Intersection Of Race Research Articles

Digital Diasporas and Gendered Narratives: A Transnational Feminist Exploration of Americanah

This article examines the interplay between digital diasporas and gendered narratives within Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah. It employs Chandra Talpade Mohanty’s transnational feminist framework to analyze the protagonist, Ifemelu’s, experiences across both physical and digital realms. The study highlights how digital platforms function as vital spaces for identity negotiation and community engagement, facilitating a complex dialogue between Ifemelu’s Nigerian heritage and her American experiences. By integrating theoretical insights from Mohanty, the analysis emphasizes the intersectionality of race, gender, and class, enriching our understanding of diasporic identity formation.

The Case for an Intersectional Approach to Trauma-Informed Practices in K–12 Schools for Black Girls

Abstract Black girls are the only group of girls across the United States disproportionally suspended from school. Studies have documented that disproportionality cannot be explained solely by greater misbehavior among students of color. Instead, discipline disparities are also informed by punitive/inequitable discipline policies and practices, less discussed has been the relationship between childhood adversity and school discipline outcomes at the intersection of race and gender. Examining this phenomenon is important and timely as schools are increasingly providing trauma-informed practices to support socioemotional learning. Yet doing so without data-driven practices rooted in an understanding of disproportionate adversity may render these practices insufficient for Black girls. Thus, this study asks, what types of childhood adversities do Black girls have the greatest risk of experiencing? Using 2016–2019 data from the National Survey of Children’s Health (N = 63,674), risk ratios and Pearson’s chi-square test of independence were performed to determine across-race and within-gender group differences by the type of childhood adversity. Analyses demonstrated that Black girls had a greater risk for six out of nine adversities compared with other girls of color and seven out of nine compared with White girls.

Psychotic white men and bipolar black women? Racialized and gendered implications of mental health terminology

This study investigates the intersection of race, gender, and criminality in the language surrounding mental health and illness. Applying computational methods of word embeddings to full text data from major American newspapers between 2000 and 2023, I show that the landscape of mental health is broadly racialized as black, challenging the notion of mental illness as a predominantly white phenomenon. Cultural ideas about mental illness are gendered such that women are medicalized and men are criminalized, yet certain terms blur the boundary between illness and criminality. I highlight how stereotypes embedded in mental health language perpetuate stigma around men's mental health and justify social control with notable implications for black men. I conclude with recommendations for the mental health movement by advocating for more inclusive discussions around men's mental health and revised person-centric language.

Racism in China's English Language Teaching Industry: English as a Race‐Making Technology

AbstractThis article argues that racism is pervasive in China's English language teaching (ELT) industry, yet it is often ignored. It presents that English language education in China should be understood historically in a way that recognizes English as a racializing technology. As a race‐making technology, English has continued making modern Chinese subjects while also posing a threat to Chineseness in the 21st century. This intertwining of race and the English language has translated into a massive ELT industry in China that reproduces whiteness, influencing hiring practices and preferences for White English teachers. Additionally, race intersects with gender, nationality, and class, leading to a highly racialized and gendered ELT industry, exemplified in discourses of “foreign experts” and “foreign trash” popular in China's context. The article concludes by asserting that the English language, as a race‐making technology, has structured the ELT industry, and discussing its implications for future research and practical changes to challenge intersectional racism in the industry.

Intersectional activism: Dutch-Turkish Muslim women “talking back” to securitization and Islamophobia

ABSTRACT This article investigates the efforts of influential Turkish Muslim civil society actors to amplify the voices of Muslim women in the Netherlands. Through interviews, the research uncovers the impacts of Islamophobia and securitization policies on the classification of Muslim women as either threats or victims. The study captures participants’ responses challenging intersectional discrimination based on gender, religion, and race, employing the notion of “talking back” as an analytical framework reflecting resistance. This includes criticisms of boundaries, discrimination, a lack of representation, and patriarchal practices. Participants engaged in talking-back practices by critiquing mainstream feminism’s homogenous approach, advocating for Muslim women’s rights through Islamic feminism, distinguishing culture from religion, and participating in local women’s organizations. The findings hold significant implications for integration, citizenship, security, and multiculturalism amidst rising Islamophobia. This research contributes to uncovering the voices of Dutch-Turkish Muslim women pushing back against marginalization at the intersection of racism, sexism, and discrimination.

