Interpretive Strategies Research Articles

A Different Kind of War: Deuteronomy 20:1–14 and Luke 10:1–24 in Dialogue

Abstract Passages promoting divinely approved violence permeate the biblical account. One Christian interpretative strategy, favored in premodern times but largely considered too arbitrary today, attempts to view these laws and stories of war as depicting battles against invisible forces of evil. This article attempts to strengthen this hermeneutical approach by focusing on a possible intertextual echo in Luke’s Gospel. It compares two sets of instructions—Israel’s military strategy against hostile cities in Deut 20:1–14 and the missionary blueprint, commanded by Jesus, for proclaiming the kingdom in Luke 10:1–24—and proposes that, in contrast to Israel’s rules for warfare, Luke’s account encourages Jesus’s disciples to approach the encountered cities nonviolently and turn their imagined swords against spiritual enemies. Consequently, the study suggests that the explored intertextual link might also function contrariwise and contribute toward establishing the metaphorical reading as a lasting option for interpreting biblical war narratives.

Benefits of integrating seismic and gravity data in a subsalt environment: A case study at block BM-C-33, deepwater Campos Basin, offshore Brazil

Imaging subsalt layers is challenging in the BM-C-33 block in the Campos Basin’s ultradeep waters. This block is important because it has three significant gas and condensate discoveries in the presalt carbonate and volcanic reservoirs—Seat, Gávea, and Pão de Açucar. Understanding basement morphology is essential to better define the petroleum system in the area. To that end, we performed a 2D gravity modeling exercise along a northwest–southeast section using seismic interpretation as input to reduce the ambiguity of the modeling exercise. To achieve this, we fixed the main sedimentary horizons and their densities (calculated via well-log information) to better estimate the top of the basement morphology. This interpretation strategy better delineated the presalt sedimentary section and the complex structural framework with two asymmetric grabens bounded by a prominent horst, interpreted as a migration focusing high in the BM-C-33 area. In addition, our findings show that obtaining clear images remains challenging even after extensive processing of the seismic data set. We suggest that seismic node acquisition with ultralong offsets and multiazimuthal illumination and then carefully processing the data is required to accurately reveal the area’s prerift section and basement morphology under study.

Decreasing the Uncertainty in the Comparison of Molecular Fingerprints of Organic Aerosols with H/D Exchange Mass Spectrometry.

High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become an indispensable tool in the characterization of organic aerosols (OA) providing information on air quality, health assessment, climate trends, reactions, and source apportionment. Spectra-derived lists of formulas and their relative abundances are used to compare ambient OA from different sources or to monitor secondary OA formation under controlled laboratory conditions in smog chamber experiments. Various techniques are implemented to visualize common and unique features, series of precursors, and products. The disadvantage of this conventional approach is in associating elemental compositions to specific compounds, while due to several analytical limitations, the structural information remains hidden. We argue that some of the conclusions derived from this data analysis can be misleading. In this study, we applied in-ESI source H/D exchange (HDX), which facilitated enumeration of labile protons in molecules behind elemental compositions of OA. We applied this technique to compare OA from three different locations representing urban, forest, and marine environments and to examine tentative chemical information derived from Kendrick mass defect (KMD) series analysis. Significant discrepancies were found between numbers of labile protons in protogenic functional groups and the stoichiometry of chemical reactions, which are associated with KMD series. Only a portion of chemical pairs matched target stoichiometries, which highlights the existing limitations in environmental applications of conventional formula-based HRMS data interpretation strategies.

