Interpretation Of Tests Research Articles

Analisis Kelayakan Tanah Dasar Sebagai Subgrade Jalan Ditinjau Dari Kualitas Daya Dukung Tanah (Studi Kasus Ruas Jalan Anggrek Kota Kupang)

An area's function changes as a result of development, which is followed by an increase in vehicle traffic but not enough road capacity. This causes the road to break down quickly because the carrying capacity of the soil isn't strong enough to handle the volume of vehicles crossing it. The road construction will quickly suffer damage if the subgrade has a low carrying capacity. The current damage to the Anggrek road makes driving uncomfortable from a visual perspective. The road section was damaged, according to field observations, with crocodile skin cracks, longitudinal cracks, subsidence, furrows, and potholes. Based on laboratory tests, the purpose of this study was to examine the damage to the Anggrek road caused by the quality of the soil's carrying capacity. The quantitative analysis and interpretation of the soil test result data is the research method. The analysis reveals that the subgrade soil on the Anggrek road in Kupang City is of the fine-grained organic clay type and has moderate to high plasticity. It is also easily influenced by water and the season or weather, so the water content can easily rise or fall. It is also easy to change the volume of soil content depending on the water content. The CBR value of the soil is low, and it does not meet the requirements outlined in the BM Specifications 2018 Rev 2 of 2020. The assessment

Investigation of piezocone dissipation test interpretation in clay accounting for vertical and horizontal porewater pressure dissipation with a large deformation axisymmetric penetration model

Investigation of piezocone dissipation test interpretation in clay accounting for vertical and horizontal porewater pressure dissipation with a large deformation axisymmetric penetration model

THE EFFECT OF ABA ENGLISH APPLICATION ON THE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY AT THE EIGHTH GRADE OF MTs SWASTA AL KHOIR MANANTI PADANG LAWAS

The aim of this study is to answer the following questions: when they taught with the ABA English Application without the ABA English Application, the students' report cards in vocabulary mastery are better. The subjects in this study were 25 students of Class VIII-B MTs Swasta Al-Khoir Mananti Padang Lawas. The results revealed that: ABA English Application shows that in test implementation, particularly in vocabulary mastery, the use of applications in learning can produce good scores. It can be seen from the grades of the students. The assessment of test outcomes focuses on the learners' vocabulary mastery of the students. The assessment of test results is focused on students’ vocabulary mastery in the learners. The normality and homogeneity test was used for the interpretation of the requirements test, while the t-test formula was used for data analysis.The authors continued after the data was analyzed; (1) The learning outcomes of students’ understanding of new vocabulary using the ABA English application reached 80.24 and a standard deviation of 7.102. (2) The learning outcomes of students' understanding of new vocabulary obtained did not use the 68.4 application and the standard deviation of 6,244 t test values were 167.72 and ttable 1.708. So, the ttest is higher than the ttable. So that, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) proposed is accepted and zero (Ho) is rejected. This means that both the use of the ABA English Application for student achievement in mastering new vocabulary based on the results of this study, the suggestion is that the ABA English application can be used as an alternative medium in learning to vocabulary mastery.

A data‐driven topsoil classification framework to support soil health assessment in Minnesota

AbstractSoil health assessments aim to quantify soil health status using indicators linked to ecosystem services such as yield, nutrient cycling, water cycling, or carbon storage. Many indicators are related to soil biological processes, which can be challenging to interpret because they are sensitive not only to management, but also to nonmanagement variables such as soil inherent properties, topography, and climate. Existing studies address this challenge by grouping similar soils by taxonomy, geography, or a combination of these and other variables for soil health assessment. We investigated whether grouping soils based on multiple quantitative topsoil properties could be an alternative to taxonomic or geographic groups. We used an unsupervised classification algorithm, k‐means, to cluster publicly available soil and climate data for Minnesota. Clustering into eight conceptual groups (“clusters”) based on 10 topsoil properties was determined to be the optimal algorithm output. We evaluated the ability of our soil clusters and other grouping methods to explain variance in eight soil health indicators. We found the combination of Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) and soil cluster performed best, explaining as much or more variance than other groupings for five of the eight indicators. The clusters distinguish zones of topsoil variation at the field scale, and MLRAs account for broader scale variation in climate and other landscape factors. The approach we describe is flexible and could be applied at different locations and scales to produce conceptual soil groups and associated maps to support soil health test sampling and interpretation at the field scale.

