Interpretive Strategies Research Articles

Проблема согласования критериев действенности суждений в жанре политического интервью

The purpose of the study is to prove that the coordination of criteria for the effectiveness of judgments put forward in the genre of political interview is observed not only between the journalist and the respondent («in the first frame»), but also between the actual participants of the conversation and the target audience («in the second frame»). It is proved that the interviewer and the respondent postulate and ratify the criteria for the effectiveness of the initiated points of view not only among themselves, but also for the third participant of the conversation – the audience, which is regarded as the most important arbiter, accepting or rejecting the propositional content of the dialogical replicas that construct the conversation. Based on Yu. Habermas’ theory of communicative action it is stated that due to the media specifics of the implementation of a political interview, the audience is not able to coordinate the status of the criteria for the truth of the judgments of the interviewer and the respondent directly «in the first frame». The public discuss these criteria among themselves or with other audiences. Taking into account the methods developed in the conversational analysis, the political interview is investigated as a discursive phenomenon with a dual status, namely as a process of publishing relevant information about the current situation by the interviewer and the respondent and the product of formation and decision-making about the situation in the country and the world by representatives of society. Impartial expression of opinions is carried out in a political interview not only based on a system of regulated exchange of remarks, but also as a result of contextual production and interpretation of linguistic phenomena that implement explicit and implicit semantics. It is indicated that the differentiation between surface language forms and deep semantic content, explicit meanings and implicit meanings is relevant. The necessity of using pragmatic principles for the analysis of media discourse based on such concepts as implicatures of meaning, communicative intentionality is substantiated. The ratification of the effectiveness criteria approved for judgments in the context of a political interview is carried out taking into account the communicative strategies of production and interpretation of semantic content.

Проблема синкретизма жанров новостных и репортажных текстов

In the format of this study – based on the material of publications from the weekly magazine «Expert» – the functional similarity of the news and reportage genres is recorded and analyzed. When analyzing news and reportage texts, the following aspects are taken into account: (1) the journalist’s illocutionary purpose; (2) the specifics of the text production and interpretation, as well as the author and addressee’s social roles; (3) rhetorical architectonics and text composition; (4) genre typology of texts; (5) text interpretation strategies used by the addressee. The collected body of factual material was divided into two groups of texts. The basis for the differentiation of texts was such a parameter as the dominant / peripheral coverage of facts of a news nature. It is established that the texts of the first group show the characteristics of the news or reportage genre, the aspect of news coverage of the actual fact is explicitly present (the history of the formation of the fact on the time axis, its dynamic or static nature, the reactions of representatives of various social organizations or political parties to this fact, the consequences of the actual event are traced). It is noted that reports reflecting a point of view on a fact or psychological reports are generated regardless of the facts that are relevant for coverage at the moment: the first type of texts is formed on the basis of data from interviews with experts in the covered issues, the second type – with famous personalities belonging to the creative workshop. The last position in this group of texts is occupied by reports covering the actual fact, which are often difficult to distinguish from news texts. These texts were attributed to the genre of reportage on the grounds that they do not contain an impartial narrative about the facts that have just happened, but the publication of information that has previously been analyzed and structured by the journalist. The second group is formed by texts that belong to genres that reflect a more universal theme, and therefore are less related to the coverage of actual facts of everyday reality. It is concluded that the reportage-news continuum is also preserved in these texts.

Causal illusion in the core of pseudoscientific beliefs: The role of information interpretation and search strategies.

The prevalence of pseudoscientific beliefs in our societies negatively influences relevant areas such as health or education. Causal illusions have been proposed as a possible cognitive basis for the development of such beliefs. The aim of our study was to further investigate the specific nature of the association between causal illusion and endorsement of pseudoscientific beliefs through an active contingency detection task. In this task, volunteers are given the opportunity to manipulate the presence or absence of a potential cause in order to explore its possible influence over the outcome. Responses provided are assumed to reflect both the participants’ information interpretation strategies as well as their information search strategies. Following a previous study investigating the association between causal illusion and the presence of paranormal beliefs, we expected that the association between causal illusion and pseudoscientific beliefs would disappear when controlling for the information search strategy (i.e., the proportion of trials in which the participants decided to present the potential cause). Volunteers with higher pseudoscientific beliefs also developed stronger causal illusions in active contingency detection tasks. This association appeared irrespective of the participants with more pseudoscientific beliefs showing (Experiment 2) or not (Experiment 1) differential search strategies. Our results suggest that both information interpretation and search strategies could be significantly associated to the development of pseudoscientific (and paranormal) beliefs.