Optimizing Multiparametric MRI Protocols for Prostate Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Assessment Aligned with PI-RADS Guidelines.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is recognized as the most indicative method for diagnosing prostate cancer. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive evaluation aligned with the Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System (PI-RADS) guidelines, offering an in-depth insight into the various MRI sequences used in a standard mpMRI protocol. Additionally, it outlines the critical technical requirements necessary to perform a standard mpMRI examination of the prostate, as defined by the PI-RADS specifications. European Society of Urogenital Radiology has released PI-RADS guideline detailing its suggestions aimed at improving the standards of the procedure. The purpose of this guideline is to establish a standard strategy for MRI protocols and image interpretation, aiming to prevent variability in each of the imaging and interpretation stages. A standard mpMRI protocol comprises morphological sequences and functional sequences. Morphological sequences which encompass T1- and T2-weighted images, and various functional sequences include diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. The PI-RADS recommendations assert that having a standard and uniform protocol for all MRI centers is imperative. Furthermore, the existence of a standardized checklist for interpreting MRI images can foster greater consensus in the process of diagnosing and treating patients. Standardized protocols and checklists for mpMRI interpretation are essential for achieving greater consensus among radiologists, ultimately leading to improved diagnostic outcomes in prostate cancer.

Orientale Basin as a Guide for Identifying Lunar Basin Datable Impact Melt and Assessing Impact Melt Differentiation

Two fundamental questions face lunar scientists: (1) What is the absolute age of each lunar impact basin and thus the early impact flux curve? (2) To what degree did basin impact melt seas undergo differentiation? We compiled a 1:200,000-scale geological map of the lunar Orientale basin, focusing on identifying the most widespread and accessible occurrences of impact melt deposits from the basin-forming impact to help guide sample-return missions to Orientale and especially to other undated lunar basins using the identification and interpretation strategies for Orientale. We assess the size of craters excavating through basalt cap rock that may have exhumed datable basin impact melt, and we assess the possibility of impact melt sampling and melt differentiation for the large complex crater Maunder. We also provide guidance for distinguishing impact melt produced by larger complex craters from excavated basin melt and determining whether such craters may have also sampled through the entire melt deposit. Our analysis finds six such sites that are predicted to have the same age—that of the Orientale-forming event—and provides guidance for assessing possible melt differentiation. Future missions could collect samples from these sites for in situ age dating and petrologic assessment and/or for return to Earth and subsequent age dating and analysis. By sampling and dating impact melt of known provenance from the Moon’s dozens of large basins, future work can anchor the chronostratigraphy of the Moon’s formative years. Such information could be scaled to infer Earth’s large impactor flux around the time of life’s first emergence.

The social ledger: qualitatively decoding interaction-driven investment decisions among Indian investors and fund managers

Purpose This study aims to investigate the antecedents of social interaction among Indian retail investors and fund managers to understand how these factors influence investment decisions. By identifying and examining these antecedents, the study aims to shed light on the social dynamics that shape investment behavior in the Indian financial market. Design/methodology/approach The researchers have mainly adopted an interpretive strategy for the present study. Qualitative data elicited through semistructured interviews with six retail investors and two fund managers were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. Findings Our research found several factors that make Indian retail investors and fund managers connect and make financial decisions. Peers can improve a person’s investing performance through social facilitation, and discussing investment suggestions and lessons learned can affect a group’s investment behavior. Social norms also influenced investors’ financial decisions, demonstrating compliance. Investor closeness increased information sharing. Finally, the fear of missing out (FOMO), a psychological phenomenon where people fear missing out on rewarding experiences, encouraged social engagement as investors sought appealing prospects. Research limitations/implications The researchers interviewed eight carefully selected interviewees across the divide between retail investors and fund managers. Adopting other grouping criteria, conducting a focus group discussion with more respondents or adopting a mixed-methods approach may increase our understanding of the investment decision behaviors of Indian retail investors and fund managers. Practical implications The findings have far-reaching consequences, from deepening our knowledge of investors’ motivations and actions to directing individual savers, informing the development of financial literacy initiatives, influencing fund management practices and inspiring additional research in this study area. Originality/value This research, including retail investors and fund managers, significantly contributes to the literature on investment decisions and behavioral finance, particularly in the context of Indian investors and managers. This study’s unique perspective and comprehensive approach make it a valuable addition to the field, sparking interest and further exploration among academics, practitioners and investors alike.

