Ideal Product Research Articles

Improved quality control of allergen products: Assessing the molecular allergen composition by mass spectrometry.

Natural allergen sources contain a variety of allergens, against which allergic subjects have developed individual sensitization profiles. Ideal allergen products for skin prick testing (SPT) and allergen immunotherapy (AIT) should contain the complete set of allergens of the respective allergen sources to cover all sensitization profiles. However, commercially available allergen products were shown to vary regarding their allergen composition. The qualitative allergen composition of different SPT and AIT products produced from pollen of grasses, birch, mugwort and from house dust mites was assessed by a consistent high-resolution liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS). All major, mid-tier and most minor allergens were detected in each of the investigated three batches of SPT and AIT products, demonstrating the completeness of the allergen composition and a high degree of batch-to-batch consistency. This is the first study using a single consistent high-resolution LC-MS/MS method to provide solid data on the qualitative allergen composition of SPT and AIT products manufactured from various common allergen sources. The applied method showed high reliability in qualitative batch-to-batch consistency testing and can be performed fast and with high throughput. High-resolution LC-MS/MS is applicable for process development and quality control to ensure market availability of allergen products corresponding to the composition of the respective natural allergen sources.

Egorov ideals

We study Egorov ideals, that is ideals on ω for which the Egorov's theorem for ideal versions of pointwise and uniform convergences holds. We show that a non-pathological Σ20 ideal is Egorov if and only if it is countably generated. In particular, up to isomorphism, there are only three non-pathological Σ20 Egorov ideals. On the other hand, we construct 2ω pairwise non-isomorphic Borel Egorov ideals. Moreover, we characterize when a product of ideals is Egorov.

Relative Topological Principality and the Ideal Intersection Property for Groupoid C*-Algebras

Relative Topological Principality and the Ideal Intersection Property for Groupoid C*-Algebras

Development of Arthrospira platensis fortified spiced buttermilk

An incredible surge in demand for fermented dairy products has been experienced recently due to its nutraceutical benefits and lifestyle preferences. As a traditional fermented dairy beverage, cultured buttermilk is an ideal product choice in this context. This study introduces a novel cultured buttermilk fortified with the high protein microalgae Arthrospira platensis, making it beneficial and appealing due to its preferable mouthfeel and antioxidant characteristics. The goal of this study was to extensively evaluate and determine the optimum amount of Spirulina powder to be mixed into buttermilk, while also analyzing the alterations in the physicochemical and sensory properties of the resulting product. The pH, titratable acidity, DPPH inhibition activity, Phenolic content, and sensory properties of newly developed cultured buttermilk with varying concentrations of Spirulina 0.25, 0.45, 0.65, 0.85 and 1.5% were compared with that of the control buttermilk sample with no added Spirulina. Based on the findings derived from the conducted study, it has been concluded that the incorporation of 0.25% Spirulina, can potentially enhance the nutritional composition and functional health attributes of cultured buttermilk without affecting sensory score Keywords: Butter milk, fortification, Arthospira platensis, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, sensory evaluation

Regulating Ru-O Bond and Oxygen Vacancies of RuO2 by Ta Doping for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution in Acid Media.

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is considered an ideal green hydrogen production technology with promising application prospects. However, the development of efficient and stable acid electroanalytic oxygen electrocatalysts is still a challenging bottleneck. This progress is achieved by adopting a strategic approach with the introduction of the high valence metal Ta to regulate the electronic configuration of RuO2 by manipulating its local microenvironment to optimize the stability and activity of the electrocatalysts. The Ta-RuO2 catalysts are notable for their excellent electrocatalytic activity, as evidenced by an overpotential of only 202 mV at 10 mA cm-2, which significantly exceeds that of homemade RuO2 and commercial RuO2. Furthermore, the Ta-RuO2 catalyst exhibits exceptional stability with negligible potential reduction observed after 50 h of electrolysis. Theoretical calculations show that the asymmetric configuration of Ru-O-Ta breaks the thermodynamic activity limitations usually associated with adsorption evolution, weakening the energy barrier for the formation of the OOH* formation. The strategic approach presented in this study provides an important reference for the development of a stable active center for acid water splitting.

