Intersection Of Race Research Articles

Racial Differences in Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Initiation in a Carceral Setting.

The opioid overdose crisis significantly affects marginalized communities, with people of color experiencing higher rates of overdose and barriers to treatment. The syndemic of opioid use disorder and mass incarceration exacerbates racial health disparities. Some carceral facilities offer medication for addiction treatment, though no significant research explores differences in type of treatment uptake by race in these settings. This study focuses on the racial differences in medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) preferences among incarcerated individuals. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections (RIDOC), examining MOUD-type preferences (buprenorphine or methadone) among incarcerated individuals. The study utilized RIDOC electronic medical records from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022, involving 3533 unique incarceration events. Participants were categorized by race (White vs non-White) and MOUD status (new initiation vs community continuation), with logistic regression models. The study found no direct racial disparity in preferences for MOUD type. However, an interaction between race and MOUD initiation status significantly influenced MOUD-type preference. Among those initiating MOUD during incarceration, non-White individuals were more likely to choose buprenorphine compared to their White counterparts. This research provides new insights into the intersection of race, incarceration, and MOUD preferences. While direct racial disparities in MOUD type were not observed, the analysis uncovered a notable interaction effect: race influences the relationship between MOUD initiation status and the selected MOUD treatment during incarceration. Specifically, data demonstrate that the likelihood of choosing buprenorphine varies significantly based on both racial background and whether the treatment was initiated during incarceration or in the community. Further research is needed in different geographic settings to understand the broader implications to help guide equitable healthcare delivery in jails and prisons.

I’m Still Nigerian: Navigating Race Through Digital Literacies

Literacy scholarship captures immigrant youth of color ethnoracial identity constructions through their digital literacy practices. Still, few studies examine how immigrant youth of African origin use digital literacy to navigate ethnoracial tensions and craft racialized identities. Drawing on raciolinguistic and postcolonial theory, this study extends and nuances existing scholarship by examining the digital literacy practices and ethnoracial identity formations of a 13-year-old Nigerian girl who migrated to the United States. Positioning my analysis within the intersection of race, language, and identity, I inquire: How does Isioma leverage digital literacies to navigate U.S. racialization and negotiate U.S. racial identity categories? Furthermore, how does Isioma employ digital literacies to construct and negotiate her ethnoracial identities? I employ a narrative analysis of home observations, semistructured interviews, and literacy artifacts. Findings illustrate how digital tools disrupt raciolinguistic perspectives against minoritized languages. Digital literacies also enable the preservation of ethnic identities and languages while influencing racialized and hybrid identity formation and narration in the physical world.

Unruly Boys and Unemancipated Girls: Football Integration and Gendered Imaginaries of Difference

Sport–and particularly football–is commonly seen as a technology for targeting “at-risk” populations and cultivating happy multicultural communities. Using discourse theoretical analysis, this study explores the intersection of race and gender in the public relations materials for the annual Integration Prize awarded by the German Football Association (DFB) and Mercedes-Benz. In the prize texts, the national sport transcends difference to transform racialized populations, symbolizing the virtues of the national ethos. The prize narratives involve the transformation of disaffected and thus risky populations into happy, liberated, and productive multicultural assets to the national project. The overarching pedagogy focuses on self-discipline, social competency, and hard work. However, they diverge on crucial points across gender. The corpus singles out boys for deviant behaviors like aggression and criminality. Meanwhile, it targets girls for liberation from traditional patriarchal cultures that presumably dominate Muslim communities. Analysis shows that football integration discourse ignores both structural inequality–economic and ethnic–and the patriarchal gender norms that suffuse majority German football culture.

Prevalence of alcohol use disorders documented in electronic health records in primary care across intersections of race or ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status