INTERPRETING POLITICAL DISCOURSE: SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION ANALYSIS OF DONALD TRUMP’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS FROM ENGLISH TO RUSSIAN

naugural speeches are significant public addresses delivered by newly elected leaders during their swearing-in ceremonies. These speeches typically outline the leader's vision, goals, and policy priorities for their term in office.This study delves into the intricate realm of simultaneous interpretation, focusing on the interpretation challenges and strategies employed during the interpretation of Donald Trump's Inaugural Address from English to Russian. The aim of the article is to identify the strategies utilized by simultaneous interpreters during the interpretation of Donald Trump's inaugural speech from English to Russian, and to conduct a comparative analysis between the translated version and the original text.To analyze simultaneous interpretation, we relied on an official interpretation by skilled interpreters. When conducting a translation comparative analysis, we relied on the classification of V.M. Ilyukhin. Analysis methods encompass theoretical material review, descriptive analysis, a comparative examination of thesource andtarget texts, andtranslation analysis.Theanalysis highlights theuseof various interpretation strategies, with a particular emphasis on thecompression strategy, indicating theintricate nature of interpreting political discourse. Theprevalence of thecompression strategy suggests interpreters' adaptation to therapid pace of speech common in English-speaking political contexts. Thecompression strategy is recognized as a vital tool in theinterpreter's toolkit, falling into thecategory of techniques that interpreters should employ.The theoretical significance of this study lies in revealing the strategies used by simultaneous interpreters in the context of Donald Trump's speech, which contributes to understanding the peculiarities of translating political speechesin the international arena.The practical importance of this study lies in offering guidance and practical skills for translators who deal with political speeches, which helps to improve the quality and adequacy of translation in such contexts.

Implications of the 2022 lung function update and GLI global reference equations among patients with interstitial lung disease

BackgroundLung function testing remains a cornerstone in the assessment and management of interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients. The clinical implications of the Global Lung function Initiative (GLI) reference equations and...

Interpreting Mk 5: 25–34 in Solidarity with Women Who Have Experienced Pregnancy Loss

This essay offers an interpretation of Mk 5: 25–34 by drawing upon historical-critical, feminist, and postcolonial interpretive strategies. The ambiguity within the text opens up a range of possible meanings. In the Markan account, Jesus responds to the bleeding woman by bleeding power; creating space for her to tell her story without shame or blame; and blessing her so that she can go in peace. I argue that this three-fold response could reframe the church’s approach to solidarity with women who have experienced reproductive loss, inclusive of abortion.

The Association between Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry and Depression: Results from a Prospective Population-Based Study

Introduction: The relationship between preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) and depression remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the bidirectional relationship between PRISm and depression using data from a national cohort. Methods: Data from wave 2 (2004–2005) to wave 4 (2008–2009) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) were analyzed. Lung function and depressive symptoms were measured at baseline and follow-up. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of PRISm with depression (study 1) and depression with PRISm (study 2). Results: Studies 1 and 2 included 2,934 and 2,277 participants, respectively. The follow-up period extended from wave 2 to wave 4. In univariate analyses, a bidirectional association between PRISm and depression was observed, with unadjusted HRs of 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.99; p = 0.007) in study 1 and 1.69 (95% CI, 1.13–2.52; p = 0.010) in study 2. However, in multivariable Cox models, baseline PRISm was not associated with subsequent depression development (adjusted HR 1.26; 95% CI, 0.94–1.69; p = 0.128). Conversely, participants with depression had a significantly higher risk of developing PRISm compared to those without depression (adjusted HR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.03–2.32; p = 0.038). These findings were consistent with z-score-based interpretive strategies, with an adjusted HR of 1.30 (95% CI, 0.95–1.77; p = 0.105) in study 1 and 1.59 (95% CI, 1.03–2.47; p = 0.038) in study 2. Conclusions: Depression was associated with an increased risk of developing PRISm, whereas PRISm did not increase the risk of developing depression. Physicians should be vigilant for potential PRISm development in patients with depression.