Considerando la adopción efectiva de sistemas agrícolas en el diseño de esquemas para la promoción en el cultivo de árboles, Costa Rica

[Introduction]: The current cultivation of trees is insufficient to cover the national demand for wood, in this way small producers become an alternative solution to this situation, since despite having small areas, in the country there are abundant farms with these conditions; However, the current forest management scheme does not meet adequate standards for the incorporation of these small producers. [Objective]: To present an adaptive forest management scheme (AFMS) to the needs of the small farmer, in addition, to demonstrate the institutional availability to change according to expert criteria. [Methodology]: 1) the factors that influence the decision to adopt an agricultural or forestry production system were identified. 2) a profile of an ideal productive system that met the interests and preferences of the small producer was made, which was compared with the characteristics of agricultural and forestry production. 3) the proposal of an EMFA adjusted to the preferences and interest of the producer was made, which was also compared with the ideal profile. 4) three proposed change actions were presented to experts, obtaining different degrees of possibility of changes in the EMFA. [Results]: The discrepancy of the forest management scheme for the cultivation of trees with the perspective that a small producer has on an ideal production system was evidenced, as well as the substantial improvement that an EMFA would have in the valuation of the small producer and the institutional availability to change the EMFA according to the perspective of the small producers. [Conclusions]: The adjustment of the forest management scheme allows a greater adoption of the activity by the small producer, but it was recognized that any proposal that is made would be successful only if forest governance makes it more flexible and allows change.

Sensory profile of cream cheese and plant‐based analogues: an approach through flash‐profile, CATA and RATA tests

SummaryThe distinct techno‐functional and sensory attributes conferred by milk proteins and fat are fundamental in defining the structure, texture and flavour of dairy products. Thus, reproducing cheese‐like characteristics in plant‐based alternatives while ensuring consumer acceptance is a major challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the sensory profile of commercial cream cheese and plant‐based analogues, quantifying consumer perception and discrimination, and correlating with instrumental texture analysis. For that, two milk‐based (MB1 and MB2) and three plant‐based products (PB1, PB2 and PB3) were evaluated for their proximate composition, texture profile (spreadability and firmness) and sensory properties by combining Flash Profile method (n = 13), Check‐All‐That‐Apply (CATA) test, and Rate‐all‐that‐apply (RATA) test (n = 102) with global acceptance. Milk‐based cream cheeses (MB1 and MB2) did not differ significantly from each other and presented greater spreadability when compared to all plant‐based cream cheeses (PB1, PB2 and PB3). The texture parameters of the samples were inversely related: the greater the firmness, the lower the spreadability. All forty‐two sensory attributes allowed discrimination of the samples into three distinct clusters, with no difference between the milk‐based products. The results of the CATA test showed that the attributes most correlated with the sample MB1 were the most desirable for good acceptance of the product. In turn, PB3 showed lower acceptance scores when compared to the plant‐based samples PB1 and PB2, and the attributes rancid flavour, vegetable oil aroma and nut aroma mostly contributed to the lower acceptance of PB3. Milk‐based products were very close to the ideal product, presenting a creamy and spreadable texture as key attributes for product characterisation and acceptance. The results of RATA test showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the intensity of nineteen sensory attributes. Milk‐based cream cheeses were more accepted than their plant‐based counterparts. The instrumental assessments of firmness and spreadability exhibited a negative correlation, once they were inversely proportional and strongly correlated to sensory data of firm and spreadable texture, respectively. The sensory characteristics of cream cheese analogues may present a barrier to their acceptance by consumers. Attributes such as coconut and flour flavour, artificial cheese aroma and flavour, and spreadable texture played a key role in differentiating dairy products from plant‐based ones, contributing to the lower acceptance of the latter.