BackgroundDiagnosis of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in primary care is critical for increasing access to alcohol treatment. However, AUD is underdiagnosed and may be inequitably diagnosed due to societal structures that determine access to resources (e.g., structural racism that limits opportunities for some groups and influences interpersonal interactions in and beyond health care). This study described patterns of provider-documented AUD in primary care across intersections of race, ethnicity, sex, and community-level socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsThis cross-sectional study used EHR data from a regional healthcare system with 35 primary care clinics that included adult patients who completed alcohol screenings between 3/1/2015 and 9/30/2020. The prevalence of provider-documented AUD in primary care based on International Classification of Diseases-9 (ICD-9) and ICD-10 diagnoses was compared across intersections of race, ethnicity, sex, and community-level SES.ResultsAmong 439,375 patients, 6.6% were Latine, 11.0% Asian, 5.4% Black, 1.3% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI), 1.5% American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), and 74.2% White, and 58.3% women. The overall prevalence of provider-documented AUD was 1.0% and varied across intersecting identities. Among women, the prevalence was highest for AI/AN women with middle SES, 1.5% (95% CI 1.0–2.3), and lowest for Asian women with middle SES, 0.1% (95% CI 0.1–0.2). Among men, the prevalence was highest for AI/AN men with high and middle SES, 2.0% (95% CI 1.1–3.4) and 2.0% (95% CI 1.2–3.2), respectively, and lowest for Asian men with high SES, 0.5% (95% CI 0.3–0.7). Black and Latine patients tended to have a lower prevalence of AUD than White patients, across all intersections of sex and SES except for Black women with high SES. There were no consistent patterns of the prevalence of AUD diagnosis that emerged across SES.ConclusionThe prevalence of provider-documented AUD in primary care was highest in AI/AN men and women and lowest in Asian men and women. Findings of lower prevalence of provider-documented AUD in Black and Hispanic than White patients across most intersections of sex and SES differed from prior studies. Findings may suggest that differences in access to resources, which vary in effects across these identity characteristics and lived experiences, influence the diagnosis of AUD in clinical care.

Enhancing the Integration of Race and Health Discussion in Physician Assistant Curriculum.

This article offers a unique perspective on integrating historical and contemporary issues of racism and public health within physician assistant (PA) education, specifically through the lens of personal experience as a public health data analyst during the COVID-19 pandemic. By highlighting the intersection of race, health equity, and education, this article underscores the need for PA programs to incorporate and enhance comprehensive training on the structural determinants of health and the impact of systemic racism on patient care.

“A Future for White Children”: Examining Family Ideologies of White Extremist Groups at the Intersection of Race and Gender

Many White Americans believe that racism, racial violence, and hate groups are relics of the past, and yet we have witnessed the resurgence of White extremist groups and overt racism in recent years. This resurgence requires an examination of White extremist ideologies, particularly as they center traditional family values in justifying their extremism. In this study, we utilize a content analysis of the websites of six White extremist organizations to examine ideologies surrounding the family at the intersection of race and gender. Furthermore, we question why these ideologies take shape as they do and the potential implications of espousing family values with a rise in White extremism. Our study addresses the gender gap in existing White extremist research and highlights the need for an intersectional approach in understanding how ideologies differ between a White extremist group specifically for women and those under the leadership of men.

Negotiating Masculinity and Cultural Identity in Americanah: An Analysis of Hegemonic Norms in Nigerian Diaspora Literature

This article delves into the presentation of masculinity and cultural identity in diaspora literature, honing in on Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah. The study seeks to understand how cultural expectations and power dynamics contribute to the construction of masculinity within Nigerian diasporic communities, utilizing Connell's theory of hegemonic masculinity. Furthermore, it seeks to examine the impact of cultural fusion on the development of masculinity and cultural identity in male main characters in the chosen novel and to investigate how the intersections of race, gender, and immigrant background converge to influence the formation of masculinity in Americanah. Through a thorough examination of the male characters, the research delves into their engagements with dominant norms while striving to establish their sense of self and connection. The primary discoveries underscore the complex interplay among race, gender, and the immigrant background in moulding not only personal but also communal identities. The investigation pinpoints occurrences of defiance and rebellion against the prevailing masculine norms, while also exploring the potential for cultural amalgamation to redefine conventional ideas of masculinity. This scholarly inquiry enriches the comprehension of the intricate dynamics surrounding masculinity and cultural identification, providing valuable perspectives on the nuances of diasporic encounters and their influence on identity formation within diasporic literary works. In addition, this learned analysis creates opportunities for more inquiries into the relationships among sex, ethnicity, and individuality in contemporary literature, ultimately propelling the awareness of different plots within migrant communities.

Exploring community- and systemic-level gender-based violence in visible minority women across five countries from an intersectionality lens: protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review.

