Interpretation Program Research Articles

Pengembangan Desa Benteng Sebagai Desa Wisata Berbasis Agro di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

This community service was carried out as an effort to revive the tourism sector by developing an agro-based tourism village in Benteng Village by identifying the perceptions of tourism village managers, constraints and impacts, and program sustainability. This activity seeks to construct perceptions of agro-tourism activities, media promotion, and the development of agro-based tourism. The readiness of managers to become part of the identified consists of long-time readiness to receive visitors, service ethics to visitors, aspects of security, comfort, and cleanliness as well as readiness for agro-tourism activities. Data collection was carried out through literature, participatory studies, interviews, and distributing questionnaires with a purposive sampling technique to 18 respondents managing the Benteng tourism village. Data analysis used descriptive quantitative and descriptive qualitative methods. Based on the assessment of the Benteng Village manager, harvesting activities, enjoying the landscape, photography, interpretation programs, and shopping for agricultural products are agro-based tourism activities that can be carried out in Benteng Village. Promotional videos are the highest choice for promoting village potential and managers say they are ready to receive visitors 1‒3 hours and a week. The manager also stated that he was ready regarding the ethics of service to visitors, security, comfort, and cleanliness including implementing health protocols (prokes) and being ready to develop agro-tourism activities. Implementation constraints are technical in nature and post-pandemic conditions that require adjustments in various aspects. Development of tourism potential through an integrated approach by collaborating involving various parties including universities as well as massive promotion using the right media so that agro-based tourism activities in Benteng Village can be sustainable.

Great Smoky Mountains National Park and its Missing Black Visitors: A Preliminary Analysis on the Hidden Architecture of Landscape

The framing of national parks as "America's best idea" has undergone a multi-disciplinary critique for its failure to address the scarcity of racial minority visitors, particularly Black Americans. Slavery, segregation, and ongoing racial politics demand a process of unlearning and undoing by centering Black voices. This research seeks to re-examine Black Americans' motivations for and deterrents against visiting national parks using Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) as a preliminary case study. A review of archival documents (e.g., park history and promotional materials), interpretation programs, exhibits, and the racial composition of surrounding communities and park employees was conducted to identify gaps in Black Americans' representation within the core messages created and promoted by GSMNP. The results suggest that Black Americans are rarely seen in archival documents, and marginally represented in publicly accessible literature and exhibits. This legacy may send a message to Black Americans that the park is a "White" space, where their ancestors were treated as second-class citizens or excluded entirely. Under the shadow of Jim Crow laws, segregation, racism, and discrimination, this space may have been associated with danger or considered unsafe and unwelcoming. Our findings contribute to the broader understanding of how landscapes and institutions are racialized, and how the power of narrative can be used to dismantle racialization.

Representing legislative Rules as Code: Reducing the problems of ‘scaling up’

We propose an approach to analysing the nature of existing legal rules, particularly legislative rules, that regards legislation as fundamentally a set of related propositions. We propose a method for representing these rules, using a coding language developed for the project that uses a quasi-natural language representation. It enables the interpreter program for that coding language to process these rules so as to produce ‘consultations’ to determine the values of goals which the legislation is capable of determining, with dialogues and explanations generated ‘on the fly’.Progress that has been made in automating this coding process to create rules in that coding language directly from existing legislation, using a pre-processor program developed for the project. This can also be described as ‘scaling up’ the production of ‘Rules as Code’ or ‘Law as Code’. If successfully developed further this has potential to make a significant contribution toward realising the practical potential of Rules as Code.We conclude there is now evidence that these processes can be generalised (‘scaled up’) to deal with the conversion or production of large bodies of legislation, and that this has considerable value. The pre-processor software is evolving rapidly, in the variety of structural forms of legislation that it can convert into the coding language, and this work will continue.Based on this experience, we also demonstrate how the drafting of legislation could be changed so that appropriately drafted legislation is directly readable and understandable by humans and also directly usable by machines. To be effective, laws drafted in this way will need to be simultaneously authoritative legislative rules and code.

How Do Outdoor Recreationists Perceive the State of the Environment and Do Interpretive Programs Make a Difference?