PSIX-3 Dental stick extrusion utilizing spray dried plasma

Abstract Dental stick extrusion utilizes various ingredients to form the ideal texture and quality product. Alternative ingredients to enhance or impact texture, palatability and/or plaque removal can be useful to improve dental stick manufacturing. Spray dried plasma (SDP) is a consistent high protein ingredient commonly utilized in pet food for functional texture properties, enhancing palatability, and supporting overall health. Thus, the study objective was to evaluate how SDP inclusion with other ingredients impacts texture of extruded dental formulas. Three formulas were developed utilizing SDP to replace wheat starch (WS) or Arabic gum in the control formula. The formulas were: Control: WS and gum; SDP1: SDP and WS replacing gum; and SDP2: SDP replacing WS and gum. Dental sticks were made at the Extru-Tech technology testing center using a 525 single screw extruder with the product densification unit (PDU) removed and replaced with a mid-barrel valve and 3 cooling heads to cause densification. The sticks were manufactured as solid square sticks. Generally, a single screw with a PDU, or a traditional parallel-shaft twin screw is used to manufacture dental sticks. However, the equipment alterations used worked like a single screw with a PDU; thus, it would be expected that the results would translate to a traditional single screw configuration. Glycerin at 12% (% to dry feed rate) and chicken fat were added to the pre-conditioner at set rates to optimize expansion and product quality. Processing conditions were monitored and adjusted on the various formulations during production to optimize extrusion. Texture was measured on a TA.XT Plus utilizing an adjustable bridge with a rounded-end knife probe for a 3-point bend. Dental sticks of 8 cm in length were placed over the two bridge spans spaced 5 cm apart to measure maximum force (hardness) and work to peak force (work to break) to determine texture parameters. Ten dental sticks per treatment were analyzed. All formulas utilizing SDP were successful in producing dental sticks. No differences (P > 0.05) were noted in force with SDP formulas compared with control. Work to peak was greater (P < 0.05) in SDP formulas compared with control formula. Formulation matrix impacts results. In the current formulas, both Arabic gum and WS were altered in the formulas and depending on amount of SDP used similar texture was noted. In conclusion, SDP can be incorporated into dental stick formulas and utilized as a processing aide. Overall, depending on target hardness and ingredient matrix, SDP can be an alternative to various ingredients to maintain or improve product quality.

Photothermal Catalytic Removal of 1,2-DCE with High HCl Selectivity over the Brønsted Acid-Enriched Sulfur-Doped MOFs.

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds come from a wide range of sources and are highly toxic, posing a serious threat to biological health and the environment. Herein, a high-efficiency and energy-saving photothermal synergistic catalytic oxidation method was developed for the removal of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE). Compared to traditional thermocatalysis, the 1,2-DCE conversion over Ru-U6S in photothermal synergistic catalysis at 340 °C increased by approximately 44% not only reducing energy consumption but also avoiding the instability of MOF structure caused by high reaction temperature. The excellent photothermal catalytic oxidation activity was derived from the synergistic effect of photo- and thermocatalysis. Ru-U6S demonstrated excellent 1,2-DCE adsorption capacity and stronger light utilization and could produce more reactive oxygen species (•OH and •O2-) after light illumination, which participated in the oxidation reaction, promoting the release of the active site of the catalyst. The results of H2O-TPD and NH3-DRIFTS exhibited that the use of S-containing ligands in the synthesis process increased the hydroxyl groups and Brønsted acid sites, significantly improved the selectivity of CO2 and HCl in the oxidation process, and reduced the release of chlorine-containing byproducts. This work provides a high-efficiency and energy-saving strategy for removing chlorinated volatile organic compounds and increasing the selectivity of ideal products directly with MOFs directly.

Discussion on the production mechanism of deep coalbed methane in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin

This study builds upon the research progress in the theories of CBM desorption, diffusion, and seepage flow to explore the production mechanisms of deep coalbed methane (CBM) in the Daing-Jixian block, aiming to achieve scientific and reasonable control of gas wells. Theoretical analysis suggests that CBM adsorption belongs to liquid–solid interfacial adsorption, encompassing four stages: liquid phase adsorption—liquid phase desorption—composite desorption—gas phase desorption. Most of the desorbed gas is driven by a pressure differential in a Darcy's flow process. By calculating the Knudsen number (Kn) under various temperature, pressure, and fracture diameter conditions, the flow state can be identified. Whole-diameter CT scanning reveals a multi-scale pore-fracture system ranging from millimeters to micrometers to nanometers. Calculations show that during the gas well drainage and depressurization process, fractures of millimeter scale and larger exhibit Darcy's flow, while micron-scale fractures maintain Darcy's flow status above a reservoir pressure of 5 MPa; other scales primarily exhibit non-Darcy flow without significant macroscopic movement. In summary, starting from the fundamental mechanisms of the original multiscale tri-level pore-permeability system of the coal reservoir, through the post-fracturing transformation forming three diversion zones of high, medium, and low conductive regions, and transitioning from primarily free gas to desorbed gas in three production stages, an ideal comprehensive production model schematic for the study area has been established, providing theoretical support for on-site production management.

Validation of Optimization Methods for Sensory Characteristics Using Rate-All-That-Apply and Intensity Scales: A Case Study of Apple Juice.

Preference mapping (PM), which integrates consumer and descriptive analysis (DA) data to identify attributes that drive consumer liking, is widely employed for product optimization. However, a limited group of trained panelists cannot fully represent the diverse consumer population or reliably predict market acceptance. Consequently, numerous studies have explored consumer-based methodologies as potential replacements for DA; however, their efficacy for product optimization remains limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the potential of optimizing products using two consumer-based profiling techniques as alternatives to DA in external preference mapping (EPM). Overall, 8 trained panelists profiled 12 sensory attributes of 7 commercial apple juices, whereas 160 consumers assessed the same attributes using a 5-point rate-all-that-apply (RATA) scale and a 10 cm intensity scale (IS). Danzart's response surface ideal modeling was employed to identify optimal products using DA, RATA, and IS through barycenter calculations, focusing on three products from the original consumer test located around the group ideal point. Overall, the ideal products of the group and their sensory characteristics were successfully identified using DA, RATA, and IS. Regarding sensory intensities, high concordance was observed between DA and RATA (Rv = 0.92) and between DA and IS (Rv = 0.91). Overall liking and preference scores for products mixed at the optimal ratio for each method showed no significant differences in preference among the ideal products identified using DA, RATA, and IS. This study suggests that both RATA and IS are viable alternatives to DA in EPM for identifying ideal sensory profiles.

Research on the application of AHP-FAST-FBS in the design of home entrance disinfection devices in the post-pandemic era

With the outbreak and continued spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, people's demand for daily disinfection products has increased rapidly, and its innovative design has received widespread attention. In this context, this study aims to propose a design methodology for home entrance disinfection devices based on AHP-FAST-FBS. Firstly, the design requirements of the home entrance disinfection device were collected and analyzed through in-depth interviews and the KJ method, and a hierarchical model of design demand indicators was constructed. Secondly, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to quantify these design demand indicators, and core design demands for home entrance disinfection devices were identified by weight calculations. On this basis, the Functional Analysis System Technique (FAST) method was combined to rationally transform the design demands into product functional indicators, constructing a functional system model for the home entrance disinfection device through systematic decomposition and categorization. Lastly, based on the Function-Behavior-Structure (FBS) theoretical model, the mapping of each function of the product to its structure was realized, the product structure modules were determined, and the comprehensive design and output of the innovative design scheme for the home entrance disinfection device were completed. The results of this study indicate that the design methodology combining AHP-FAST-FBS can effectively improve the scientific rigor and effectiveness of the home entrance disinfection device design, thereby generating an ideal product design scheme. This study provides systematic theoretical guidance and practical reference for designers of subsequent related disinfection products and also offers a new path for improving social health and safety.