The intersection of sexism with racism and xenophobia disproportionately exposes visible minority women to gender-based violence (GBV) at the community and systemic levels. This study aims to understand the knowledge strengths and gaps on GBV against visible minority women with an intersectional lens, revealing systemic barriers to accessing support and how these barriers intensify GBV and its effects. It will also identify effective and ineffective policies and practices in the literature to develop strategies addressing the root causes of GBV and supporting survivors. We will conduct a mixed-methods systematic review using a convergent integrated approach to examine current literature on community- and systemic-level GBV against visible minority women. We will follow Joanna Briggs Institute's guidelines to converge data from both qualitative and quantitative studies to obtain an integrated qualitative synthesis on GBV in five countries: Canada, the USA, the UK, Australia and New Zealand. This analysis will be conducted following Thomas and Harden's thematic synthesis guidelines. Community members with lived experience of GBV will actively contribute to improving the relevance and interpretation of results, following a community-engaged research approach. Themes are expected to unveil various aspects of community- and systemic-level GBV due to the intersection of racism, xenophobia and sexism, alongside barriers in addressing GBV and research gaps. Since this study does not involve primary data collection or the use of identifiable human data, no ethical approval will be needed. Results will be disseminated through integrated knowledge translation, involving collaboration with participants who have lived experience of GBV. The findings will be used to identify specific areas of policy intervention, including adopting culturally sensitive approaches, improving school and workplace policies and promoting rights of visible minority women.

Unveiling the Mask of Asia: Representation of Western and Eastern Values in Crazy Rich Asians

The release of the film Crazy Rich Asians in 2018 caused a sensation. Its all Asian cast and commercial success are extolled as a breakthrough for Asian American cinema. The author attempts to explore how the film presents the Western and Eastern values and cultures by applying Representation theory, constructed in the intersectionality of gender, race and class. The author finds the film’s release is probably the byproduct of the Feminist Movements and the Civil Rights Movement and that the representation on Eastern values is stereotyped by Western-centered ideas, thus Asian American still have a long road before they can effect a change.

Doing the Inner and Outer Work: Culturally Responsive Practices in Gender-Affirming Voice Care

Purpose: This article aims to raise clinical awareness of (a) the barriers and forms of oppression that transgender and gender-expansive (TGE) people face, (b) the ways in which discrimination can subconsciously be enacted by practitioners and institutions, and (c) to provide actionable steps for providing gender-affirming voice care (GAVC) services. Method: This article draws on empirical evidence of inequitable access/barriers to resources and the heightened risk to well-being for TGE people, as well as the theoretical foundations from the field of psychology that lead to culturally responsive care of the voice. It clarifies and expands the tenets of gender-affirming practice and trauma-informed care and identifies action steps for practical application in this specialized area of voice. It highlights the need for greater self-reflection and ongoing education when providing GAVC services, particularly as it relates to the practitioner's understanding of the intersections of racism, transphobia, neurodivergence, and disability justice. Conclusions: In addition to having strong voice skills, practitioners who are lifelong learners, remain pliable to learning new ideas, and have a strong and sincere desire to provide GAVC are needed to work with this population. Those providing GAVC are recommended to first deepen their self-reflection skills and understanding of their own identities, as well as acquire a humble understanding of the 2SLGBTQIA+ community, especially in terms of the intersections of race and gender expression. The authors recommend personal and professional work through a justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI) journey. This includes increasing one's counseling skills in order to provide tailored support that is specific to the client's needs. This article aims to provide a concrete entryway for the practice of gender-affirming care as it applies to the voice, while acknowledging that maintaining ethical gender-affirming practices requires a lifelong commitment to continuing education.

Crossroads of Care: A Black Social Worker’s Insights into the Lives of Black Men from Adolescence to Adulthood

ABSTRACT This autoethnographic study, “Crossroads of Care: A Black Social Worker’s Insights into the Lives of Black Men from Adolescence to Adulthood,” explores the intersections of race, education, and mental health throughout the life course of Black men. Drawing on varied professional and personal experiences – from providing telehealth services for college students to being a resource within a predominantly Black high school – the research illuminates systemic barriers and profound effects of marginalization and isolation. Emphasizing evidence-based social work interventions and culturally relevant care, the study underscores the importance of narrative therapy and self-disclosure in addressing Black men’s multifaceted needs. The findings contribute to discussions on racial equity in mental health and education, offering actionable recommendations for practitioners, policymakers, and educators to strengthen support systems. Advocating for a comprehensive care model, this research endeavors to empower Black men across various life milestones, enhancing well-being by addressing the complexities of race, education, and mental health.

