachers and students at SMA Negeri 1 DELI TUA using code switching in class and (3) the effect of code switching. The researcher adopted descriptive- qualitative method since the data dealt with words instead of numbers and applied Hoffman theory to analyze the problems. Technique for collecting data used by researcher was triangulations, those are observation, questionnaires, and interview. Intra sentential switching, Establishing continuity with previous speaker , and Emblematic got 22,22%, and each Inter sentential switching, Intra lexical and Involving a Change of Pronunciation are 11,11% percentages. There are several code switching occurred on the class and researcher placed based on the functions and they are 57,14% of Repetitive function, 28,57% of Interjection and the last is 14,28% for Quoting somebody else is found during the observation.

A Sociolinguistics Analysis of English Code-Switching in YouTube Podcast

This research examined the instances of code-switching based on the theory of Hammers and Blanc (2003) in Deddy Corbuzier's podcast content with Cinta Laura Keihl on his own YouTube channel. It focuses solely on Deddy Corbuzier's utterance. Consequently, there are two goals of this study. The first objective was to determine the type of code-switching, and the second was to determine the frequency of each type to determine which type of code-switching Deddy Corbuzier uses most frequently. Considering the research's data and objectives, the researcher employed the qualitative descriptive method to conduct this research. The data was deemed qualitative because it consisted of written and spoken words as opposed to numbers. And to analyze the data, the writer uses a sociolinguistics approach. Based on the data findings, Deddy Corbuzier performed code-switching at least 79 times in the collected data: 39 times (49.36%) for intra-sentential switching, 36 times (45.56%) for inter-sentential switching, and 4 times (5.06%) for tag-switching. Thus, it can be seen that intra-sentential switching is the type of code-switching that most often appears, which is 39 times, or 49.36%.

Code-switching in students’ group discussions in EFL classroom at a university level

Code-switching is an activity when a person switches their language in a speech. Some research have been conducted in the field of code switching, however, very little was done in looking both the types and the reasons of doing it in the group discussion context. This research focuses on exploring the types of code-switching used by the students in EFL classroom during group discussion and the reasons why the students used code-switching during group discussion in EFL classroom. The methodology used in this research was a descriptive qualitative. There were three participants in this research, two females and one male aged 21 to 24-year-old which was done in a private university of Yogyakarta. In collecting the data, the researcher used interview and follow-up questions. And the finding of this research found that there were three types of code-switching used by the EFL student, the first one is tag switching, inter-sentential switching, and the last one is intra-sentential switching. Furthermore there were three reasons why the participants used code-switching. The first one is feeling comfortable in using their mother tongue, lacking the target language proficiency, and the last one is holding the floor.

A Case Study on the Use of Humorous Code-Switching in Harith Iskander’ Stand-Up Comedy Shows

Code-switching is a phenomenon where bilingual and multilingual speakers use two or more languages. Code-switching is a common situation in Malaysia due to the diversified cultural communities. However, little that we know how code-switching influences stand-up comedy shows. Hence, this paper explores the use of code-switching in stand-up comedy shows. Specifically, this paper explores the humorous code-switching that a comedian uses, the different linguistic types of code-switching used, and the conversational functions of code-switching. Data from this case study was collected by observing the stand-up comedy show from YouTube videos by one of the best Malaysian comedians, Harith Iskander. A total of ten YouTube videos were chosen where Harith used humorous code-switching to make the audience laugh. The data were analysed according to the objectives of this study The analysis revealed three types of humour that aligned with superiority theory: self-deprecating humour, disparaging others, and sarcasm. We found that ad-lib humour and funny comments aligned with the theory of incongruity. The analysis also revealed one humour that aligns with the relief theory. This study used Poplack’s (2008) three types of code-switching, namely tag-switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching. Based on Gumperz's (1982), six conversational functions, four of which have been identified in Harith Iskander's stand-up comedy shows: quotation, reiteration, message qualification, and personification versus objectification. This also suggests that humorous code-switching is invaluable for stand-up comedians and the audience, particularly those who are bilingual or multilingual.

Code Switching Found in the Conversation between Bunga Citra Lestari and Daniel Mananta on “It’s Me BCL” YouTube Channel

This study concerned the types and reasons of code-switching on three videos between Bunga Citra Lestari and Daniel Mananta’s conversation. The data source were taken from Bunga Citra Lestari’s YouTube channel entitled “IT’S ME BCL”. The data analysis was conducted a descriptive qualitative method. This study showed 3 types of code switching that found in the findings by applying Poplack’s theory (1980) as cited in Romaine (1989). Those types included intra-sentential switching, tag switching, and inter-sentential switching. The most type of code switching that dominantly occurred in this study namely intra-sentential switching. Those were appeared along the conversation between Bunga Citra Lestari and Daniel Mananta which aimed to convey the motivations through words, clauses, and phrases that were comfortable to be conducted in the second language. Moreover, this study also focused on the reasons of code switching by applying the theory proposed by Hoffman (1991). Those reasons could be divided into talking about certain things, quoting somebody else, showing empathy, using interjection, repeating something, clarifying the speech, and expressing group identity. The most reason of code-switching that dominantly occurred between Bunga Citra Lestari and Daniel Mananta’s conversation was talking about certain things. Those were occurred during the role of Daniel Mananta who was being an interviewer was asking several questions to Bunga Citra Lestari who was being an interviewee that automatically built up their conversation.

