Interpretive Description Method Research Articles

Collaborative team approaches to supporting inclusion of children with disability in mainstream schools: A co-design study

BackgroundCollaborative consultation involving educational staff, allied health professionals and parents working towards goals for children with disability is considered best practice in inclusive education. However, challenges can hinder effective collaboration, thereby potentially limiting child outcomes. AimsThe study aims were to (a) explore the experiences of teachers, teacher assistants, allied health professionals, and parents engaging in collaborative teamwork to support inclusion of children with disability in mainstream primary schools, and (b) identify key factors influencing effective teamwork and the design of support strategies. Methods and proceduresA co-design research method emulated collaborative consultation and authentic stakeholder teamwork. Data were from a series of six co-design workshops (15 h); discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. An interpretive descriptive method of thematic analysis resulted in four key themes. Outcomes and resultsCritical factors that influenced collaborative teamwork were access to diagnosis and funding, mechanisms for team communications, practical ways of working together, and shared understandings of inclusion. Conclusions and implicationsStakeholder teams require effective communication mechanisms and practical ways of working together within and outside of classrooms. Shared understandings of inclusion provide a foundation for collaboration, requiring access to professional development to ensure teamwork is informed by best inclusive education practice.

Representasi Konflik Sosial dalam Novel Burung Kayu Karya Niduparas Erlang

As a homo conflicus creature, humans cannot avoid conflict. Conflict is a part of human life that inspire literary writer to write story. The novel Burung Kayu (Wood Bird, 2021) by Niduparas Erlang set in a region in Mentawai, North Sumatera, and expresses social conflicts that reflect the local situation. This article discusses three issues related to the novel, including (1) how is the structure of the novel Burung Kayu by Niduparas Erlang related to plot, characterization, and setting; (2) how is the representation of social conflict in Burung Kayu by Niduparas Erlang; (3) what is the meaning of the representation of social conflict in the novel Burung Kayu by Niduparas Erlang. The theory used is the theory of social conflict from the view of Lewis A. Coser, besides that, the theory of structure from the view of Stanton is used to examine the structure of the novel Burung Kayu. The data was collected using the literature study method with reading, listening, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis was carried out by interpretive descriptive method. Based on the analysis results of the novel Burung Kayu by Niduparas Erlang, it is built on conventional plots and flashbacks, the characterizations consist of main and complementary characters, then the setting is divided into place, time, atmosphere, and social. All of these elements are intertwined in the inter-element relationship and reflected social conflict of community where the story is set.
 

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Providers: Policy Implications for Pandemic Recovery.

Background:Notably higher rates of mental health issues have been reported among healthcare providers (HCPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerns over the impact of policy decisions on the well-being of HCPs is growing, yet it remains underexplored in the literature.Method:HCPs from a 301-bed mental health hospital and a 408-bed acute care community hospital, both located in central Ontario, participated in interviews (N = 30) and answered open-ended questionnaires (N = 88) to provide their experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic.Results:Using interpretive description methods, we found that public health policies and other strategies intended to mitigate COVID-19 transmission variably impacted HCP well-being and professional practice.Discussion:Pandemic-related policies contributed to HCP stress by changing the healthcare environment and clinical practice. Understanding HCP experiences is key for leaders, policy makers and health system planners to deal with the current state, recovery and preparation for future pandemics. Direct input into policy development, implementation and evaluation from HCPs may support their well-being.

Being a safe place: a qualitative study exploring perceptions as to how a rural community hospice could respond to enactment of voluntary assisted dying legislation

BackgroundThere is a lack of research to guide the implementation of voluntary assisted dying legislation within a hospice setting. Furthermore, there is limited published information related to the expectations of the community and staff to assist decision making regarding voluntary assisted dying in a community hospice. The aim of this study was to explore the expectations of staff, volunteers and members of the community as how a rural Australian community hospice could respond in relation to imminent enactment of Voluntary Assisted Dying legislation.MethodsA total of 63 Hospice staff and volunteers and community members participated in 11 workshops. This qualitative study used the interpretive description method to analyse the workshop transcripts.ResultsWhile there was not a consensus view on community expectation, there was agreement among the participants for respect for a patient’s individuality and choices. Furthermore, care offered in hospice needs to remain non-judgemental and patient focused regardless of whether voluntary assisted dying policy was implemented or not. Both opportunities and risks associated with implementation were identified by the participants.ConclusionThere was common ground around the respect for the dying person and the ideal of a “safe place” despite opposing views on what this may mean in practice. There is a need for clarity in organisational responses around policy, risk management, education, and staff support.