The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the flavor improvement of chicken broth by characterizing key taste and odor-active compounds

The flavor of chicken broth is composed of taste and odor, both of which are important indicators of edible quality. As a common meat processing technology, enzymatic hydrolysis appears as an effective way to improve the flavor of chicken broth. But up to now, the corresponding improvement mechanism has not been fully clarified. In this study, various chicken broth products were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of Papain (PAP), Flavourzyme (FLA) and Protamex (PRO). Then the samples with relatively better sensory performance including PAP-1.5-0.5, FLA-0.5-1.0, PRO-2.0-0.5 were selected and subjected to flavor compounds analysis. In terms of non-volatile taste-active compounds, glutamic acid (Glu) and 5′-guanosine monophosphate (5′-GMP) were the main taste contributors, their content and equivalent umami concentration (EUC) value were higher in PAP-1.5-0.5 and PRO-2.0-0.5. Regarding volatile odor-active compounds, (E, E)-2,4-decadienal with the highest variable importance (VIP) and odor activity value (OAV) was identified as the most critical odorant, and its content was higher in PRO-2.0-0.5 (41961.49 ± 507.78 μg/L) compared to other samples. Taking all factors into consideration, PRO-2.0-0.5 was regarded as the most ideal chicken broth product, which demonstrated the excellent improvement effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the flavor of chicken broth.

Evaluation of barley genotypes for drought adaptability: based on stress indices and comprehensive evaluation as criteria.

The prevalence of drought events worldwide emphasizes the importance of screening and cultivating drought-adapted crops. In this study, 206 germplasm resources were used as materials, dry weight as target trait, and two genotyping methods as criteria to evaluate drought adaptability at the seedling establishment stage. The results showed a significant decrease in average dry weight of the tested germplasm resources (from 746.90 mg to 285.40 mg) and rich variation in the responses of dry weight among each genotype to drought (CV=61.14%). In traditional evaluation method, drought resistance coefficient (DC), geometric mean productivity index (GMP), mean productivity index (MP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), and tolerance index (TOL) also exhibited diversity in tested genotypes (CV>30%). However, these indices showed varying degrees of explanation for dry weight under stress and non-stress environments and failed to differentiate drought adaptability among genotypes clearly. In new evaluation method, four stress indices were developed to quantify barley seedling production and stability capacities. Compared to traditional stress indices, the stress production index (SI) explained dry weight more comprehensively under stress conditions (R2 = 0.98), while the ideal production index (II) explained dry weight better under non-stress conditions (R2 = 0.89). Furthermore, the potential index (PI) and elasticity index (EI) eliminated disparities in traditional stress indices and comprehensively clarified the contribution of elasticity and potential to production capacity under drought stress. Ultimately, through grading evaluation and cluster analysis, the tested germplasm resources were effectively categorized, and 11 genotypes were identified as suitable for cultivation in arid areas. Overall, the comprehensive evaluation method based on the newly developed stress indices surpasses the traditional method in screening drought adaptability of crops and serves as a vital tool for identifying high-stability and high-production capacities genotypes in various environments, which is expected to provide practical guidance for barley planting and breeding in arid areas.

Cut-off points of adiposity indices associated with insulin resistance in Brazilian postpubertal adolescents

ObjectivesThis study aims to establish cut-off points for lipid accumulation product and tri-ponderal mass index to identify insulin resistance (IR) in Brazilian postpubertal adolescents. MethodsWe conducted an analysis of postpubertal adolescents enrolled in the national school-based cross-sectional study of cardiovascular risks in adolescents (ERICA-BRAZIL) from February 2013 to November 2014. IR was defined by homeostatic model assessment index for IR values ≥2.32 for girls and ≥2.87 for boys. The analysis involved calculating the area under receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity values, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios to determine reference values of indices with optimal performance. ResultsThe sample was comprised of 14 026 adolescents, with 25.3% (95% confidence intervals: 24.6%–26.1%) exhibiting IR, more prevalent among girls and overweight individuals. The ideal lipid accumulation product cut-off points associated with IR were 13.5 for the total population, 13.8 for male adolescents, and 13.5 for girls. Regarding tri-ponderal mass index, the optimal cut-off values for identifying IR were 14.1, 13.9, and 14.5 kg/m³ in the general sample, boys, and girls, respectively. ConclusionsThis study establishes cut-off points for adiposity indices, demonstrating their effectiveness in screening for IR in postpubertal Brazilian adolescents.