Race-Neutral Equations and Pulmonary Function Test Interpretation in Two Pediatric Cohorts

ObjectivesTo investigate the changes in predicted lung function measurements when using race-neutral equations in children, based upon the new Global Lung Initiative (GLI) reference equations utilizing a race-neutral approach in interpreting spirometry results compared with the 2012 race-specific GLI equations. Study designWe analyzed data from two multicenter prospective cohorts comprised of healthy children and children with history of severe (requiring hospitalization) bronchiolitis. Spirometry testing was done at the 6-year physical exam and 677 tests were analyzed using new GLI Global and 2012 GLI equations. We used multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for age, height, and sex, to examine the association of race with the development of new impairment or increased severity (FEV1 z-score≤-1.645) as per 2022 ATS guidelines. ResultsCompared with the race-specific GLI, the race-neutral equation yielded increases in the median FEV1 and FVC percent predicted in White children but decreases in these two measures in Black children. The prevalence of obstruction increased in White children by 21% and the prevalence of possible restriction increased in Black children by 222%. Compared with White race, Black race was associated with increased prevalence of new impairments (aOR 7.59; 95%CI, 3.00-19.67; p<0.001) and increased severity (aOR 35.40; 95%CI, 4.70-266.40; p=0.001). Results were similar across both cohorts. ConclusionsAs there are no biological justifications for the inclusion of race in spirometry interpretation, use of race-neutral spirometry reference equations led to an increase in both the prevalence and severity of respiratory impairments among Black children.

Comparison of The Results of Sponsored Genetic Testing Panels for Inherited Retinal Diseases.

Background/Objectives: Gene therapy's emergence has made molecular diagnosis for inherited retinal diseases clinically significant. Free genetic testing panels have improved testing access in clinical practice, yet the interpretation of results, especially variants of unknown significance (VUS), remains challenging and requires expertise. This study shares our experience in utilizing sponsored IRD panel tests by Invitae and Blueprint Genetics (BG), reporting their positivity rates, and comparing their reclassification of variants through amendments. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed genetic test reports from patients who underwent testing via Invitae or BG panels. A positive test was determined if there was a pathogenic mutation in an autosomal dominant gene, two pathogenic mutations in an autosomal recessive gene, or a pathogenic mutation in an X-linked gene in a male patient. Results: The testing positivity rates were 34.9% for Invitae (n = 109) and 42.1% for BG (n = 107). Invitae had more pathogenic variants per report (0.87 vs. 0.58 variants, p = 0.0038) and issued more amendments than BG (0.54 vs. 0.03 amendments; p < 0.01). Of the Invitae variant classification changes, 66.2% switched a VUS to benign. In the BG group, 75% of variant reclassifications changed a VUS to pathogenic. As a result of the Invitae amendments, 88% did not change the overall report result. Conclusions: While free-of-charge genetic testing panels offer valuable insights for diagnosing IRD, limitations such as low diagnostic yield and variant classification discrepancies persist between Invitae and BG. VUS should not be considered pathogenic in the clinical decision-making process. Careful interpretation of genetic testing is required.