An unbelievable ordeal: The experiences of adult survivors treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

BackgroundExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a rescue treatment option for adult patients with severe cardiac dysfunction or respiratory failure. While short-term patient outcomes, such as in-hospital mortality and complications, have been widely described, little is known about the illness or recovery experience from the perspectives of survivors. Subjective reports of health are important indicators of the full, long-term impact of critical illness and treatment with ECMO on survivors’ lives. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe the experiences and needs of adults treated with ECMO, from onset of illness symptoms through the process of survivorship. MethodsThis study was guided by the qualitative method of interpretive description. We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with 16 adult survivors of ECMO who were treated at two participating regional ECMO centres in the northeast United States. Additional data were collected from demographic questionnaires, field notes, memos, and medical record review. Development of interview guides and data analysis were informed by the Family Management Style Framework. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis techniques. ResultsThe sample (n = 16) included 75% male participants; ages ranged from 23 to 65 years. Duration from hospital discharge to interviews ranged from 11 to 90 (M = 54; standard deviation = 28) months. Survivors progressed through three stages: Trauma and Vulnerability, Resiliency and Recovery, and Survivorship. Participants described short- and long-term impacts of the ECMO experience: all experienced physical challenges, two-thirds had at least one psychological or cognitive difficulty, and 25% were unable to return to work. All were deeply influenced by their own specific contexts, family support, and interactions with healthcare providers. ConclusionsThe ECMO experience is traumatic and complex. Recovery requires considerable time, perseverance, and support. Long-term sequelae include impairments in cognitive, mental, emotional, physical, and social health. Survivors could likely benefit from specialised posthospital health services that include integrated, comprehensive follow-up care.

Exploring community tuberculosis program in the pastoralist setting of Ethiopia: a qualitative study of community health workers\u2019 perspectives in Borena Zone, Oromia Region

BackgroundPastoralist community accounts for a significant portion of the population in Ethiopia. This community is different from majority of the country’s population. Access to TB prevention and control services is uneven in the country. The community TB program is designed to improve the access. Exploring the program performance from the perspectives of its implemters in a pastoral setting remains important.MethodWe conducted a qualitative study using an interpretive description method in the pastoralist community setting of Ethiopia. Study participants were recruited from geographically dispersed areas. We collected data through in-depth interview using semi-structured interview guides and audio recordings during February 01–30, 2020. The guides were developed in consultation with TB program experts and clinicians treating TB patients in the study area. Notes were taken at the interviews to enrich transcription of the data. Principal investigator conducted the interview. The subsequent interviews were informed by emerging ideas from forgoing interview transcriptions and continued until data saturation was achieved.ResultsOne hundred and fifty six codes, nine categories and three themes emanated. The first theme was inadequate community TB performance and some of its codes include inadequate presumptive TB case identification and compromised directly observed treatment short course service delivery. The second theme was factors contributing to the program performance. Community factors, lack of physical access to health facilities and indirect non-medical cost were some categories under this theme. The final theme was suggested solutions; and its categories include a need for active community involvement and modification of service delivery approaches.ConclusionsCommunity TB performance was inadequate in the pastoralist community. Multifaceted factors contributed to the inadequate program performance. Socioeconomic and access related factors were major contributers. Aligning the program to the context of the pastoralist community setting is required to improve the performance.