Environmental interpretation provides visitors with positive experiences in nature while managing their impacts. Existing research has concentrated on the influence of interpretive programs on visitor knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. Little empirical research exists on how visitors perceive their environment. In this research we examine the effect of environmental interpretation on visitors’ perceptions of the environment. The study took place in the Niagara Glen Nature Reserve, Canada. A survey is administered to visitors on self-guided experiences and visitors receiving two different interpretive programs. Perceptions are compared to ecological data. Visitors rated conditions higher than ecological data, regardless of participation in an interpretive program. There was no significant influence of an interpretive program on perceptions. Findings from this pilot study highlight the need for interpretive programs to examine their effectiveness of achieving its outcomes as well as the benefits of using a reference such as ecological data.

Are We Creatures of Logic or Emotions? Investigating the Role of Attitudes, Worldviews, Emotions, and Knowledge Gain From Environmental Interpretation on Behavioural Intentions of Park Visitors

Environmental interpretation can improve sustainability by mitigating the negative impacts of nature-based recreation. However, we do not fully understand the psychological factors that influence interpretation’s efficacy in changing human behaviours. Specifically, the role of emotions has been understudied within environmental psychology and nature-based recreation. This study, therefore, provides further insight into the psychological processes driving pro-environmental behavioural intentions among overnight visitors attending personal interpretation programs in provincial parks in Alberta, Canada. In 2018 and 2019, we surveyed 763 attendees of personal interpretation events. We used latent variable structural regression modeling to test the hypothesized relationships between ecological worldview, attitudes, emotions, and pro-environmental behaviours. As predicted, there were positive relationships between worldviews, affective and cognitive attitudes, and emotions; these variables and knowledge gain were positively associated with pro-environmental behaviours. Findings suggest that interpretation should focus programming on the affective elements of communication, target personal meaning such as responsibility to act, and continue to transmit knowledge.

Direction for interpretive programming from Alberta Provincial Park management plans

Park management plans provide strategic direction for the future management of specific parks. These plans set goals and strategies for many park management concerns, including ecological integrity, visitor services, facilities, boundaries, and resource allocation. Understanding interpretive goals, topics, and strategies will help a park or park system develop a coherent approach to interpretive planning, delivery, and evaluation. This study determined how interpretation was prioritized in Alberta provincial parks’ management plans. We analyzed 32 management plans based on length (average of 80 pages), age (average of 14 years), goals, topics, and strategies. Overall, 84% of the plans addressed interpretation, devoting an average of 3% of their length to interpretation. The most targeted interpretive goals were “learning,” “increasing positive attitudes,” “behavior change,” and “enjoyment.” The most frequent interpretive topics were “heritage,” “culture,” “conservation,” and “flora or fauna.” The most common interpretive strategies were “signs,” “general personal interpretation,” and “guided hikes.” Even though interpretation received a low emphasis, newer plans provided more emphasis, expanding on conceptualizing and evaluating interpretation compared with older plans. By summarizing the priorities of management plans for interpretation, this study may help park staff set interpretive goals, evaluate progress, and promote consistency between the goals of park staff and outcomes for visitors. In turn, this information may help park planners and practitioners to better align interpretive goals, strategies, and outcomes.

Research on the School-Enterprise Collaborative Education of MTI of Medical Colleges

The refinement of the Master of Translation and Interpreting program within medical colleges and universities can significantly bolster intellectual support for collaboration and exchange in the medical field. This article elucidates the prevalent challenges in the existing translation master’s program in medical institutions, including the lack of distinctive teaching materials, a monotonous instructional approach, and the delayed adaptation to emerging translation technologies. It further recommends the development of specialized in-house materials tailored to the medical field, the adoption of innovative teaching methodologies, and the adept integration of translation technology through a synergistic school-enterprise collaboration model, aimed at enhancing the training quality for translation master’s candidates within a corporate-academic collaborative framework.

Featured Interdisciplinary Training Models of MTI Talents in Colleges and Universities through the Lens of New Liberal Arts

By leveraging their own featured specialties to facilitate the training of Master of Translation and Interpreting (MTI) program, industrial-oriented colleges and universities can seize the golden opportunity brought by the "new liberal arts" initiative to cultivate interdisciplinary language service talents tailored to the market needs. Through a status quo analysis, this study attempts to examine multiple aspects concerning the training models of MTI program in industry colleges and universities, including educational objectives, curriculum setting, faculty allocation, and practical training, in an effort to discover a unique path of training compound MTI professionals. Given the shared challenges faced by such institutions, it is suggested to further create a favorable interdisciplinary learning environment, improve the whole process of talent training, and boost the employability of students in future.