Explainable profit-driven hotel booking cancellation prediction based on heterogeneous stacking-based ensemble classification

The goal of hotel booking cancellation prediction in the hospitality industry is to identify potential cancellations from a large customer base and improve the efficiency of customer retention and capacity management efforts. Whilst prior research has shown that the predictive performance of hotel booking cancellation prediction can be further enhanced by integrating multiple classifiers, the explainability of such models is limited due to low interpretability and limited alignment with company goals. To address this limitation, we propose a novel heterogeneous linear stacking ensemble classifier for profit-driven hotel booking cancellation prediction. It enhances classifier explainability by (1) making models more accountable by axing model training towards profitability and (2) complementing models by global post-hoc model interpretation strategies. Through experiments based on real-world datasets, our proposed classification framework is demonstrated to lead to greater profits than other profit-oriented predictive models. Moreover, an in-depth interpretability analysis demonstrates the framework's ability to identify critical factors significantly impacting hotel cancellations, providing valuable insights for retention campaigns.

A comparative study on the transcultural (re-)reception of The Untamed and its queerness with Chinese characteristics

Abstract Drawing on Stanley Fish’s concept of interpretive communities, this article explores the various transcultural interpretations of queer opacity, a Chinese variant of queerness within dan’gai web series. This study reveals that while viewers employ a shared interpretive strategy of queer reading to identify queer opacity, the effect of queer interpretation is contingent upon the queer interpretive subcommunities’ familiarity with Chinese culture. Moreover, different cultures possess sub-strategies of queer reading: visibility reading is often practiced in the global northwest to initiate visibility politics in society, while opacity reading is used in the global southeast in an unconfrontational manner within fictional worlds. By examining a layered interpretive phenomenon that involves transcultural reaction videos towards the Chinese dan’gai web series The Untamed (TU), alongside the danmu from Chinese viewers on these videos, this study contributes to scholarship on transcultural queerness through the lenses of queer opacity and transcultural reader reception.

From Cultural Context to Tourist Routes: A GIS-Based Approach to Enhancing Interpretive Strategies by Tour Guides

From Cultural Context to Tourist Routes: A GIS-Based Approach to Enhancing Interpretive Strategies by Tour Guides

Breaking the Fourth Wall and (Meta)Fictional Reference

Abstract I investigate statements in fiction that ‘break the fourth wall’ (i.e. statements through which a fictional character somehow acknowledges the fictionality of their world) and suggest that they are a mirror image of ‘parafictional statements’—that is, reports on what is true in some fiction. I explore two possible analyses, according to which statements that break the fourth wall are either a type of fictional statement, or are a type of metafictional statement, and propose a synthesis of these two analyses. I discuss how the proposed analysis relates to different interpretative strategies for dealing with inconsistency in fiction and discuss several potential counterexamples to the proposed analysis.

Updated national guidelines for spirometry. Part 3. Conducting and evaluating the results of bronchodilatation test. Features of spirometry in children

In the third part of the article, the bronchodilation tests methodology was considered: indications, contraindications, test procedure, interpretation. The methods of the bronchodilatory response assessing were considered, the differences between modern Russian recommendations and ERS/ATS interpretive strategies the bronchodilatory response assessing were shown. The specifics of the test procedure and evaluation of bronchodilation tests in children were described separately

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGY THAT ENSURES THE EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS

The theoretical underpinnings of the evaluation technology that guarantees pupils' academic success are reflected in the paper. All forms of assessments, whether carried out in a classroom or outside of it, are predicated on a number of philosophical and scientific tenets. Every assessment, regardless of its intent or setting, is built around three primary components: tasks that enable students to demonstrate their knowledge and develop subject-related competencies, and interpretive strategies for deriving inferences from the performance evidence gathered. Alternatively, any assessment is built around three interconnected components or pillars: the cognitive characteristics of educational accomplishment that need to be evaluated, the activities that are utilized to gather data about student achievement (observation), and the techniques employed to evaluate the data that is gathered from the tasks.

Designing interpretable deep learning applications for functional genomics: a quantitative analysis.