Assessment of two recent hot dry rock thermal energy production projects

In this paper, we present analyses of laboratory and field data indicating that the current two-well, injection-production system, connected with multiple hydraulic fractures, is a very promising method for extracting heat from hot dry rock (HDR) systems to generate electricity. The current two-well system could be expanded to a three-well system consisting of one injection well and two symmetric producing wells connected via the central hydraulic fracture emanating from the injection well. To improve a uniform distribution of the injected fluid among all hydraulic fracture stages in the injection well, we advocate for field implementation of a newly designed well stimulation technique, the GeoThermOPTIMAL.We first present an analysis of the post-fracturing flow data obtained from an HDR geothermal injection well at the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) research field site. The site is adjacent to the Roosevelt hydrothermal (HT) field. The objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of well stimulation in extracting heat from the low-permeability, hot dry granitoid rock in the Utah FORGE research site. The study includes interpreting pressure falloff data obtained during the well stimulation process and employing laboratory-measured core data as a major input in the interpretation of the field falloff data. As a confirmation of the robustness of our analysis in Utah FORGE, we reviewed and analyzed the flow test results published for an injection-production doublet at the Blue Mountain EGS (Project Red) commercial site in Nevada. From the analyses of these two field tests, we have concluded that the interpretation and findings of the Blue Mountain EGS pilot test are consistent with the interpretation and findings from the Utah FORGE field research project test results.In summary, our engineering assessments began with laboratory experiments conducted on various core samples, including those from a granite outcrop and the Utah FORGE geothermal reservoir. These experiments aimed to measure key parameters such as matrix and fracture permeabilities, and porosities (km≈10−18m2, kf,eff≈10−15m2,ϕm≈10−1,andϕf≈10−4). These data served as guides and inputs for analytical and numerical solutions used to match the field pressure response of the geothermal wells. While we did not have core samples from the Blue Mountain EGS wells, we successfully applied the Utah FORGE analysis approach to the Blue Mountain site with cautious optimism.

Developing a Dyslexia Diagnostic Team: A Feasibility Project

Purpose: Dyslexia, a neurobiological phonological processing deficit, can be identified early; however, there is a substantial variation between and within states regarding who makes this diagnosis and when. Dyslexia evaluations are often challenging to obtain and very expensive for families who need to seek them outside of the school setting. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of developing a free dyslexia diagnostic team within our university speech and hearing clinic. Method: We developed a team of academic and clinical faculty and students at the doctoral, master's, and undergraduate levels. We developed a 6-hr (1 day) testing battery and recruited families via social media. Children needed to be between the ages of 8 and 11 years and reported to have classroom difficulty related to word reading and/or spelling. Results: We were able to create a strong and successful team, testing battery, and recruitment plan. Master's students were interested in the opportunity and families drove between 246 and 453 miles to participate. We allocated enough time in our summer schedule for all parties. However, we have concerns about the sustainability of this program, especially during the academic year. Conclusions: Broadly, this dyslexia diagnostic team is a feasible endeavor. There was internal and external community interest. We identified small and solvable barriers related to debriefing and test interpretation. We also identified larger issues related to funding, faculty availability, and student support.

PREVALENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Even in affluent nations, IDA is still a significant public health issue, particularly for young children and women who are ready to have children. Aims: This systematic review is to review the treatment and prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in children. Methods: This study demonstrated compliance with all requirements by means of a comparison with the standards established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020. Thus, the specialists were able to guarantee that the research was as current as feasible. Publications released between 2014 and 2024 were considered for this search strategy. This was accomplished by utilizing a number of distinct online reference sites, including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and SagePub. It was determined that reviews, previously published works, and partially completed works would not be included. Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 353 articles, whereas the results of our search on SCIENCE DIRECT brought up 8.865 articles, our search on SAGEPUB brought up 3.269 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 184 articles for PubMed, 4.071 articles for SCIENCE DIRECT and 1.144 articles for SAGEPUB. In the end, we compiled a total of 5 papers, 3 of which came from PubMed, 1 of which came from SCIENCE DIRECT and 1 of which came from SAGEPUB. We included five research that met the criteria. Conclusion: In summary, with its haematological repercussions of anemia, IDA is a prevalent and significant children health concern. To assess the effects of IDA on immunity and neurocognition, additional research is necessary. The key to successfully treating children with IDA is early identification and diagnosis of the condition together with competent interpretation of laboratory tests.