2024 NCSA Presidential Address: Back to the Future: The Past and Potential Future Impacts of Natural Disasters

ABSTRACT The 2024 NCSA Presidential Address discusses the past and potential future impacts of natural disasters, including COVID-19, on the American people. This NCSA conference talk is based on two edited volumes previously published by Lexington Books in 2021 and 2023. Relevant theories, such as critical demography and historical categorical inequality, are introduced as starting points in the narrative. Next, descriptions of contributions to the volumes are provided, which covered topics such as criminal justice, demographics, economics, history, political science, and sociology to show how effects of natural disasters vary by economic and social class in the United States. Contributors also discussed specific dynamics related to COVID-19, including media responses to COVID-19, differential impacts on the poor, specific impacts on college students through technology, and how the intersection of race, class, and gender matter for natural disaster research. This talk examines social and political mechanisms in disaster response and relief, and then offers potential solutions to the accelerating inequality in America.

Unveiling Tolstoy Through a Critical Race Theory Feminist Lens: A Social Constructivist Approach

This study re-examines the life and works of Leo Tolstoy, one of the most influential Russian writers, through the integrated lenses of Critical Race Theory (CRT) and feminist theory, employing a social constructivist approach. By analysing Tolstoy's significant works, including "War and Peace" and "Anna Karenina," this research explores how his narratives address the intersectionality of race, gender, and class. By critically examining characters such as Natasha Rostov, Anna Karenina, and various marginalised figures, the study uncovers Tolstoy's critique of his time's social constructs and power dynamics. This Analysis highlights Tolstoy's progressive empathy for the oppressed and the complexity of his portrayal of women and ethnic minorities. Furthermore, it discusses the contemporary relevance of his work in understanding and addressing ongoing social injustices. By situating Tolstoy's literary contributions within the frameworks of CRT and feminist theory, this research offers new insights into the enduring significance of his critique of systemic inequalities, emphasising the importance of intersectional perspectives in literary studies.

Meritocracy and material consequences at the intersection of race, class, and disability for pre-service PE teachers

Disproportionate rates of poverty among Black and Latine populations in the United States exemplify material consequences and ideological meritocracies of systemic racism. While education is often touted as a way to escape poverty, legacies of racism, classism, and ableism embedded within higher education and physical education teacher education (PETE) confront Black and Latine undergraduates directly, forcing them to navigate additional emotional and social barriers. We examined how Black and Latine pre-service physical education (PE) teachers enrolled in predominantly white institutions faced specific hurdles and/or barriers to teacher licensure along with material consequences of classism and ableism. We used qualitative visual inquiry, including narrative-based, semi-structured, and conversational interviews, and photo elicitation. We analyzed data deductively using intersectional Critical Race Theory. The first theme highlights a collective narrative of socioeconomic status’ bounding role in participants’ PETE stories, evidencing potential disruptions to successful teacher licensure. We then shift focus to share the stories of four Black and Latine pre-service PE teachers with learning disabilities. Participants highlighted a discourse of meritocracy, where academic accommodations were perceived as “advantages,” overlapping with institutional neoliberalism that ignores systemic oppression for poor and working-class pre-service PE teachers with and without learning disabilities. Participants’ narratives highlight systematic patterns of marginalization related directly to socioeconomic status and learning ability that PETE faculty and administrators are responsible for addressing.

Binge Drinking Disparities by Grade, Race and Ethnicity, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity.