Using JavaScript in web design

JavaScript was created to bring a web page to life. Scripts are programs written in JavaScript. Each script is connected directly to HyperText Markup Language (HTML) in any browser and is immediately executed when the web page is loaded. JavaScript scripts are written in plain text that does not require special training, which is why JavaScript is very different from the Java programming language, to which it is very similar. A special interpreter program allows JavaScript to be used not only in the browser but anywhere, and therefore the process of executing script commands is called “interpretation.” The interpreter executes the program’s JavaScript ource code (script) “as is” in browsers. Modern interpreters convert JavaScript to machine code before execution, optimize it, and only then perform it. Because of this, JavaScript is very fast. All known browsers have a JavaScript interpreter built into them, which is why they can execute scripts on the page. However, JavaScript can be used outside of the browser. This is a full-fledged language, with programs that can be run on a server and even on consumer electronic devices, if they have the appropriate interpreter installed. This article presents various JavaScript applications, used by the author, embedded in HTML files that allow a web designer to make a text animation presentation on a web page, to make a slide show, to create a questionnaire with ready-made answers so that the user reading the web page can easily master the necessary material contained in the questionnaire, to conduct an exam with the user on any topic of interest to him or her in a multitask mode with assessments of the exam results and a table of correct answers, place scientific applications on the web page, for example, a table of chemical elements by Mendeleev with printing of all parameters of a chemical element at the request of the user or calculators that the user can use online. The author has managed to build HTML using JavaScript that allows displaying beautiful Java applets accompanied by a banner, designed as a Java applet, contained within a moving window that expands from the left end and moves to the right end at the top of the web page.

Exploring changes in depression and radiology-related publications research focus: A bibliometrics and content analysis based on natural language processing.

This study aims to construct and use natural language processing and other methods to analyze major depressive disorder (MDD) and radiology studies' publications in the PubMed database to understand the historical growth, current state, and potential expansion trend. All MDD radiology studies publications from January 2002 to January 2022 were downloaded from PubMed using R, a statistical computing language. R and the interpretive general-purpose programming language Python were used to extract publication dates, geographic information, and abstracts from each publication's metadata for bibliometric analysis. The generative statistical algorithm "Latent Dirichlet allocation" (LDA) was applied to identify specific research focus and trends. The unsupervised Leuven algorithm was used to build a network to identify relationships between research focus. A total of 5,566 publications on MDD and radiology research were identified, and there is a rapid upward trend. The top-cited publications were 11,042, and the highly-cited publications focused on improving diagnostic performance and establishing imaging standards. Publications came from 76 countries, with the most from research institutions in the United States and China. Hospitals and radiology departments take the lead in research and have an advantage. The extensive field of study contains 12,058 Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. Based on the LDA algorithm, three areas were identified that have become the focus of research in recent years, "Symptoms and treatment," "Brain structure and imaging," and "Comorbidities research." Latent Dirichlet allocation analysis methods can be well used to analyze many texts and discover recent research trends and focus. In the past 20 years, the research on MDD and radiology has focused on exploring MDD mechanisms, establishing standards, and constructing imaging methods. Recent research focuses are "Symptoms and sleep," "Brain structure study," and "functional connectivity." New progress may be made in studies on MDD complications and the combination of brain structure and metabolism.

Abstract 11252: Developing an Interactive Online Curriculum for Teaching Pediatric Electrocardiogram Interpretation