What We Say and What We Do: Commentary on Chris Voparil’s Reconstructing Pragmatism

Abstract: This essay seeks to untangle some of the issues that arise in multi-generational conversations. Doing so uncovers the traps set by time and place. These include how to recognize changing vocabularies, shifting interests, interpretive strategies, and multiple perspectives. It explores how speaking for, to, about, and beyond others without distortions can honestly co-exist with new things to say. It highlights Voparil’s goal of promoting active engagement with others for everyone’s benefit.

Touching the Past, or Reading as If It Matters Now

Touching the Past, or Reading as If It Matters Now Tyler Schwaller (bio) There are certain works that have so transformed my ways of thinking that I sometimes forget what it was like to think otherwise. Dr. Bernadette Brooten's Love Between Women is one of those texts. As I teach in both academic and ecclesial settings about the Bible and sexuality, I draw regularly upon the materials and insights of Dr. Brooten's work and of course cite her appropriately. However, the content has become so familiar to me that I sometimes forget the sheer scope of the book's impact. This opportunity to spend substantial time again with the text has illuminated for me that Love Between Women is not only an important work that I cite for evidence, but also one that I cannot and do not think apart from, as Dr. Brooten's arguments have so fundamentally shaped the ways I think about sex, gender, and sexuality in the ancient world and its implications for contemporary discourses and debates. It is truly an honor to be able to reflect on the impact of this transformative work. I will admit that it made me somewhat anxious to present as part of this retrospective special section, as I have felt a tension between the manner in which I think I am supposed to speak "as a scholar" and what I really want to say, which is perhaps more confessional. But even as Dr. Brooten's Love Between Women has certainly sharpened my scholarly sensibilities, its influence has been deeper and farther-reaching for me. So, I would like to share in terms of my experiences with the text, which begin with the personal and extend beyond academe to workshops I have taught on the Bible and sexuality with church groups. These workshops have taken place primarily in United Methodist contexts.1 Further, I have drawn [End Page 177] upon Dr. Brooten's work while engaging in ecclesial juridical settings convened to enforce the United Methodist Church's anti-queer policies. This leads me to reflect in two directions: first, toward celebration and gratitude for Love Between Women and second, toward ethics of interpretation, scholarship, pedagogy, and sex. I initially encountered Love Between Women soon after coming out as gay, as I was still thinking through my relationship to the church and to the Bible. I experienced the commentary on Rom 1:18–32 especially as freeing.2 Without being able to name at the time what felt deficient, I had been left unsatisfied by mainstream progressive interpretive strategies aimed at affirming same-sex desire and relationships. I was familiar with two primary approaches, sometimes working in tandem: claiming that homosexuality is a modern category, thereby presuming biblical texts have nothing to say on the topic as we know it, and/or contending that ancient condemnation of same-sex desire is really a critique of pederasty (as if that were the only same-sex relationality known in the ancient world). These possibilities for claiming that modern queer relationality was unknown to biblical writers and so freed from scriptural scrutiny was first introduced to me in the published debate between Dan Via and Robert Gagnon, which I purchased and read in secret in high school.3 Such line of thinking was reinforced when I encountered Foucault in college and learned his claim that homosexuality emerged as a discrete concept only in the modern period. While I appreciated the call to think contextually, not generalizing categories of desire across time and space, I was unsatisfied by the notion that the best defense for queer love today would be the impossibility of its imagination in the past. What felt so freeing about reading the commentary in Love Between Women was to let go of the intellectual gymnastics and simply name things as they are: Paul does not like same-sex desire, full stop. But Paul draws upon contemporaneous thought to make an argument fundamentally rooted in the assumption of women's subordination.4 Recognizing that I could not support the underlying logic and so did not feel beholden to the argument, I acknowledged for myself the need to look elsewhere, to consider...