Unveiling the Layers of Societal Oppression: A Critical Analysis of Toni Morrison’s “The Bluest Eye”

Toni Morrison's novel "The Bluest Eye" intricately delves into the intersections of race, gender, identity, and beauty within the African American community. By following characters such as Pecola Breedlove, Pauline Breedlove, and Cholly Breedlove, Morrison skillfully navigates the intricate web of societal norms and their profound influence on individual psyche and community dynamics. This research article offers a thorough analysis of Morrison's examination of internalized racism, sexism, and the pursuit of self-definition amid oppressive societal standards

Race and Religion in Everyday Life: Antisemitism, Islamophobia, and Christian Privilege Among Female Converts in the Netherlands

Abstract This article analyzes how the intersections of race and religion impact the experiences of women converting to Judaism, Christianity, or Islam in the Netherlands. It builds on the innovative historical and philosophical work by scholars who call attention to the intersections of race and religion. In ethnographic studies of female converts such entanglements of race and religion have primarily been noted in the case of white converts in Islam. However, research into race and racialization among Christian and Jewish female converts is rare, and a comparative approach even rarer. A bottom-up comparative approach, I argue, has the potential to critically examine not only the positions of religio-racialized minorities, but also the mechanisms of religious/racial hegemony at work in Western Europe. The article thus explores how becoming a religious minority impacts one’s sense of belonging to the nation and how processes of racialization, specifically antisemitism and Islamophobia, impact the conversion process.

Book Review –Black Immigrant Literacies: Intersections of Race, Language, and Culture in the Classroom by Patriann Smith, Ph.D. Teachers College Press, 2023, 164 pp., $39.95

Book Review –Black Immigrant Literacies: Intersections of Race, Language, and Culture in the Classroom by Patriann Smith, Ph.D. Teachers College Press, 2023, 164 pp., $39.95

School choice strategies at the intersections of disability, race, class, and geography

While parents of students with disabilities (SWD) select schools according to various factors, schools also choose students through different sorting mechanisms. Thus, parents of SWD may need to employ different strategies to enroll their child in their preferred school. We employed an intersectional approach for studying school choice, integrating ethnographic interviews and descriptive GIS to answer the following questions: (a) What strategies do parents of SWD utilize to secure placement in the school of their choice? and (b) How is the engagement with such strategies shaped by their social and geographical locations? We found that parents engaged in five strategies: Accepting an IEP Team’s school recommendations, securing placement through a sibling, testing into selective enrollments, changing IEP provisions, and engaging in due process. Moreover, these strategies were afforded and constrained by their intersecting social positions (i.e., race, class, and disability), their geographical locations, and the developmental school stage of their child (i.e., transitioning to kindergarten or high school).

Enhancing diversity, equity, and inclusion within agricultural higher education: Insights from Black faculty and administrators in agricultural colleges at United States land grant institutions

The experiences of Black faculty as leaders and administrators in the field of agriculture have not been widely studied nor reported. The goal of this research focused on Black faculty leaders' experiences in agriculture to gain firsthand insights regarding the enhancement of diversity, equity, and inclusion within agricultural higher education. The central research question guiding the study was: What are the experiences of Black faculty leaders at Colleges of Agriculture at Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs)? Counter-storytelling was used to explore the personal narratives of eight participants. These experiences fall within the tenets of Critical Race Theory. Three primary themes emerged: Navigating Leadership: Microaggressions in the Midst; Inequities: Is Everyone Really Equal; and Isolation: The Lone Ranger. Findings of this study hold valuable implications for practitioners, policymakers, and academic institutions seeking to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion within agricultural higher education. Recommendations for policy and practice include providing support for leadership mentoring and professional development, conducting robust research on the intersection of race, ethnicity, and gender for faculty of color, and establishing collaborative initiatives between academic institutions, industry partners, and community organizations to address historical disparities and stimulate interest in agriculture among Black communities.