Introduction: Interpretation of pediatric ECGs is a specific skill set that requires familiarity with normal electrographic changes in the developing heart, as well as recognition of a wide range of dysrhythmias or conduction alterations secondary to structural lesions. General pediatricians should use ECGs for various pediatric emergencies, common outpatient concerns and sports participation clearance. Previous studies showed that pediatric trainees are neither comfortable nor proficient in reading ECGs. We developed an interactive self- learning program for teaching pediatric ECG interpretation. Methods: In collaboration between pediatric residents and cardiologists, we created the curriculum, identifying high-yield topics, ‘red flags’ and age- related normal variances that are important to recognize. We built a 5-10-minute teaching module for each topic using Adobe Captivate. The modules were available online on a shared server. Participants were asked to take pre- and post-participation surveys and interpretation skill tests to define knowledge gaps and to focus our curricular development. Results: The pilot curriculum comprised of 14 high-yield topics, general and pediatric- focused. The modules included real ECG samples with multiple-choice questions testing specific electrographic aberrations, followed by audiovisual explanations. The pre-participation survey and test were completed by 57 participants: pediatric residents (59%) and others. Most reported that they do not feel comfortable with distinguishing normal from abnormal ECGs (77.2%), nor recognizing arrhythmias (75.5%) or identifying signs of structural abnormalities (98.3%). The mean test score was 5.13 ± 1.8 out of 10 questions answered correctly, with no significant difference between pediatric residents or other trainees ( p =0.78). Conclusions: We present a newly developed educational program for ECG interpretation that centers on visual learning and pattern recognition of high yield findings in pediatrics. Initial surveys confirm the need for an accessible and engaging teaching tool and we have shared the online modules to be available outside of our institution. We intend to continue and develop the program as more feedback is received.

Exploring and Interpreting the History of Slavery at James Madison’s Montpelier

Archaeology’s importance to understanding and exploring difficult histories should be considered an essential tool in the public history toolbox. This paper will explore how the Department of Archaeology at The Montpelier Foundation in Orange, Virginia, interprets the lives of over 350 individuals enslaved by James Madison, the nation’s fourth president. To do so, we use the Rubric of best practices, standards established by the National Summit on Teaching Slavery held in 2018 and published by the National Trust for Historic Preservation in a document called Engaging Descendant Communities in the Interpretation of Slavery at Museums and Historic Sites. This paper examines how the Montpelier Archaeology Department has developed a research and interpretive program that puts the Rubric into practice, making the case that public historians and heritage organizations must robustly engage archaeologists and the discipline of archaeology in all aspects of its research and interpretation.

Introduction to Special issue

Introduction to Special issue

UTILIZATION OF LATRINE AND SEPTIC TANK CONTSTRUCTION BY THE DEPARTEMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND SPATIAL PLANNING SERVICE IN THE NUMBER OF OPEN DEFECATION IN THE VILLAGE OF DRIEN MANGKO, DISTRICTS WEST ACEH

Sanitation predicaments are all the more a characteristic disputed point encountered in indefinite territories and places, individual of which is in Drien Mangko Village, Woyla District, westbound Aceh rule in 2021, videlicet ODF administer defecation, thither are 62. in good health latrine sanitation has totality aggrandizement to everlasting in good health latrines JSP 29. 9%, semi-permanent in good health latrines JSSP 3 and all the more doing distribution (ride) 3. constituents causing ODF are little commensurate of economical capacity, general public are unqualified to satisfy becoming sanitation development. To bowled over this disputed point the westbound Aceh universal drudgeries and Spatial provisioning accommodation enforced a sanitation exploitation announcement in the community of Drien Mangko. The evaluation disposition put into practice a descriptive qualitative classification by conducting press conference approximately the discription of knowledge, dispositions and performances as advantageously as examinations on the superiority of latrines and abscessed tanks. The totality inhabitant is the beneficiaries in the configuration of Toilet washable and abscessed coolhead consisting of 9 families. The objective is to ascertain approximately the discription of the application of toilets and abscessed tanks that chalk up been reinforced by the universal drudgeries and Spatial provisioning occupation of westbound Aceh in 2021. The consequences established that 55. 6% chalk up first-class knowledge, 22. 2% chalk up adequate consciousness and deprivation of knowledge. 100% of respondents who chalk up a first-class attitude. 100% of respondents who chalk up first-class actions. The consequences of the examination that the interpretation of toilets and abscessed tanks is in conformation with wellness criteria with reference to in good health kith and kin latrines that buoy accommodate wellness requirements. The determination from the consequences is that respondents buoy application latrines and abscessed tanks advantageously so that the universal drudgeries and spatial provisioning division succeeded in reduction the ODF character in Drien Mangko community in 2022 nailed down the latrine and abscessed coolhead interpretation program.