Mixing Comics and Literature in Calvino's Castle of Crossed Destinies

Abstract Italo Calvino's Castle of Crossed Destinies is unique among his later novels for failing to uphold the rules and constraints that he was increasingly fond of imposing on his works of fiction. To explain the novel's structural failure, this essay puts aside the framework for analysis which is commonly adopted, a structuralist reading rooted in Saussure's linguistics and Propp's narratology, and suggests a framework stemming from the comics that Calvino would have read in newspapers as a child. An unlikely source of inspiration, these comics actually tell us a great deal about the novel, about its origin, its tone, and its unraveling, as well as help us pinpoint the problem in a clash of interpretative strategies, between one that treats images as changeable and another that treats them as stable points in a narrative continuum.

Interpretation and Ovidian Myth in Alexander’s Bridge and O Pioneers!

This essay describes interpretive strategies widely applied to Ovidian mythic materials during the period of Cather’s early career, especially those operative in Alexander’s Bridge and O Pioneers! The article assumes that widely held conventional interpretations of myths, in this case Ovidian myths, in a specific time and area are part of their semantic content, or iconology, and are tools Cather used in communicating with her audience. The essay then looks at a passage in the 1912 Alexander’s Bridge and two disputed passages in the 1913 O Pioneers! along with extended Bacchic themes in the latter novel that employ conventional Ovidian iconology. These symbolic clusters were available to her in the early decades of the twentieth century. The historicizing of the interpretation of classical myth makes a significant difference to the understanding of Cather’s novels. Traditional Ovidian iconology, the essay argues, rather than alternative, later approaches to classical myth projected back in time, are crucial to the novels’ meanings. The essay finally examines how an understanding of historical semiological usages undergird our understanding of mythic meanings.

Effects of mindful interpretation strategies on interpretation value-during-use and interpretation value-after-use

This fully online study examined environmental interpretation narratives and tested their influence on participant’s mindfulness and the value of their interpretive experiences. Dimensions of mindfulness were proposed to result from mindful interpretation strategies and a proposed model of interpretation value-during-use and interpretation value-after-use was explored. Four hundred fifty (450) participants were randomly assigned to participate in one of two brief mindfulness preparation conditions (Mindful Preparation- Present vs. Mindful Preparation- Absent), and then experience interpretation on one of two websites (Mindful Interpretation- Provided vs. Mindful Interpretation- Not Provided). Participants completed self-reported measures of mindfulness and its proposed outcomes immediately after visiting the website to which they were randomly assigned. Proposed outcomes were also tested, namely that mindfulness dimensions, immersion, and arousal would influence the participant’s value-during-use. This in turn was thought to influence participant value-after-use, as measured by the variables learning, meaningfulness, memorability, delight, and intention to recommend. A-priori contrasts tested the differences among mindfulness dimension means, revealing a significant effect of mindful interpretation on one of the three dimensions of mindfulness: “noticing new things, sensitive to context.” No other significant effects of mindful preparation or mindful interpretation were found. The value of participant interpretive experiences was also tested through a path model. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed a very strong relationship between value-during-use and value-after-use (λ=.97). SEM and pooled confirmatory factor analysis revealed an acceptable model fit. Results suggest that mindful interpretation can positively influence visitor interpretive experiences, which in turn provides value during and after their experience. Implementing Moscardo's (1996, 1999) suggestions to incorporate multisensory media, novelty, and questions in environmental interpretation was examined in this applied study. Means for mindfulness dimensions were mostly in the expected directions. Mindful interpretation techniques influenced one dimension of mindfulness. The partial support of Moscardo's models helped to identify what can enhance people's interpretive experiences. Implementing mindful interpretation narratives enhances content, would be low cost to implement, and can be monitored for efficacy. This study helped identify what interpretive experiences can address for visitors. Interpretation that is mindful can influence the value during and value after an interpretive experience.