Temporalities of emergency: the experiences of Indigenous women with traumatic brain injury from violence waiting for healthcare and service support in Australia

ABSTRACT Globally, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been recognised as a serious health issue not only because of the immediate impacts at the time the injury occurs but even more so due to the longstanding impacts. Even though TBI is a globally recognised condition, the research is disproportionately focused on its incidence in, and immediate and long-term effects on men. A growing body of research suggests that generally, women who experience family violence are at high risk of TBI and suffer its impacts in ways that reflect gendered differences in the patterns and frequency of violence. In Australia, the social and physical costs of TBI are multiplied for Indigenous women, whose experience of disability and access to healthcare lies at the intersection of gender and race in the historical context of settler colonialism. The present study addresses the need for research into the sociodemographic inequalities that affect access to culturally appropriate hospital care, timely response systems, and flexible, safe and engaged social services. This paper draws on data from interviews and focus groups with Indigenous women, hospital staff and community-based service providers and suggests potential pathways for further research in settler-colonial settings elsewhere in the world.

Book Review: Fatherhood and Masculinities: The Intersection of Care, Body, and Race, By Catherine Gallais

Book Review: <i>Fatherhood and Masculinities: The Intersection of Care, Body, and Race</i>, By Catherine Gallais

Equity in oncology care: addressing disparities in cancer treatment in Georgia.

This research delves into the disparities in access to oncology care among cancer patients in Georgia, with a specific focus on the distinct challenges faced by African American (AA) individuals compared to non-African American (Non-AA) counterparts. Leveraging data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey and supplementary online resources, the study meticulously examines socioeconomic factors, including income, education, and insurance coverage, which significantly influence the quality of cancer care received. The analysis reveals substantial income gaps between AA and Non-AA patients, underscoring the critical implications for healthcare access. Moreover, AA patients exhibit lower rates of full insurance coverage for cancer-related treatments, posing additional barriers to comprehensive care. By investigating the intersections of race, income, and education, the research aims to pinpoint the root causes of these disparities and proposes evidence-based solutions to address the identified challenges. The ultimate objective is to contribute valuable insights that inform targeted policy recommendations and community-based interventions, fostering a more equitable landscape for oncology care in Georgia. This study seeks to amplify awareness and advocate for tangible measures, striving toward healthcare equity for all cancer patients, irrespective of their racial or socioeconomic backgrounds.

Differences in Cardiovascular Health at the Intersection of Race, Ethnicity, and Sexual Identity

An understanding of the intersectional effect of sexual identity, race, and ethnicity on disparities in cardiovascular health (CVH) has been limited. To evaluate differences in CVH at the intersection of race, ethnicity, and sexual identity using the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 measure. This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 27 to September 6, 2023, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007 to 2016. Participants were noninstitutionalized, nonpregnant adults (aged 18-59 years) without cardiovascular disease or stroke. Self-reported sexual identity, categorized as heterosexual or sexual minority (SM; lesbian, gay, bisexual, or "something else"), and self-reported race and ethnicity, categorized as non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, Black), Hispanic, non-Hispanic White (hereafter, White), and other (Asian, multiracial, or any other race and ethnicity). The primary outcome was overall CVH score, which is the unweighted mean of 8 CVH metrics, assessed from questionnaire, dietary, and physical examination data. Regression models stratified by sex, race, and ethnicity were developed for the overall CVH score and individual CVH metrics, adjusting for age, survey year, and socioeconomic status (SES) factors. The sample included 12 180 adults (mean [SD] age, 39.6 [11.7] years; 6147 [50.5%] male, 2464 [20.2%] Black, 3288 [27.0%] Hispanic, 5122 [42.1%] White, and 1306 [10.7%] other race and ethnicity). After adjusting for age, survey year, and SES, Black (β, -3.2; 95% CI, -5.8 to -0.6), Hispanic (β, -5.9; 95% CI, -10.3 to -1.5), and White (β, -3.3; 95% CI, -6.2 to -0.4) SM female adults had lower overall CVH scores compared with their heterosexual counterparts. There were no statistically significant differences for female adults of other race and ethnicity (β, -2.8; 95% CI, -9.3 to 3.7) and for SM male adults of any race and ethnicity compared with their heterosexual counterparts (Black: β, 2.2 [95% CI, -1.2 to 5.7]; Hispanic: β, -0.9 [95% CI, -6.3 to 4.6]; White: β, 1.5 [95% CI, -2.2 to 5.2]; other race and ethnicity: β, -2.2 [95% CI, -8.2 to 3.8]). In this cross-sectional study, CVH differed across race and ethnicity categories in SM females, suggesting that different communities within the larger SM population require tailored interventions to improve CVH. Longitudinal studies are needed to identify the causes of CVH disparities, particularly in Black and Hispanic SM females and inclusive of other racial and ethnic identities.