Kemenarikan dan Konsep Pengembangan Indiana Camp Sebagai Wisata Adventure di Kabupaten Bandung Barat

Adventure tourism is a type of tourism in the category of special interest tourism. This type has an exclusive impression because it tends to be attracted by certain people or groups who have an interest, because it tends to have a challenging nature and high risk. One of the tourist destinations in West Bandung Regency is Indiana Camp. This destination has the theme of extreme tourism and adventure with the characteristics of cliff heights and Citatah Karst Limestone Mountain. The problem taken is the attractiveness of attractions and the concept of development in Indiana Camp as adventure-based tourism. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained from primary and secondary data by observation, interviews, documentation, literature, triangulation and questionnaires. The results showed that the aspects of learning, rewarding, enriching and adventure felt by tourists who visited in the category of adventure tourism. Types of attractions and activities are stated in the Soft Adventure category, that attraction activities at Indiana Camp are dangerous, challenging, but fun. Aspects of accessibility to Indiana Camp is not good. Aspects of the facilities available are quite good. Aspects of zoning division already exist and are well implemented. Aspects of circulation route planning are equipped with relevant information. The interpretation program aspect has been implemented. The aspect of building facilities that this destination uses environmentally friendly methods and materials. Aspects of attraction and development of adventure-based tourist attraction are included in the category of adventure-based special interest tourism, because the nature of the attraction is dangerous, challenging, but fun. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the tourist attraction of Indiana Camp is included in the category of adventure tourism.

Documenting Indigenous Ties to the Texas Panhandle

This article summarizes the results of a multi-year ethnographic research study commissioned by the National Park Service (NPS). The goal of the project was to gain a better understanding of Native American connections to Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument and Lake Meredith National Recreation Area, jointly administered units of the (US) national park system located in the Texas Panhandle. This paper presents, albeit in abbreviated form, the findings contained in the project technical report. Researchers identified eight federally acknowledged American Indian tribes with ties to the park units. In addition, the study documented ethnographic resources present within the project area and reconstructed traditional patterns of resource use. During the project, Indigenous community members shared both concerns, as well as recommendations, regarding the interpretation of their tribes’ histories. The report concludes by proposing ways in which the NPS might collaborate with the traditionally associated tribes in the development of interpretive and educational programming that acknowledges Indigenous people’s historic ties to the parklands, as well as the continued vitality of their cultures.

Bedside Live-View Capsule Endoscopy in Evaluation of Overt Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Pilot Point-of-Care Study

Background: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is an emerging tool in the diagnosis and management of occult bleeding and overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OOGIB). Maximizing the efficiency of CE can lead to rapid bleeding localization and shorter time to therapy. We investigated whether a trained registered nurse (RN) can accurately interpret bleeding by observing the CE findings in real time by measuring inter-observer agreement between RN and physician interpretation. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of patients admitted for OOGIB who underwent live-view capsule endoscopy (LVCE) between December 2016 and November 2017. A matched control group who underwent standard CE was obtained through retrospective review. An RN received a 2-day training program for CE interpretation. RN bedside interpretation for bleeding was followed by interpretation by 2 gastrointestinal physicians blinded to LVCE findings. Outcomes were compared between groups using t-tests and χ² tests. Cohen’s kappa measured the agreement between the physicians and the RN. Results: Ten subjects were in the LVCE group, and 12 subjects were in the standard-of-care group. The agreement between the physicians and the RN was 9/10 (90%), with a kappa of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.26–1.00; p = 0.016). Patients in the LVCE group had shorter duration to physician interpretation (0.6 vs. 0.7 days [p = 0.50]), shorter duration to endoscopy (1.8 days vs. 3 days [p = 0.240]), and shorter length of stay (8.1 vs. 11.4 days [p = 0.26]) compared to the standard-of-care group. Conclusion: This study utilizing an RN for LVCE interpretation found inter-observer agreement between RN and physician findings. Larger studies are needed to assess whether this RN-physician team approach can translate to improved outcomes.