VASYL STEFANYK’S WRITINGS IN A FOREIGN INTERPRETATION

The aim of this study is to reveal the peculiarities of functioning of translations of Vasyl Stefanyk’s novellas in other languages: both in the Slavic and in the Romance-Germanic world, elucidate a translatological toolkit in old and contemporary interpretations. The research methods lie in employing a philological method and linguistic principles, as well as the principles of reader-response criticism through the prism of comparative approaches and comparative-historical principles of analysing the foreign language material, created by translators on the basis of Vasyl Stefanyk’s novellas. The results of researching into the posed problem led to the discovery of quite different methodological strategies of the foreign interpretation of different periods of translations of Vasyl Stefanyk’s works, the delineation of the whole complex of issues connected with a fictional being of Vasyl Stefanyk’s translated novellas, for example, in Polish, Bulgarian, Czech, Russian or English, German, French, Spanish languages. It is proved that foreign translators, first of all, used Stefanyk’s word as a fictional unit and succeeded the cases where the translation of Stefanyk’s text was done not literally, but, first and foremost, adequately for the writer’s ideological-aesthetical conceivement. Having implemented Russian and English translations of Vasyl Stefanyk’s novellas for analyzing the posed problem, there are made the conclusions as to creative successes and failures of numerous translators of Vasyl Stefanyk’s novellas into these languages. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that it actualizes an important problem of being of the Ukrainian author’s prose in other languages in different cultural-historical environments, in the lingual space of these or those literatures.

Black Fathers Rising: A QuantCrit Analysis of Black Fathers’ Paternal Influence on Sons’ Engagement and Sense of School Belonging in High School

ABSTRAC This QuantCrit analysis considers Black fathers’ influence on their sons’ engagement and sense of belonging in urban intensive and emergent high schools. Canonical correlations show a significant relationship between Black fathers’ paternal influence and their sons’ engagement and sense of belonging in school. We discuss two QuantCrit interpretation strategies to contextualize and recenter race via Black fathers’ experiential knowledge. Within the proper social-cultural context, these results illuminate a unique paternal educational habitus among Black fathers, which focuses on high levels of academic engagement with a family-centric locus of influence on their sons’ sense of belonging.

The multiscale edge detection filter applied to airborne electromagnetic data interpretation: A case study at the Rio das Velhas Greenstone Belt, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil

Potential-field edge detection filters are powerful fault detection tools in mineral exploration. The application of these filters to electromagnetic (EM) data is not as accepted as those associated with potential field data. But they may be advantageous when dealing with mineralizations associated with non-magnetic rocks. This paper introduces the multiscale edge detection filter to provide an enhanced image of fault zones when applied to apparent conductivity data. The Rio das Velhas Greenstone Belt, the studied area, hosts several gold mineralizations controlled by northwest–southeast shear zones subparallel to non-magnetic metasedimentary rocks that are typical candidates for the EM interpretation. Several northwest–southeast trending faults were highlighted in the studied area. We employed a data fusion interpretation strategy by correlating the detected EM faults with radiometric anomalies to classify high-priority spots for future exploration. We tagged four known gold deposits and new targets with similar characteristics following the proposed guidelines.

Constraining a model of punctuated river incision for Quaternary strath terrace formation