An extended graphical solution for undrained cylindrical cavity expansion in K0‐consolidated Mohr–Coulomb soil

AbstractThis paper develops a general and complete solution for the undrained cylindrical cavity expansion problem in nonassociated Mohr‐Coulomb soil under nonhydrostatic initial stress field (i.e., arbitrary values of the earth pressure coefficient), by expanding a unique and efficient graphical solution procedure recently proposed by Chen and Wang in 2022 for the special in situ stress case with . It is interesting to find that the cavity expansion deviatoric stress path is always composed of a series of piecewise straight lines, for all different case scenarios of K0 being involved. When the cavity is sufficiently expanded, the stress path will eventually end, exclusively, in a major sextant with Lode angle θ in between and or on the specific line of . The salient advantage/feature of the present general graphical approach lies in that it can deduce the cavity expansion responses in full closed form, nevertheless being free of the limitation of the intermediacy assumption for the vertical stress and of the difficulty existing in the traditional zoning method that involves cumbersome, sequential determination of distinct Mohr–Coulomb plastic regions. Some typical results for the desired cavity expansion curves and the limit cavity pressure are presented, to investigate the impacts of soil plasticity parameters and the earth pressure coefficient on the cavity responses. The proposed graphical method/solution will be of great value for the interpretation of pressuremeter tests in cohesive‐frictional soils.

Interpretation of coagulation laboratory tests for patients on ECMO.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a type of circulatory life support for patients with severe lung failure. The use of ECMO has increased worldwide since the pandemic of H1N1 in 2009 and more recently SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 both of which caused severe respiratory failure. ECMO patients experience both increased risk of bleeding and thrombosis. This is due to the pathological insult that damages the lungs, the ECMO circuit, coagulopathy, inflammation and anticoagulation. ECMO presents unique demands on the coagulation laboratory both in tests required to manage the patients and result interpretation. This is a personal opinion of 20 years ECMO experience as a clinical scientist and a short current review of the literature. It will focus on the laboratory coagulation tests used to manage ECMO patients, including different anticoagulants used, testing frequency and interpretation of the results.

Численно-аналитическая модель для интерпретации результатов индикаторных исследований нефтяных пластов: решение прямой задачи при наличии каналов низкого фильтрационного сопротивления

The article considers the problem of interpretation of tracer tests in oil reservoirs, into which a specific chemical substance - tracer - is injected via an injection well for flow monitoring and tracer concentration measurements in surrounding production wells. The testing data provide evidence of the existence of low resistance channels in the reservoirs, along which the tracer moves at velocities several orders of magnitude higher than in the reservoir. The nature and properties of these channels are unknown, and a semi-analytical model involving two small parameters is proposed to solve this problem. This makes it possible to construct two non-conjugate solutions: universal numerical and analytical. Such an approach allows us to solve both direct and inverse problems. The present article is devoted to solving the direct problem. The problem of pressure distribution in a rectangular reservoir pattern is solved in dimensionless coordinates and is universal, i.e., it does not depend on the size of the area and the pressure drop. This solution is approximated by power functions and is further used to determine the mass transfer between channel and reservoir. The problem of tracer slug propagation through the channel obeys the law of conservation of tracer mass and Darcy's law. Its solution is found by the methods of characteristics under the condition of smallness of the parameter reflecting the ratio of reservoir permeability to channel permeability. The results of the semi-analytical solution are compared with the numerical solutions previously obtained by other authors. The fundamental difference between these solutions is the presence of numerical diffusion when using the finite-difference method of solution, which leads to the «dissipation» of the trace slug edges.