Binge drinking disparities between sexual and gender minority (SGM) students and their heterosexual, cisgender peers are well-established. Data limitations have precluded understandings of whether the onset and progression of these disparities differ by grade. Additionally, little is known about whether and how SGM-related binge drinking varies across groups of students coincidingly defined by sexual orientation or gender identity (SOGI), race, and ethnicity. In the current study, we used a large, statewide sample of secondary school students in California to describe the prevalence of binge drinking among subgroups of adolescents at the intersections of grade, race and ethnicity, and SOGI. Data were from the 2017-2019 cycle of the California Healthy Kids Survey, one of the largest statewide cross-sectional surveys of secondary school students in the United States (n = 925 744). We described the grade-specific prevalence rates of past 30-day binge drinking by (1) grade level, (2) race and ethnicity, and (3) SOGI. Predicted probabilities estimated adjusted percentages of students' binge drinking by subgroups. SGM-related binge drinking differences were present early in secondary school. Several subgroups of SGM adolescents with minoritized racial and ethnic identities reported higher binge drinking rates relative to their same-grade, white, non-SGM peers. Prevention and intervention programs must consider developmentally- and culturally-informed strategies to most effectively promote health among minoritized students.

Stigma or Support? How Gender, Race, and Intersectionality Impact Perceptions of Exonerees

Little research has examined the gendered nature of wrongful convictions and how the intersectionality of gender and race impacts perceptions of exonerees and support for reintegration services. With two vignette experiments, we assess laypeople’s perceptions of female or male, Black or White exonerees (Study 1 and 2) who were wrongfully convicted due to official misconduct or a false confession (Study 2) in varying child-victim cases. When wrongfully convicted of a violent homicide (Study 1), White female exonerees were viewed less favorably than Black females and White males were viewed least favorably. However, in a no-crime Shaken Baby Syndrome case (Study 2), false confessors were viewed least favorably, but gender and race did not impact perceptions. We provide potential explanations for these findings and implications for exonerees’ reintegration experiences.

Living my Latin American influencer dream: How racism and nationality shape Latin American influencers within the US

This paper investigates the intersection of racism, nationality, and the global Latin American influencer dream. It examines the experiences of Latin American influencers in the United States, where pursuing commercial success intersects with cultural and economic aspirations. Additionally, it explores the role of content service organizations in shaping creator culture and the working experiences of Latin American influencers. Despite the global imagination, influencer economies largely remain national, constrained by socio-cultural, linguistic, and regional norms. Drawing from literature on influencer cultures, platform economies, and imaginaries, the study analyzes data from interviews with content service organization executives and influencers, alongside platform analytics and advertising campaigns. The findings elucidate how racial discourses shape and challenge creator cultures, highlighting barriers for Latin American influencers in the US. This research contributes to understanding the social dimensions of creator culture, revealing impediments faced by diasporic influencers.

Intersecting identities, diverging visions: Christian nationalism, race, gender, and prioritizing equality or liberty

ABSTRACT Liberal democracies hold in tension two socio-political values, liberty and equality, with the understanding that prioritizing one often means sacrificing the other. In the United States, views on which value to prioritize (and even how to define them) are shaped by the intersections of race, gender, and religion. We theorize Christian nationalism’s association with prioritizing equality or liberty is contingent on Americans’ racial and gender identities, and specifically, their status as majority- or minority-group members. Though Christian nationalism in general is associated with prioritizing liberty over equality, results reveal clear racial, gender, and race-gender divergence. Unlike non-Black Americans, Black Americans do not prioritize liberty as Christian nationalism increases, and women are less likely to do so than men. The most striking pattern, however, appears at the intersection of race and gender: unlike every other race-gender combination, Black women are more likely to prioritize equality over liberty as Christian nationalism increases.

Intersection of Gender, Race and Migration: Becoming Non-Western Other

Intersection of Gender, Race and Migration: Becoming Non-Western Other

Black Bottom and Paradise Valley: The Intersection of Race, Class, and Memory in Twentieth Century Detroit

The Black Bottom community of Detroit, Michigan became an ethnic hub for African American’s due to the Great Migration of the early twentieth century. This was a vibrant community composed of a heterogeneous population from various backgrounds and social classes, though faced with ongoing issues regarding sanitary and housing conditions due to entrenched racial segregation within the city. By 1936, the neighbourhood was split by middle class entrepreneurs who wished to raise the cultural prominence of the community’s entertainment district. This research analyzes the intra-class relations that caused the fracturing of two communities: Black Bottom and Paradise Valley. Moreover, this work refutes historical debates, which wish to concretely bind these entities as separate. Through an overview of Detroit’s history, the memory of the community is assessed effectively creating an intersectional analysis encompassing African American intra-class relations, culture, the fluidity of space, and collective memory.