In the small fraction of Earth's surface with the highest erosion rates such as the Alps and Himalayas quantifying rates of incision, rock uplift and inferring climatic controls on the landscape can be relatively straightforward once the ages of river terraces cut in bedrock (strath terraces) are constrained. However, in many mid to lower relief settings that are more typical of mountain belts worldwide, periods of net river incision and riverbed lowering are relatively short (punctuated), interrupted by long periods of sediment aggradation or stasis. We define a conceptual model of punctuated river incision and strath terrace formation for the calculation of incision and rock uplift rates, and recommend strategies for geochronological sampling and interpretation. An approach using OSL dating of terrace gravels allows us to constrain a detailed ~150 kyr history of punctuated river incision and strath terrace formation spanning two stratigraphic landform levels in the High Atlas Mountains (NW Africa). Extensive preservation and exposure of strath-top gravels, within a post-orogenic setting unaffected by eustatic influences, enables the derivation of rates of base-level fall, integrated over periods of strath-top aggradation and incision, that are consistent with independently constrained regional rock uplift rates. Combining a punctuated river incision model with our well-constrained terrace formation history allows us to demonstrate how assumptions concerning Quaternary river incision and aggradation can lead to the problematic Sadler Effect, an apparent dependence of incision rates on measured time interval. Subsequently, we demonstrate that an approach to reinterpreting previously published data using the punctuated incision model, even when combined with limited terrace age data, results in more consistent conclusions about rates of river incision, rock uplift and base-level lowering across the mountain belt. Our recommendations for sampling strategies to constrain rock uplift rates require samples to be taken just above the strath surface, and in addition towards the top of the deposit for river incision rates. In a setting with punctuated river incision and strath terrace formation, both rock uplift and incision rates require burial dates, as exclusive use of abandonment ages will not yield constraints on accurate rates of rock uplift or incision. Furthermore, we find that only with multiple along-stream locations and multiple burial dates in each terrace deposit, could a reliable climatic signal be extracted: this signal would not have shown up in terrace abandonment ages such as those derived from cosmogenic exposure dates. The demonstrated effects of assumptions about strath terrace formation, and the recommended approaches for sampling and interpretation, have implications for those attempting to constrain palaeoclimatic, tectonic, and geomorphic histories from strath terrace records in regions exhibiting punctuated river incision.

“A vibrant life force”: A Review Essay on Black Queer Flesh: Rejecting Subjectivity in the African American Novel

“A vibrant life force”: A Review Essay on Black Queer Flesh: Rejecting Subjectivity in the African American Novel David B. Green (bio) BLACK QUEER FLESH: Rejecting Subjectivity in The African American Novel. By Alvin J. Henry. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 2020. Throughout my reading of Alvin J. Henry’s Black Queer Flesh: Rejecting Subjectivity in The African American Novel, I hummed the song, “Ima Read” by the Berlin-based, Jamaican born rapper Zebra Katz. “Ima Read” has a catchy and seductive two-step dance beat and the video-visual is produced with a haunting black-white medium reminiscent of classic horror films from the early twentieth century. Even more, the song’s lyrics dance with the profane as Zebra Katz constantly says that he is going to “read that bitch/ima school that bitch,” while repeating throughout the chorus, “Ima read/Ima read/Ima read.”1 Reading, then, constitutes the point of the song—and not just any reading. Here, Zebra Kats enacts a reading performative deeply rooted within the Black queer vernacular—a reading that slays, arrests, destabilizes, and checks the offender for their acts of aggression, if not violence.2 A reading, furthermore, that simultaneously throws—as the drag icon Dorian Corey reminds us in the documentary Paris is Burning—a little shade and reveal interpretive strategies crucial to examining the ways that Black queer drag queens fashioned and made meaning of their lives within and against a world that limited and reduced their existence to mere entertainment and violence. Thus, at [End Page 39] the intersection of the performance and practice of reading Zebra Katz, Dorian Corey, and Alvin J. Henry converge in their efforts to, as Zebra Katz sings, “give that bitch some knowledge.” If we readers are bothered by my prioritizing the profane, the in your face/ness of the b-word “bitch”—and instead desires a much more “civilized” or responsible, if not typical, way to write about/read/introduce/scholarship, and in this case Henry’s Black Queer Flesh, then we might want to rethink our complicity in the ways that we imagine subjectivity. Furthermore, given these concerns, we might want to deeply ponder our participation in liberal humanism—which, in simple terms, constitutes the project of expecting respectable self-making determined by white power brokers; and, in my case, expecting me to frame the introduction to this review in the typical fashion of academic writing. In Black Queer Flesh then, Henry advances a study of radical reading practices that asks us to rethink, and wholly reject, notions of subjectivity and liberal humanism. In our rejection of subjectivity, especially, Henry argues for a paradigmatic shift in the ways that we read for and examine meaning-making in African America Literature. Discovering Black queer flesh—the liberating and, indeed, “vibrant life force” (7) of black queer life often negated and denied in and beyond Black life—is the reward of our new, radical reading practices. To start with, Henry is not cursing anyone out throughout Black Queer Flesh. Though, he does challenge, and thus take issue with, the ways that despite their attempts to narrate the experiences of Black folkx in America, Black novelists have relied on formulations of agency, self-determination, and triumph to construct the subjectivity of their central and secondary Black characters. Agency, self-determination, and triumph—which here is read as defeating the economic odds of poverty expected of black people—co-constitute the subjectivities predetermined for Black characters. These predetermined subjectivities are wrought forth by Western literary aesthetics, and chiefly the Bildungsroman literary genre. The Bildungsroman (henceforth “Bildung”), limits, Henry argues, ways to examine self-making and knowledge production at the center of Black literary production. He insists that because of these limits, Black novelists not only struggle to expand representation, experiences, and the knowledge-making of Black characters within the African American novel, but that even the most astute readers of Black literature approach analysis of these novels with these narrow subjectivities in mind. Typical readings, then, lead to oversight into the ways that some of the most well-known Black characters develop strategies to cope with and not deny their experiences with anti-black racism and...