Assistance of analytical ferrography in the interpretation of wear test results carried out with biolubricants

Analytical ferrography plays a crucial role in predictive maintenance, which is a proactive approach to asset and equipment management. This technique provides valuable information about the internal condition of machines and components, allowing early identification of potential problems and the scheduling of maintenance interventions before catastrophic failures occur. Ferrography allows you to identify worn particles, non-metallic inclusions and other indicators of wear on components. By analyzing samples of lubricating oil or hydraulic fluid, analytical ferrography can offer insights into the health of internal components such as gears, bearings and other critical elements. Changes in particle concentration and composition may indicate abnormal wear. This work involves the use of analytical ferrography to interpret wear results carried out with two vegetable lubricants with additives, compared to a mineral lubricant, also with additives. To assist in the interpretation of the results, the open source software Image J and a small program developed in Python were used. It was found that it is possible to use these two tools to aid the interpretation of ferrograms.

Dengue: A review of laboratory diagnostics in the vaccine age

Background. Dengue is an important arboviral infection of considerable public health significance. It occurs in a wide global belt within a variety of tropical regions. The timely laboratory diagnosis of Dengue infection is critical to inform both clinical management and an appropriate public health response. Vaccination against Dengue virus is being introduced in some areas. Discussion. Appropriate diagnostic strategies will vary between laboratories depending on the available resources and skills. Diagnostic methods available include viral culture, the serological detection of Dengue-specific antibodies in using enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), microsphere immunoassays, haemagglutination inhibition or in lateral flow point of care tests. The results of antibody tests may be influenced by prior vaccination and exposure to other flaviviruses. The detection of non-structural protein 1 in serum (NS1) has improved the early diagnosis of Dengue and is available in point-of-care assays in addition to EIAs. Direct detection of viral RNA from blood by PCR is more sensitive than NS1 antigen detection but requires molecular skills and resources. An increasing variety of isothermal nucleic acid detection methods are in development. Timing of specimen collection and choice of test is critical to optimize diagnostic accuracy. Metagenomics and the direct detection by sequencing of viral RNA from blood offers the ability to rapidly type isolates for epidemiologic purposes. Conclusion. The impact of vaccination on immune response must be recognized as it will impact test interpretation and diagnostic algorithms.

Decoding pharmacogenomic test interpretation and application to patient care

AbstractPharmacogenomics is a growing area of medicine, and pharmacists across clinical practice settings have the opportunity to individualize medication selection and dosing using genetic data. However, many practicing pharmacists may feel ill‐equipped to interpret pharmacogenomic test results because of insufficient education and training. Evidence‐based, updated, and freely available resources such as the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines can help pharmacists interpret and apply pharmacogenomic test results to patient care. Although gaps for the application of pharmacogenomic information exist, this commentary aims to demystify the interpretation of pharmacogenomic test results and empower pharmacists to apply genetic data alongside other clinical variables to optimize medication‐related outcomes for their patients. An “ABCD” framework is proposed to guide pharmacists through the steps: (1) Actionability—Are the gene(s) clinically relevant for the patient? (2) Be Mindful of Limitations—What are the caveats with pharmacogenomic test results and reports? (3) Clinical Practice Guidelines—How do you use pharmacogenomic test results to guide clinical decision‐making? and (4) Document and Discuss—How do you educate the patient about their pharmacogenomic test results and document the results for future use? Key concepts are illustrated using a psychiatric patient case example.

Interpretation of the nine-step test for Eustachian tube function should consider mastoid cavity volume.

The modified nine-step test is a classical method for evaluating Eustachian tube function. However, clinical interpretation of the increased maximal difference in middle ear pressure (mdMEP) in the modified nine-step test is unknown. We hypothesised that the different reservoir effects of the mastoid cavity can bias the results of the modified nine-step test. A total of 108 consecutive participants (216 ears) were retrospectively screened. Of these, 55 participants (82 ears) who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled. The volumetric results of the mastoid cavity, parameters of the modified nine-step test (mdMEP, middle ear pressure, tympanic membrane compliance), and demographic data were analysed. A significant negative correlation was found between mdMEP and mastoid cavity volume (R = .467, p < .001). Ears with mdMEP >70 daPa showed poor pneumatization in the mastoid cavity, with volumes less than 3000 mm3 (10th percentile of all ears analysed). Ears with mastoid cavity volumes lower than the 25th percentile showed a significantly higher mdMEP (p < .001). Patients with mastoid cavity volumes higher than the 75th percentile were significantly younger (p < .001). Multivariate regression analysis for mdMEP showed a good fit (R = .854) using factors including middle ear pressure, admittance and, most importantly, the reciprocal of mastoid volume (Beta = 0.752, p < .001). The mdMEP, the main parameter of the modified nine-step test, was negatively correlated with the mastoid cavity volume. Therefore, the results of the modified nine-step test should be interpreted with consideration of mastoid cavity volume.