Liberating the Colonized Body and Mind

AbstractThe interstitial space at the intersection of race and disability is primed for a decolonial analysis. By examining the colonial history of Indigenous people and Black chattel slaves in North America, this paper will show how the contemporary definitions of race and disability are inherited social constructs created for the colonizer's utility to control the bodies and minds of those occupying and working the land the colonizer seeks to control for the private accumulation of imperial wealth. I will give examples of how socio‐cultural institutions like the church have inherited the logic of colonialism, creating ideologies of domination that must be challenged by a robust decolonial theology. Racism and ableism are the direct end product of a colonial view of the world that sees land and people as exploitable and expendable. A theology of liberation must grapple with the demands of decolonization to produce a just and equitable society.

Barriers to neurosurgery for medical students: a national study focused on the intersectionality of gender and race.

Despite 51.2% of medical school graduates being female, only 29.8% of neurosurgery residency applicants are female. Furthermore, only 12.6% of neurosurgery applicants identify as underrepresented in medicine (URM). Evaluating the entry barriers for female and URM students is crucial in promoting the equity and diversity of the neurosurgical workforce. The objective of this study was to evaluate barriers to neurosurgery for medical students while considering the interaction between gender and race. A Qualtrics survey was distributed widely to US medical students, assessing 14 factors of hesitancy toward neurosurgery. Likert scale responses, representing statement agreeability, converted to numeric values on a 7-point scale were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test and ANOVA comparisons with Bonferroni correction. Of 540 respondents, 68.7% were female and 22.6% were URM. There were 22.6% male non-URM, 7.4% male URM, 53.5% female non-URM, and 15.2% female URM respondents. The predominant reasons for hesitancy toward neurosurgery included work/life integration, length of training, competitiveness of residency position, and perceived malignancy of the field. Females were more hesitant toward neurosurgery due to maternity/paternity needs (p = 0.005), the absence of seeing people like them in the field (p < 0.001), and opportunities to pursue health equity work (p < 0.001). Females were more likely to have difficulties finding a mentor in neurosurgery who represented their identities (p = 0.017). URM students were more hesitant toward neurosurgery due to not seeing people like them in the field (p < 0.001). Subanalysis revealed that when students were stratified by both gender and URM status, there were more reasons for hesitancy toward neurosurgery that had significant differences between groups (male URM, male non-URM, female URM, and female non-URM students), suggesting the importance of intersectionality in this analysis. The authors highlight the implications of gender and racial diversity in the neurosurgical workforce on medical student interest and recruitment. Their findings suggest the importance of actively working to address these barriers, including 1) maternity/paternity policy reevaluation, standardization, and dissemination; and 2) actively providing resources for the creation of mentorship relationships for both women and URM students in an effort to create a workforce that aligns with the changing demographics of medical graduates to continue to improve diversity in neurosurgery.