Transitivity Shift in Experiential Function of Texts in Official Website of Kementerian Kesehatan

The objectives of this research are to depict the shift of transitivity that happen brought about by applying interpretation strategies in the translation on the site of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. This research is Transitivity Shift In Experiential Function Of Texts In Official Website Of Kementrian Kesehatan. The sample of this research was clauses under the classification of experiential capacity that experience a shift intransitivity. The data were gathered by using the observation strategy, to be specific choosing the articles managing the Covid-19 and the English interpretation, perusing cautiously every one of the provisions in the source language, that is the Indonesian language, discovering the transitivity shift by grouping the sentences as per the experiential capacity function and were analyzed by qualitative descriptive method. The findings showed that there is a few transitivity shifts in the articles. In conclusion, the transitivity shift in two articles, there are one clause on the material to verbal, three clauses on the material to relational, two clauses on verbal to material, one clause on verbal to relational, and one clause on the material to existential. Nonetheless, there is no shift involving mental process in the two articles.

BR-NPA: A non-parametric high-resolution attention model to improve the interpretability of attention

The prevalence of employing attention mechanisms has brought along concerns about the interpretability of attention distributions. Although it provides insights into how a model is operating, utilizing attention as the explanation of model predictions is still highly dubious. The community is still seeking more interpretable strategies for better identifying local active regions that contribute the most to the final decision. To improve the interpretability of existing attention models, we propose a novel Bilinear Representative Non-Parametric Attention (BR-NPA) strategy that captures the task-relevant human-interpretable information. The target model is first distilled to have higher-resolution intermediate feature maps. From which, representative features are then grouped based on local pairwise feature similarity, to produce finer-grained, more precise attention maps highlighting task-relevant parts of the input. The obtained attention maps are ranked according to the activity level of the compound feature, which provides information regarding the important level of the highlighted regions. The proposed model can be easily adapted in a wide variety of modern deep models, where classification is involved. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments showcase more comprehensive and accurate visual explanations compared to state-of-the-art attention models and visualization methods across multiple tasks including fine-grained image classification, few-shot classification, and person re-identification, without compromising the classification accuracy. The proposed visualization model sheds imperative light on how neural networks ‘pay their attention’ differently in different tasks.

Just Another Physical Wreck on the Shores of Time

Abstract This article investigates the various ways in which Pentecostals read and interpreted the narrative of the woman whom Jesus healed of an “issue of blood.” It explores the manner in which she and her experience are described and explained by Pentecostals in articles and sermons from the beginning of the movement to the present day. The article attempts to survey and analyze the different interpretations and how they have changed over time. While early pentecostal literature used the narrative as an opportunity to engage in anti-physician rhetoric and to defend the doctrine of healing in the atonement, later literature expanded the interpretation of the woman’s issue beyond physical healing to include other “issues” a person might face. Present throughout the literature is an emphasis on the woman’s faith and her personal agency to bring about the miracle. However, also present are negative interpretations of the woman and her “issue of blood.” Finally, the article looks forward to other possible interpretive strategies.