Deep learning applications have had a profound impact on many scientific fields, including functional genomics. Deep learning models can learn complex interactions between and within omics data; however, interpreting and explaining these models can be challenging. Interpretability is essential not only to help progress our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying traits and diseases but also for establishing trust in these model's efficacy for healthcare applications. Recognizing this importance, recent years have seen the development of numerous diverse interpretability strategies, making it increasingly difficult to navigate the field. In this review, we present a quantitative analysis of the challenges arising when designing interpretable deep learning solutions in functional genomics. We explore design choices related to the characteristics of genomics data, the neural network architectures applied, and strategies for interpretation. By quantifying the current state of the field with a predefined set of criteria, we find the most frequent solutions, highlight exceptional examples, and identify unexplored opportunities for developing interpretable deep learning models in genomics.

Diversity of post-translational modifications and cell signaling revealed by single cell and single organelle mass spectrometry

The rapid evolution of mass spectrometry-based single-cell proteomics now enables the cataloging of several thousand proteins from single cells. We investigated whether we could discover cellular heterogeneity beyond proteome, encompassing post-translational modifications (PTM), protein-protein interaction, and variants. By optimizing the mass spectrometry data interpretation strategy to enable the detection of PTMs and variants, we have generated a high-definition dataset of single-cell and nuclear proteomic-states. The data demonstrate the heterogeneity of cell-states and signaling dependencies at the single-cell level and reveal epigenetic drug-induced changes in single nuclei. This approach enables the exploration of previously uncharted single-cell and organellar proteomes revealing molecular characteristics that are inaccessible through RNA profiling.

Guides’ Interpretive Techniques in Cocreation Combined with the Experience Broker Theory

In tourism, cocreation is a bilateral relationship between tourists and tourism providers to enhance tourists’ experiences. In this sense, tour guides as tourism providers cocreate experiences and play an essential role in tourists’ encounters through heritage interpretation. Among tourism providers, tour guides, through guided tours, can be considered a facilitator and a mediator of cocreative experiences. Therefore, this study explores ways to offer cocreative heritage tourism experiences through interpretation, highlighting their function as brokers within the framework of Weiler and Black’s Experience Broker Theory. The methodology employed combined in-depth semi-structured interviews with 10 tour guides, and direct observation of 10 guided tours at the Royal Mosque of Isfahan. The study underscores the role of tour guides in creating a profound spiritual experience for tourists. This research demonstrates the importance of tailored interpretive strategies in enhancing tourists’ cognitive and emotional experiences, reinforcing the guides’ role as empathy brokers within the cocreation paradigm. Tour guides progressed through stages of brokering, from accommodating cultural backgrounds to explaining rituals and mystical concepts, culminating in a profound empathetic experience during the call to prayer. This process allowed tourists to deeply connect with the cultural and spiritual elements of the tour.

Saudi Interpreters’ Adaptive Cognitive Strategic Behaviors in Consecutive Interpretation

This study investigates the adaptive cognitive strategies used by Saudi interpreters in consecutive interpretation (CI) guided by Gile’s (2009) Effort Models. Using a structured questionnaire, insights were gathered from 102 Saudi interpreters, divided into undergraduate students and professional interpreters with varying levels of experience. The research focuses on how interpreters manage the selection of interpretation strategies across four phases of CI: listening, note-taking, note-decoding, and reformulating. Notable findings include the contrast between experienced professionals, who seldom rely on common sense, omitting, or paraphrasing, and trainees, who employ these strategies more frequently in response to unfamiliar topics. Professionals, regardless of experience, effectively use paraphrasing when faced with numerical complexities. When dealing with fast-speaking speakers, experienced professionals avoid omitting content, while trainees rely on this strategy. In conclusion, to manage concentration during long speeches, trainees prioritize attention to the source speech and use selective omission, while experienced professionals gravitate toward generalizing and summarizing approaches. This research highlights the influence of experience on strategy choice, aligning with Jääskeläinen’s (1996) claim that experienced translators allocate more cognitive resources to production strategies than novices. A key recommendation of this study is the need for specialized training for novice interpreters, particularly in strategy development, to handle various CI process challenges. Training focused on enhancing note-taking skills is vital, especially for trainees, as clear and understandable notes are crucial for success in the note-decoding and reformulating stages of CI.