MOTIF TRADISI GAYA SURAKARTA Eksistensi Dan Pengembangannya Pada Ukir Kayu

The existence of a wealth of ornament in Nusantara is a challenge in terms of recognition and learning. One important element is that learning can be accepted and understood easily so that the empowerment and development of traditional motifs, especially the Surakarta style, will experience development. Traditional motifs come from classical art or primitive art, but after receiving certain treatments, their benefits are preserved to meet needs, especially in terms of aesthetic needs. One of the motifs that are often found is those applied to wood craft products (wood carvings). The wood carving motifs in Indonesia have a rich variety of styles. The various forms of carving motifs each have their own characteristics according to the region. Like the Surakarta style carving motif, which is the focus of this study, it is known to have a strong and distinctive character that is needed by a series of actions in the framework of its preservation and development. To recognize or learn the characteristics and application of Surakarta-style wood carving, it is necessary to have a mature and structured visual identification so that it is able to present good and correct information. The identification in this study uses the interpretive description method with the enrichment of the hermeneutic approach. This method approach is expected to find a result of the focus of the discussion, namely the characteristics of the Surakarta-style carving motifs applied by the craftsmen and discovering the grooves and patterns of new Surakarta-style carving motifs.

Interprofessional collaboration in home-based community care programs: A leadership imperative

Community Paramedic (CP) services are relatively new in home-based community care, and as these programs expand, there are additional opportunities for leadership in interprofessional and cross-sectoral collaboration. Understanding the unique contributions of each health care provider can ensure that a patient-centered approach remains forefront. This qualitative study included 33 participants representing nurses, physicians and CPs involved in home-based community care. Interviews explored attitudes, barriers and enablers to collaboration, role optimization and integration of paramedics into home-based community care and were analyzed with interpretive descriptive methods. Participants recognized the benefits of CP services and positive attitudes motivated them to engage in collaboration to support patient-centered care. Participants stated they require support and leadership to strengthen interprofessional collaboration and care coordination. Strategies such as the removal of silos, forging new networks of collaboration, interprofessional education, and changes in professional regulation for paramedics can support new roles and opportunities for nurses, paramedics and physicians in home-based community care.

MOTIF TRADISI GAYA SURAKARTA Eksistensi Dan Pengembangannya Pada Ukir Kayu

The existence of a wealth of ornament in Nusantara is a challenge in terms of recognition and learning. One important element is that learning can be accepted and understood easily so that the empowerment and development of traditional motifs, especially the Surakarta style, will experience development. Traditional motifs come from classical art or primitive art, but after receiving certain treatments, their benefits are preserved to meet needs, especially in terms of aesthetic needs.
 One of the motifs that are often found is those applied to wood craft products (wood carvings). The wood carving motifs in Indonesia have a rich variety of styles. The various forms of carving motifs each have their own characteristics according to the region. Like the Surakarta style carving motif, which is the focus of this study, it is known to have a strong and distinctive character that is needed by a series of actions in the framework of its preservation and development. To recognize or learn the characteristics and application of Surakarta-style wood carving, it is necessary to have a mature and structured visual identification so that it is able to present good and correct information. The identification in this study uses the interpretive description method with the enrichment of the hermeneutic approach. This method approach is expected to find a result of the focus of the discussion, namely the characteristics of the Surakarta-style carving motifs applied by the craftsmen and discovering the grooves and patterns of new Surakarta-style carving motifs.

MATERUNA NYOMAN INFORMAL EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING TERUNA CHARACTER IN TENGANAN PEGRINGSINGAN, KARANGASEM