Automated interpretation of the pulmonary function test by a portable spirometer in Chinese adults.

IntroductionA portable spirometer is a promising alternative to a traditional pulmonary function test (PFT) spirometer for respiratory function evaluation.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the accuracy of automated interpretation of the PFT measured by a portable Yue Cloud spirometer in Chinese adults.MethodsThe PFT was performed to evaluate subjects prospectively enrolled at Ruijin Hospital (n = 220). A Yue Cloud spirometer and a conventional Jaeger MasterScreen device were applied to each patient with a 20‐min quiescent period between each measurement. Pulmonary function parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal expiratory flow at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the FVC (MEF25, MEF50, and MEF75, respectively), and maximal mid‐expiratory flow (MMEF), were compared by correlation analyses and Bland–Altman methods. The Yue Cloud spirometer automatically interpreted the PFT results, and a conventional strategy was performed to interpret the PFT results obtained by the Jaeger machine. Concordance of the categorization of pulmonary dysfunction, small airway dysfunction, and severity was analyzed by the kappa (κ) statistic.ResultsSignificantly similar correlations of all variables measured with the two spirometers were observed (all p < 0.001). No significant bias was observed in any of the measured spirometer variables. A satisfactory concordance of pulmonary function and severity classification was observed between the automated interpretation results obtained with the Yue Cloud spirometer vs. a conventional spirometer interpretation strategy (all κ > 0.80).ConclusionThe portable Yue Cloud spirometer not only yields reliable measurements of pulmonary function but also can automatically interpret the PFT results.

Thornton Wilder and Arthur Miller: A Brief History of Time, Space, and Matter

While many literary theories focus on materialistic concerns, less frequently have these theories focused on the spiritual matters arising from such concerns. A cosmological interpretive strategy focuses on such spiritual and cosmic themes rather than ignoring them. This essay’s analysis will focus on using a cosmological interpretive strategy to analyze Thornton Wilder’s Our Town and Arthur Miller’s The Man Who Had All the Luck. This strategy will reveal that, rather than merely being focused on spatial and material concerns, these texts also demonstrate a concern with our relationships with nature and the wider cosmos. Through their narratives, both Wilder and Miller address the passage of time and the questions of agency which occur when thinking about time. This analysis will demonstrate how these stories deny economic and historical determinism in favor of an interdependency between humans and the wider cosmos. These texts help reveal reality as a set of interconnected narratives and histories that include each individual, the societies around that individual, nature around those societies, and the wider cosmos within which everything exists.

A Revelation of Weakness: Julian of Norwich, John Caputo, and the Event of Hospitality

ABSTRACT This study is foremost a close reading of chapter 22 of revelation nine from Julian of Norwich’s (c. 1343–1416) Revelations of Divine Love. I reflect on the implications of a section from the chapter’s introduction in which Christ asks Julian if she were satisfied (‘payde’) for the suffering he underwent for her. Upon hearing her affirmative response Christ tells her that ‘If thou art payde, I am payde.’. In my analysis, I turn to the interpretive strategies offered by the philosopher and theologian, John Caputo (b. 1940), to reflect on the theological images being presented in this chapter. Specifically, I consider the subordinate depiction of Christ in relation to Julian that this section suggests. To do this, I draw on Caputo’s notion of ‘weak theology’ combined with his idea of ‘the event’ and his ethics of ‘hospitality’ as fruitful hermeneutical strategies for thinking through the Christological implications of this chapter.

Trumpslation Analysed: Constraints and Interpreter Strategies in the Simultaneous Interpretation of Donald Trump’s Unscripted Speeches into Arabic

Trumpslation Analysed: Constraints and Interpreter Strategies in the Simultaneous Interpretation of Donald Trump’s Unscripted Speeches into Arabic