Effect of iron minerals on formation of hydroandradite during alkali-thermal process

The hydroandradite (HA) is an efficient and ideal desilication product to deal with the bauxite and red mud based on the alkali-thermal process, while the selection of iron source is crucial for the HA generation. This work investigates the effects of various natural iron minerals on the alkali-thermal formation HA in aluminate solution by comparing with synthetic sodium ferrate. The Gibbs free energy changes of HA formation with different iron oxides were calculated based on the complex silicate theory, and the preferential conversion order for HA formation was obtained thermodynamically. The solubility data of various iron minerals in aluminate solution were determined and correlated by the Apelblat model. The contribution order of iron minerals for HA formation was obtained, and the goethite is the best alternative to replace sodium ferrite by comparing to hematite and magnetite. The phase transformation of HA is above 80% in the presence of goethite, and the alkali content in reaction product is as low as 0.20%. Moreover, the effect mechanism of goethite on HA formation was discussed and established.

Locally cohomologically complete intersection ideals and cofiniteness

Let [Formula: see text] be a unitary commutative local Noetherian ring and [Formula: see text] be an ideal. The aim of this paper is twofold: In the first part of this paper, we consider locally cohomologically complete intersection ideals of pure height [Formula: see text]. Next, we deal with cofinite modules. In particular, we investigate conditions for cofiniteness of [Formula: see text] and conditions under which, the modules [Formula: see text] are of finite length for all [Formula: see text] and all finitely generated [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text].

Validity of A Sale and Purchase Agreement Via The Internet Reviewed From A Civil Law Perspective

This examination means to decide the legitimacy of deals and buy arrangements through the Web from a common regulation point of view. The sort of exploration utilized is standardizing juridical. The nature of this research is descriptive and qualitative. Document study methods derived from relevant literature studies on the issues discussed were used in the process of data collection. The exploration results show that the legitimacy of a deal and buy understanding through the web should have a similar legitimacy as a regular understanding as long as it very well may be demonstrated and meets the arrangements in Article 1320 of the Common Code. The reason for legitimacy happens if the two of them commonly concur and there is an expression of understanding between the purchaser and merchant in conveying in regards to the proposal of merchandise and the determination of the ideal products and both have concurred that there is an arrangement.

Insights into catalytic oxidation mechanism of toluene by lanthanum mangan-based perovskite in wet environment based on in-situ DRIFTS

This paper investigated that the catalytic activity and CO2 selectivity of LaMnO3, La0.9Ca0.1MnO3 and 3-La0.9Ca0.1MnO3 catalysts with different oxygen vacancy concentrations were compared under wet and dry conditions. The 3-La0.9Ca0.1MnO3 catalysts had excellent water resistance. The presence of H2O had less effect on toluene conversion than on CO2 selectivity. In wet environment, the 3-La0.9Ca0.1MnO3 catalyst achieved 90 % toluene conversion at 173 °C, but less than 20 % selectivity for CO2 at this time, and reached 90 % selectivity for CO2 at 220 °C. The effect of H2O on the catalytic oxidation mechanism of toluene was analyzed by in-situ DRIFTS analysis. The presence of H2O could promote the decomposition of toluene into intermediates of benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde and maleic anhydride at low temperature (50 °C), but the intermediates were difficult to decompose into CO2 and H2O. It was suggested that surface hydroxyl group could promote the transformation of toluene to intermediate at low temperature, and suitable oxygen vacancies and surface hydroxyl group could jointly promote the transformation of toluene to ideal product. This work provided a theoretical basis for the design of water-resistant catalysts in industry.

Large Pólya groups in simplest cubic fields and consecutive bi-quadratic fields

The Pólya group of an algebraic number field is the subgroup generated by the ideal classes of the products of prime ideals of equal norm inside the ideal class group. Inspired by a recent work on consecutive quadratic fields with large class numbers by Cherubini et al., we extend the notion of consecutiveness of number fields to certain parametric families of cyclic cubic fields and bi-quadratic fields and address the question of the existence of infinitely many such consecutive fields with large Pólya groups. This extends a recent result of the second author and Saikia for totally real bi-quadratic fields.