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Education is an effort to produce quality of human resources. Formal and informal education are away of cultural inheritance to the younger generations therefore their cultural traditions can survive and develop in the midst of Indonesian society. One of the traditions that live in Bali with traditional education system is the <em>Materuna Nyoman</em> tradition. The <em>Materuna Nyoman</em> tradition is a series of ceremonies that has the aim of changing the status of teenage stage to adults stage according to custom. During the procession of a series of ceremonies is rich of meaningful education that form the character of adolescents into personal and responsible characters. <em>Materuna Nyoman</em> tradition needs to be educated to young leaners in Tenganan Pegringsingan to determine changes in the character of adolescents in <em>Materuna Nyoman</em>'s education. This study was a qualitative research with an ethnographic research approach. Data was collected using the observation method, interview method, literature method. Collected data was analyzed using the interpretive descriptive analysis method. The analysis was carried out during and after data collection. With the activity steps to reduce data, present data, and carry out verification to make conclusions. The results showed that: (1) the process of the <em>Nyoman Materuna</em> series, namely <em>Maajak-ajakan, Melali, Basen Pamit, Padewaraan</em> or <em>kagedong, Matamiang, Malegar, Ngintarang Katekung, Namiu Katamiu, Ngejot Gede, Ngetog, Katinggah</em>. The characters formed in the participants of <em>Materuna Nyoman</em> are responsible for themselves and the village environment.</p><p><strong>Keywords: <em>Materuna Nyoman Tradition, Education, Character.</em></strong></p>

Undergraduate students’ perspectives on the impact of a prison health course

Objective:The stigmatisation of incarceration has significant negative effects on the health and well-being of individuals and communities. At the University of British Columbia in Canada, an undergraduate course on prison health included instruction by people with lived experience of incarceration as part of a teaching approach aimed to reduce stigma. In this study, we sought to understand the impact of this course as described by students.Design:Qualitative interviews with students who completed the course in 2017 were conducted by another former student of the course. Interviews were transcribed and interpretive descriptive methods were used to elucidate findings.Results:Nine former students participated in the study, eight (89%) were women and the median age was 23 years. Analysis yielded the following themes: (1) learning from people with lived experience, (2) de-mystifying through knowledge and understanding, (3) broadened perspectives and self-reflection, (4) future choices and actions and (5) changing views on incarceration.Conclusion:Findings suggest that approaches to address stigma in teaching prison health in an undergraduate course provided students with a deepened understanding of health inequities and determinants of health; increased feelings of compassion and interest in health equity for populations impacted by incarceration; and fostered opportunities for reflection, critical thinking and broadened perspectives.

Resistance of the Petalangan Community in Mantaining of Local Wisdom in “Kemantan Muda Roh Belian”

people perceive the world, both identity, self-image and life value. For certain communities, the pressure of globalization through massive enlightenment by developed countries carrying globalization has actually marginalized local values that have been upheld so far. Local values that are seen wisely in various life problems are eroded by the pace of globalization, especially for the Petalangan community in Riau Province. The life of the Petalangan community is increasingly marginalized by the tumultuous process of development. People live wrapped in misery and poverty. As a writer, B.M. Syamsuddin tried to represent the social and cultural life of the Petalangan people in literary works. Through his short story entitled "Kemantan Muda Roh Belian", he criticized the sociocultural conditions and revealed the irregularities that occurred, especially in the lives of the people of Petalangan. Through the hermeneutic approach carried by Richard E. Palmer, the author interprets the socio-cultural criticism delivered by B.M. Syamsuddin in the short story "Belantan Muda Roh Belian". This criticism is shown through the form of resistance of the local community in maintaining local wisdom that they have inherited from generation to generation. By using an interpretive descriptive method, it can be found that the author raises the character of a kemantan (dukun) as a form of resistance in the Petalangan community in maintaining local wisdom. Thus, the presence of kemantan can be said as a resistance of the Petalangan community to strengthen their existence which frees the community from oppression.

How does Gender Influence Sustainable Return to Work Following Prolonged Work Disability? An Interpretive Description Study.

A sustainable return to work (S-RTW) following prolonged work disability poses different challenges, depending on gender. This article provides a synthesis of gender differences in the issues and factors influencing the S-RTW of workers following such a disability. Using an interpretive description method, an integrative review was conducted of the literature on gender differences in S-RTW issues and factors associated with four major causes of work disability. The initial review concerned the 2000-2016 literature; it was subsequently updated for November 2016-March 2020. To explore and contextualise the results, four focus groups were held with stakeholders representing the workplace, insurance, and healthcare systems and workers. Qualitative thematic analysis was performed. A total of 47 articles were reviewed, and 35 stakeholders participated in the focus groups. The prevailing traditional gender roles were found to have a major gender-specific influence on the attitudes, behaviours, processes and outcomes associated with S-RTW. These differences related to the (1) cumulative workload, (2) work engagement, and (3) expressed and addressed needs. The results highlight the importance of taking into account both professional and personal aspects when integrating gender issues into the assessment of workers' needs and subsequently into interventions.