The morality trap of decolonising development: a reply to ‘From dematerialising race to distorting decoloniality: development-as-imperialism and Hindu supremacy’ by Kalpana Wilson

Kalpana Wilson’s (2023) article highlights pivotal moves in discourses to decolonise development, focusing on how essentialist and racist readings of decoloniality circulate in development spaces and in Brahmanical Hindu supremacist discourse. Building upon Wilson’s insights, this reply delves into the body-politics of race where diversity in development is a decolonial and antiracist option that manifests in substituting ‘white saviours’ for brown ones, and where reassessments of capital and labour relations are conspicuously absented in reformulations of development. The concept of the ‘morality trap’ is central to this, capturing the dilemma faced by well-intentioned individuals working in development who are sensitive to charges of complicity and implication in development’s racism. By examining the intersections of race, power, and development practices, I aim to elucidate how essentialist interpretations of decoloniality perpetuate racial hierarchies, as evidenced in the emergence of ‘brown saviours’. Such analysis helps to identify not only the body-politics of racism in development but its particularities to the development industry.

Reclaiming space and memory: Black cowboys and the right to the city

AbstractThis article draws on ethnographic observations from a Black trail ride event in Houston to examine how African Americans negotiate identities and spaces through embodied memories and mobility. Movement and mobility have always influenced racialised belonging through the geopolitics of borders and boundaries, which are inextricably tied to collective meanings of “blackness.” Everyday negotiations of blackness require Black Americans to reckon with the historical and contemporary implications of limited mobility and their place in U.S. society. Engaging with Lefebvre's notion of “the right to the city,” this article reflects on how Black trail riders challenge dominant constructions of space and belonging through collective movement and memory. By analysing a specific ethnographic moment during the trail ride, when Black participants moved from a place bounded by property lines to the space of city streets, the article explores the intersections of race, geography, and mobility. It considers how embodied memories and public reclamations of the past by Black communities pose a threat to established spatial and racial hierarchies. The article contributes to theoretical discourses on geopolitics, borders, and boundaries by centering the experiences and agency of Black trail riders in reimagining and navigating racialised landscapes.

Dialoguing with developmentally appropriate practice (DAP): what does DAP mean for children with disabilities and inclusion?

ABSTRACT This paper employs critical discourse analysis to examine the conceptualisation of disability within Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and to investigate how DAP addresses the role of early childhood educators working with children with disabilities in inclusive classrooms. The research questions guiding this study are: 1) How is disability conceptualised within the DAP? 2) How does DAP address the role of educators when working with children with disabilities in the context of inclusion? Using different models of disability and DisCrit as the theoretical lens, the study reveals that disability within DAP is associated with implicit bias, diversity, and a paradigm of fixing. The role of educators unfolds through themes such as reflecting on one's bias, creating inclusive environments by focusing on strengths and Universal Design (UD) and implementing screening processes. The findings shed light on the conflicting discourse of disability embedded in DAP, emphasising the need for educators to critically examine the notions of normalcy and the intersection of racism and ableism in the context of early childhood inclusion.

A fairy tale with an unhappy ending: the organizational regulation of “Latina accountant identity” in Spain

PurposeIdentity regulation is part of a management control package. Organizations regulate employees’ self-identity to influence their behaviors. The success of this regulation depends on its trade-off with employees’ work identities and personalities. Organizational discourse nurtures this dynamic and interactive process. We focus on the regulation of an (undesired) organizational identity that is born at the intersection of race/ethnicity, gender, sex and migrant discrimination in accounting-related positions. We aim to analyze how Latina accountants who migrate to Spain perceive that their triple status as Latina, women and migrants affects their careers as accountants and interpret whether this triple intersectional discrimination aims to create a Latina accountant’s self-identity.Design/methodology/approachThis critical study follows a phenomenological approach to analyze the experiences of women born in Latin America who migrated to Spain to occupy accounting-related positions. A thematic analysis of their semi-structured interviews allowed us to examine the challenges faced by Latina accountants in their accounting careers in Spain.FindingsOur interviewees' narratives display an internalization of, even resignation to, a self-identity that we label “Latina accountant identity.” This identity is based on explicit discrimination discourses that cause them to suffer from the intersection of racism, sexism and migrant conditions and is nurtured by the discourses of their senior managers, co-workers and subordinates.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to frame the regulation of an intersectional discriminatory identity that is used to control Latina accountants from the inside, acting on the triple condition of Latinas, women and foreigners, influencing their self-perceptions regarding work and personal lives.