Analysis of Code Switching in Basboi Song“Happy Birthday”

This study uses a qualitative descriptive method.This study aims to analyze the types and reasons for using code switching in the Basboi song entitled Happy Birthday. The data source for this study was taken from the lyrics of the happy birthday song by Basboi. In analyzing the types of code switching, researchers use the theory of Romaine, namely inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching and tagswitching. After doing the analysis, there are 2 types of code switching found in this study, namely inter-sentential switching of 2 data, and intra-sentential switching of 9 data. In this research, there was only one reason for using code switching which was found, namely repetition of 1 data.

Code-switching used by English teachers in teaching EFL students

This study aims to investigate: (1) the types of code-switching used by English teachers in teaching the classroom; and (2) the frequency of code-switching functions used by English teachers in teaching activities. According to Poplack’s theory, there are three types of code-switching: inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, and tag switching. In addition, there are also three functions of code-switching that will be found in classroom activities according to Sert’s theory: topic switch, affective function, and repetitive function. This study was conducted using a qualitative method with a case study approach. The participant in this study was an English teacher at one of the Islamic junior high schools in Ciamis. To determine the participant, the writer used the purposive sampling technique. Data collection in this study was carried out through observation and recording. The writer conducted observation twice, and then recording was used to analyze the data. The results show: (1). The teacher did all the types of code-switching according to Poplack’s theory in her teaching activities, namely, inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, and tag switching. (2). The code-switching function that was dominantly used by English teachers was the topic switch function, with 109 cases, or 82%, while the results of affective and repetitive functions were equal.

The Use of Code-Switching by The Speakers on Hima Lingua’s Webinar: Exploring Pedagogical and Affective Functions

Using more than one language in a sentence or discourse is called code-switching. Undeniably, it also occurs in the teaching and learning process in education. The latest era in education today is online learning, a system that can facilitate students learning more widely. Along with the growth of the online system, many kinds of platform offer learning tools, one of them is YouTube video-based platform. There are many educational-based videos on this platform. The researcher chose one of the video webinars uploaded by the student association channels. The purposes of this study were (1) To find out the types of code-switching in the webinar of Hima Lingua's YouTube video; (2) To explore the functions of code-switching in pedagogical and affective aspects in the webinar of Hima Lingua's YouTube video. The design of the study was content analysis. The research object was the video recording of the webinar uploaded to Hima Lingua's YouTube channel. In collecting the data, the author watched the video, transcribed it using Google docs, and then coded it using a software atlas—ti 9. The researcher used Ezzy's analysis model to analyze the data, which consists of transcription, condensation, identifying and grouping, and displaying the data. This study showed four types of code-switching, intra-sentential switching, inter-sentential switching, tag switching, and intra-word switching. Then, in pedagogical functions, the speaker mainly used code-switching for knowledge constructions. For affective functions, the speaker mostly used code-switching to maintain control. This study emphasizes the importance of using code language in the learning process as one of the ways to assist in more understanding, especially for classes that use two languages.

Code Switching Used by Cinta Laura in Daniel Mananta’s YouTube Channel

Code switching is a part of sociolinguistics phenomenon that shows alterations of languages in a conversation or between utterances. Individuals that perform code switching can be deemed bilinguals. This study conducted research based on an event in online video platform, YouTube, that involves Cinta Laura as one of the speakers. The aims of this study were to identify the types of code switching and to explain the reasons of code switching by Cinta Laura in Daniel Mananta’s YouTube channel. The study examined Cinta Laura's code switching on Daniel Mananta's YouTube channel. Three types of code switching were identified: intra-sentential (10 data) and inter-sentential (10 data) switching were most common and tag switching (4 data). Six reasons for code switching were found, with talking about a specific topic being the most frequent (9 data), followed by being emphatic (5 data), interjections (4 data), repetition for clarification (3 data), quoting someone else (2 data), and clarifying speech content (1 data). Expressing group identity through code switching was not observed in Cinta Laura's utterances.

Code-Switching English and Thai Used by Intensive English Program Primary School Students

This research study examines the types and functions of code-switching observed in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes among Thai students enrolled in an Intensive English Program Primary school. Through the use of video-recording and semi-structured interviews, a purposively selected group of seven fifth-grade students were analyzed. The findings reveal four types of code-switching: extra-sentential switching, tag switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching, Furthermore, six functions of code switching emerged: referential, expressive, directive, phatic, metalinguistic, and poetic (The latter not being present in this particular study). The study concludes that code-switching plays a pivotal role in fostering diverse and meaningful interactions within the classroom, serving various essential purposes.

Types of Code-switching among Young Adults with Bilingualism

The present study aimed to analyse and compare various forms of code-switching among adult male and female Tamil-English bilinguals. This research involved thirty bilingual (Tamil and English) adults between the ages of 18 and 25. Each participant was given an updated version of the cookie-theft picture and asked to describe it in Tamil. The various kinds of code-switching, such as tag switching, intra-sentential switching, and inter-sentential switching, were identified through the data analysis. Results indicated that language switching occurs more frequently between phrases and that female participants exhibit code-switching significantly higher than male participants, particularly in tag switching. The study findings can help linguists and speech-language pathologists understand the various types of code-switching employed by Tamil-English bilinguals. However, a larger population needs to be studied for further investigation.