Bali Traditional Architecture: Sustainability from the Perspective of Capital Concept

This study aims to reveal the sustainability of Balinese traditional residential architectural practices which are based on the provisions of traditional ethnic Balinese social stratification and refers to the capital ownership in Generative Structural Theory from Pierre Bourdieu (economic, cultural, social and symbolic). At present, there are dynamics ownership and capital conversion in the traditional social strata which affect the sustainability of traditional residential architecture practices. The traditional Balinese residential architecture in this study is understood to be the spatial layout and traditional residential buildings of the Middle Bali era. Its sustainability today is seen from the concept of capital in the perspective of Bourdieu’s theory. The basic assumption of Bourdieu’s theory is basically that humans are in the field of social struggle to emerge victorious by competing with one another. This study is a qualitative research with interpretative descriptive method. Primary data were obtained from selected informants (purposive) and from field observations, as well as secondary data from the literature. The study findings show that traditional residential architecture practices in the Middle Bali era were strongly influenced by capital ownership (economic, cultural, social, and symbolic) with various forms of conversion to traditional Balinese aristocratic (triwangsa). Development at this time has opened the opportunity to control various capital for ordinary community (jabawangsa), so that the realm of Balinese traditional housing becomes a medium of struggle as well as a symbol of success in social struggle. On the other hand, the contestation of Balinese traditional residential architectural practices is a sustainability in the arena of social struggle within Balinese society today.

Local Partners’ Perspectives on Health Student Service-Learning Placements in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Pilot Qualitative Study with Partners from Vietnam and Timor-Leste

Service-learning programs can provide clinical assistance in low-resourced settings while providing students with intercultural learning opportunities in diverse health contexts; local partners’ perspectives on international service-learning (ISL) programs are integral to ethical, effective and sustainable university-community partnerships; yet the perspectives of local partners remain under-represented in research. Interpretive description methods guided data collection and thematic analysis of qualitative responses from written questionnaires. Four local partners from Vietnam and Timor-Leste responded to questionnaires in this pilot project. Three themes were identified regarding benefits, underpinning factors for program effectiveness, and a further three themes related to desired improvements. According to local partners, benefits of ISL include skill and knowledge exchange, enhanced assessment and intervention strategies, and increased service quality. Communication and relationships were seen as underpinning factors of effective partnerships. Areas for further improvement included drawing more strongly on local partner strengths and perspectives, further collaborative preparation for the placements, and more regular communication. These preliminary findings align with existing research regarding benefits to local partners. Modelling effective practices, formal training and meetings, and ongoing case discussions may be some useful methods for achieving knowledge and skill exchange in ISL.

Characteristics of Kuta Bataguh in Kapuas, Central Kalimantan

Kuta Bataguh is administratively located in Bataguh and East Kapuas Districts, Kapuas Regency, Kalimantan Tengah. The research aims to reconstruct the characteristics of Kuta Bataguh. This research is using interpretive-descriptive method with the inductive reasoning. Data collection used surveys, excavations, interviews, and literature study. The analysis included environmental, stratigraphic, artifactual, spatial, and absolute dating analysis. Survey (surface and aerial) and excavation activities were carried out inside and outside the fence, both downstream and upstream of the Karinyau River. The results illustrate that the characteristics of Kuta Bataguh are a large permanent settlement that is split by a river. The fortified settlement of Kuta Bataguh was the leader residence of Ngaju community group (as the center of power). By referring to the pattern, function and extent of this settlement, it can be assumed that the local authorities in Bataguh are on par with early state in their socio-political organization.