The role of width of pars compacta of substantia nigra and the midbrain area in patients with Parkinson’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy with healthy aged individuals

Introduction and Aim: Though numerous image processing software exists to analyse the images, measurement of substantia nigra width and midbrain area are simple yet definite tools to distinguish and diagnose the Parkinson’s disease (PD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) when complimented with clinical findings. Comparing the brainstem parameters in healthy, (neurodegenerative) diseased, and during the treatment helps us to assess the disease monitoring i.e., severity and progress of the disease, and formulate the best treatment strategies. This study aimed at comparison of the thickness of substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) with aged healthy individuals by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Material and Methods: This observational study includes the evaluation of MR images of 50 aged healthy individuals with no obvious neurological diseases, 35 classical PD, and 15 PSP patients from the Department of Radiology. Quantitative planimetric evaluation of midbrain area was calculated and the width of substantia nigra (SN) was evaluated as per standard reference criteria with computer assisted image analysis and interpretation program. Results: The parameters like means of midbrain area and the pars compacta thickness on both right and left sides were compared both in PD and PSP patients with healthy individuals. MR image analysis showed significant decrease in the thickness of pars compacta of SN in PD patients than in PSP patients when compared with age matched healthy aged individuals. Conclusion: Parkinsonian diseases are always associated with the neuronal loss leading to volume alterations by causing midbrain atrophy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thickness of SN is simple and reliable imaging markers to differentiate PD and PSP when combined with clinical symptomatology.

The endocrine pancreas during exercise in people with and without type 1 diabetes: Beyond the beta-cell.

Although important for digestion and metabolism in repose, the healthy endocrine pancreas also plays a key role in facilitating energy transduction around physical exercise. During exercise, decrements in pancreatic β-cell mediated insulin release opposed by increments in α-cell glucagon secretion stand chief among the hierarchy of glucose-counterregulatory responses to decreasing plasma glucose levels. As a control hub for several major glucose regulatory hormones, the endogenous pancreas is therefore essential in ensuring glucose homeostasis. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is pathophysiological condition characterised by a destruction of pancreatic β-cells resulting in pronounced aberrations in glucose control. Yet beyond the beta-cell perhaps less considered is the impact of T1D on all other pancreatic endocrine cell responses during exercise and whether they differ to those observed in healthy man. For physicians, understanding how the endocrine pancreas responds to exercise in people with and without T1D may serve as a useful model from which to identify whether there are clinically relevant adaptations that need consideration for glycaemic management. From a physiological perspective, delineating differences or indeed similarities in such responses may help inform appropriate exercise test interpretation and subsequent program prescription. With more complex advances in automated insulin delivery (AID) systems and emerging data on exercise algorithms, a timely update is warranted in our understanding of the endogenous endocrine pancreatic responses to physical exercise in people with and without T1D. By placing our focus here, we may be able to offer a nexus of better understanding between the clinical and engineering importance of AIDs requirements during physical exercise.

Teaching English-Spanish Simultaneous and Consecutive Interpretation During COVID-19

In this article, I would like to leave written testimony about how we coped with the COVID-19 pandemic in the Spanish Interpretation Program at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (MIIS), where I teach English into Spanish simultaneous and consecutive interpretation. I will describe our experience immediately after COVID-19 hit the US, how professors and students transitioned from an in-person program to a remote one, how we stayed in a fully remote program for two and a half semesters, and how we went back to the physical classroom to a hybrid model once restrictions were lifted in the US. I will explain how I structured my simultaneous and consecutive interpretation classes in each semester that we stayed remote and the changes that I introduced once we went back to campus to a hybrid model. In addition, I will address some of the pros and cons that I found with each model based on my own experience. I will also cover the different initiatives that MIIS has put in place to support the professional development of professors to adapt our classes to the remote and hybrid model. To conclude, I would like to share with the readers the results of a survey conducted among students taking the Master of Arts in Translation and Interpretation (MATI), Master of Arts in Conference Interpretation (MACI), Master of Arts in Translation (MAT), and Master of Arts in Translation and Localization Management (MATLM) in the Spanish Interpretation Program at MIIS. The students who completed the survey were exposed to the remote, hybrid, and in-person models. The purpose of the survey was to informally gather the students’ opinions on the different models for learning interpretation that they experienced: in-person, online, and hybrid. I will finish the article with a reflection on the future of teaching interpretation in the Spanish Interpretation Program at MIIS.