Threshold capillary pressure of caprocks for CO2 storage: Numerical insight on the dynamic and residual method

The dynamic threshold pressure method and the residual capillary pressure method provide an estimate of the threshold capillary pressure for CO2 storage. In the dynamic method, the threshold capillary pressure is determined by comparing the discharge measured when the CO2 starts flowing into the sample with the one measured when only water is flowing. In the residual method, a high CO2 pressure is applied on the vessel at the inlet of a water-saturated sample while water cannot flow from the vessel at its end. The threshold capillary pressure is estimated as the difference between the CO2 and the water pressures at the sample boundaries at equilibrium conditions.Sensitive analyses showed the impact of material properties and experimental conditions on results. Both methods allow estimating the threshold capillary pressure within a few days and the estimates are influenced by the applied pressures. The dynamic method estimate is not precautionary, and it tends to the exact value as the applied CO2 overpressure decreases. The residual method estimate is influenced by the drainage conditions and the volume of the vessels: it is generally precautionary and tends to increase with the volume of the vessels and the applied pressure. Suggestions for test interpretation and planning are also provided.

Modelling of room temperature outgassing and diffusion in a martensitic advanced high-strength steel

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is among the limiting factors for the employment of advanced high-strength steels in the automotive industry. One of the most relevant manifestations of HE for those components is delayed fracture. To perform HE risk assessment against delayed fracture in structural components wherein hydrogen accumulates near notches or bends after manufacturing or assembly, continuum models can be used to predict hydrogen diffusion and accumulation. To this aim, it is crucial to identify both the correct model parameters and boundary conditions (BCs). This study provides the required modelling and experimental framework to estimate the constitutive diffusion, trapping and outgassing parameters for a commercial martensitic advanced high-strength steel grade 1300. Permeation testing and simple room outgassing tests showed that a natural BC with one-parameter effectively reproduces the experimental results. The proposed model can be used to predict a reasonable hydrogen distribution, both inside of the component and near to the surface, which is valuable for HE risk assessments. Finally, the same BC can be employed with the interpretation of ex-situ hydrogen charged tensile tests.

Theoretical assessment of influential factors and application in chlorinated hydrocarbon detection with membrane interface probe

The membrane interface probe (MIP) is an efficient and economical in-situ tool for chlorinated hydrocarbon (CH) contaminated site investigation. Given that the interpretation of MIP test is currently limited to a qualitative level, a theoretical model considering multiphase flow and multifield coupling is firstly proposed to simulate MIP test process. This model can consider phase change, membrane effect, adsorption and dissolution of the CH liquid, gas diffusion, and evaporation. Then, the model is used to study the changes in soil temperature and soil CH concentration during MIP test, as well as the influences of soil CH concentration and soil properties (initial water saturation, soil intrinsic permeability, and thermal properties) on MIP response. Finally, a simplified MIP interpretation model is developed based on parametric analysis results and verified against field and laboratory test data. It is found that the soil CH concentration, rather than soil properties, dominates the MIP response. The simplified interpretation model can deliver practical prediction of the CH concentration through the detected results by MIP, which may improve the applicability of MIP.

The impact of time of day on the diagnostic performance of tests for asthma.

Performing fractional exhaled nitric oxide and bronchodilator reversibility tests in the morning is more likely to lead to a positive test result than when performed in the afternoon. Therefore, time of day should be considered during test interpretation. https://bit.ly/4b79e5J.