Forgoing life sustaining treatment decision-making in critically ill children: Parental views and factor’s influence

Objective Explore parents’ point of view about forgoing life sustaining treatment (LST) in terminal critically ill children and factors affecting their decisions. Method This was a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with parents whose child died between 6–12 months old in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a university-affiliated teaching hospital. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Data were analyzed using interpretive description method. Result A total of 7 parents of 5 children decided to withhold or withdraw LST. Five parents from 4 children decided to sign the do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR), and none choose to withdrew the LST, including mechanical support. Factors influenced their decision were communication, value of children, child best interest, intuition, religious belief, and emotions. Economic factors did not influence the decision-making. Conclusion Most parents decided to sign the DNAR, none choose to withdrew mechanical support. Communication was the most important factor that influenced parents to make a forgoing LST decision.

Death acceptance from a Thai Buddhist perspective: A qualitative study.

To have more in-depth understanding of death acceptance among patients with terminal cancer in Thailand. A qualitative descriptive research approach was used to capture the perspectives of patients with terminal cancer about death acceptance. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the participants. A semi-structured interview guide was used during data collection to obtain in-depth interviews with 12 patients diagnosed with terminal cancer. An interpretive descriptive method was used for analyzing data. Analysis of the data for this study was conducted by the analytic team beginning at initial data collection. The findings of this study revealed six major themes relating to death acceptance: 1) perceiving death as a natural part of life; 2) perceiving that death cannot be controlled; 3) thinking that death can come at any time; 4) letting everything go before dying: finding a calmness; 5) additional Buddhist practices: clean living and making merit; and 6) additional means for attaining a peaceful death and peaceful life before death. Understanding death acceptance is important for nurses providing care for patients with terminal cancer in order to find strategies and support for patients to accept death and live peacefully with their family in the time they have left.

Perspectives about dignity during acute care for older people and their relatives: A qualitative study.

The aim of the study was to enhance understanding about dignified care from older peoples' and their carers' perspectives. The information will contribute to the development of a tool to measure older peoples' dignity during hospitalisation. Older people are a vulnerable cohort at risk of loss of dignity during acute hospitalisation arising from environmental, behavioural and patient factors. It is not clear how older people and their relatives define dignified care in acute care settings. An interpretative descriptive method was used. A purposive sample of older people (at least 65years) who had been hospitalised in acute care and subsequently transferred to sub-acute care, and their relatives, were invited to participate. The study was undertaken in one sub-acute ward in a regional healthcare organisation in Victoria, Australia. Individual interviews were audio-recorded then transcribed. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used to document reporting of the study. Individual interviews were conducted: 24 patients and 12 relatives. Three main themes were identified: "Involve me in decisions about my care and treatment," "Keep me safe when I am vulnerable" and "Treat me as an individual and with respect." Older people want to be involved in decisions about their care and treatment and to receive adequate, suitable information. They feel vulnerable during hospitalisation and want to feel safe when speaking up about concerns. Individual acknowledgement is an important aspect of dignity. Older people and their relatives identified specific elements of care that uphold or threaten dignity during acute hospitalisation. Nurses play a major role in upholding dignity for older people in hospital. Clinicians may benefit from systematic dignity-related training. Specific strategies to enhance older persons' dignity, including communication skills training and continence management need to be developed, implemented and evaluated.

Getting motivated: long-term perspectives on engaging in community-based programs after acquired brain injury

ABSTRACT Background Low motivation is a common problem after acquired brain injury (ABI) and can persist for years after injury. Little is known, however, about perspectives of motivation with respect to engaging in the community, many years after ABI. Purpose To explore the client with ABI perspective of motivation and engagement in individuals based in community ABI programs. Method Interpretive description methods were utilized. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 individuals with an ABI. Findings Participants felt that both internal factors, such as feelings of hope, and external factors, such as social support, influence levels of motivation to engage. When positive internal and external motivators were enhanced, and negative internal and external motivators reduced, this gave rise to a sense of choice and control, which led to increased engagement. Implications Fostering positive aspects of rehabilitation and increasing choice and control may promote engagement. External motivators, such as reducing repetitiveness and promoting peer support, are motivators that community and clinical settings can implement relatively easily, whilst internal motivators such as attitudes toward therapy may need to be addressed continuously to enhance motivation and engagement.