Interpretation Techniques Research Articles

Desain Ilustrasi Untuk Buku Ensiklopedia Catatan Perjalanan Raja Majapahit Di Kota Bakulapura

ABSTRACTHistorical stories have a moral message as a form of communication. History encyclopedia books are a visual communication medium to foster children's interest in reading. History Encyclopedia Bakulapura makes interactive children's books to improve relationships between children, parents and the general public, as well as increase children's interest in reading. The historical encyclopedia book entitled: " Desain Ilustrasi Untuk Buku Ensiklopedia Catatan Perjalanan Raja Majapahit di Kota Bakulapura" introduces letters through visual descriptions of characters and cultural history. Visual characters and cultural history in this book have a function to transfer the message. The visual meaning of historical characters and culture is analyzed using Semiotics theory by identifying visual elements and analyzing their connotative meanings. Researchers will only examine some of the main characters in the encyclopedia book. Identification of visual elements of characters and analysis of connotative meanings are presented in tabular form and translated using descriptive- interpretative techniques. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature studies and content analysis. The analysis results show that there are several visual compatibility of historical characters and culture with the characterization shown by the characters of historical encyclopedia books. The historical encyclopedia book entitled " Sejarah Ensiklopedia Bakulapura Catatan Perjalanan Kerajaan Majapahit di Kota Bakulapura Kalimantan Barat" also incorporates elements of Javanese, Dayak and Malay culture related to the daily lives of children.Keywords : History, Character, Encyclopedia.

Decisions of Izmir Economics Congresses: An Interpretive Content Analysis

This study aims to analyze the interpretive content of the issues emphasized and prominent in the decisions taken in the Izmir Economic Congress held so far by using the Voyant Tools program. The exploratory study is conducted according to the interpretive content analysis technique. In the study, the texts of the decisions taken in Izmir Economics Congresses were determined by an online convenient sampling technique. In the study, the decisions taken in Izmir Economics Congresses were analyzed with the help of the Cyrrus Tool, Reader tool, Trend tool, Summary tool, and Context tool offered by Voyant Tools online program. All five mentioned tools are tools with scalable parameters. The numerical findings obtained from the analysis were presented and interpreted together with the visuals. The five text analysis tools used in the analysis process are understood to provide essential information depicted in visualization formats. The findings are interpreted together with the context of the visualized data, delivering powerful clues for reaching accurate conclusions. The results of the analysis show how different input parameters affect the study. The prominent themes in the results of the research are essential in terms of showing what the basic vision of the Republic of Turkey is in the decisions taken at the Izmir Economic Congresses.

INTERPRETASI PUTUSAN HAKIM MAHKAMAH AGUNG TERHADAP PERKARA KORUPSI BERBASIS HUKUM PROGRESIF

This is the main issue in a study of what interpretation is as part of a legal discovery method based on progressive law in corruption cases. This study aims to study and explain the importance of legal interpretation regarding the formulation of legal texts (laws) that have legal certainty for a law enforcer to maintain the value of justice and the benefits of law, especially in corruption cases. The type of research study used is a normative juridical research study, namely a type of research study that uses legal research analysis methods through a statutory approach. The research results concluded that Supreme Court Judge Artidjo Alkostar, in applying the article at the cassation level, interpreted it progressively by first looking at the elements of the criminal act that the Defendant had committed. The elements of legal violations that have been fulfilled are then adjusted to the articles that have been alleged. In the adjustments made, Supreme Court Justice Artidjo Alkostar used language interpretation techniques. In addition, Supreme Court Justice Artidjo Alkostar considers the Defendant taking advantage of his public position (political corruption) to commit corruption crimes as a factor that complicates sanctions for perpetrators of corruption.

Preclinical study of CD19 detection methods post tafasitamab treatment.

Several CD19 targeted antibody-based therapeutics are currently available for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), including the Fc-modified antibody immunotherapy tafasitamab. This therapeutic landscape warrants the evaluation of potential sequencing approaches. Prior to a subsequent CD19-targeted therapy, CD19 expression on tafasitamab-treated patient biopsy samples may be assessed. However, no standardized methods for its detection are currently available. In this context, selecting a tafasitamab-competing CD19 detection antibody for immunohistochemistry (IHC) or flow cytometry (FC) may lead to misinterpreting epitope masking by tafasitamab as antigen loss or downregulation. We analyzed a comprehensive panel of commercially available CD19 detection antibody clones for IHC and FC using competition assays on tafasitamab pre-treated cell lines. To remove bound tafasitamab from the cell surface, an acidic dissociation protocol was used. Antibody affinities for CD19 were measured using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) or Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI). While CD19 was successfully detected on tafasitamab pre-treated samples using all 7 tested IHC antibody clones, all 8 tested FC antibody clones were confirmed to compete with tafasitamab. An acidic dissociation was demonstrated essential to circumvent CD19 masking by tafasitamab and avoid false negative FC results. The current study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate CD19 detection tools and techniques for correct interpretation of CD19 expression. The findings presented herein can serve as a guideline to investigators and may help navigate treatment strategies in the clinical setting.

Environmental interpretation and socio-cognitive mindfulness: A literature review

Visitors to environmental and heritage sites can have heightened experiences through effective interpretation. Thus, providing effective environmental and heritage interpretation is important for visitors who explore those sites. In parks, recreation, and tourism research, the addition of socio-cognitive mindfulness into interpretation methods is a technique that can be used to improve interpretation experiences. This review sought to summarize what is known from the literature in this field about applying socio-cognitive mindfulness in interpretation settings as well as how it can be applied effectively. Themes that emerged from this review of 17 analyzed sources were that socio-cognitive mindfulness in interpretive settings can lead to learning experiences and studies that have tested Moscardo's conceptual framework regarding mindfulness in interpretive settings have provided evidence for how mindful interpretive experiences can be implemented (i.e., use of multisensory media, novelty, variety, questions, and visitor control can facilitate mindfulness in interpretive settings). Mindful interpretation can be used to enhance sustainability education in interpretive settings and future research directions for socio-cognitive mindful interpretive research is also discussed. Management implicationsA literature review was completed about socio-cognitive mindfulness applications in environmental interpretation settings. Findings from this review indicated that mindful interpretive experiences serve to enhance visitor learning experiences. Socio-cognitive mindful interpretive experiences can be facilitated by applying concepts from Moscardo's (1996, 1999) framework. Providing novelty, variety, elements of visitor control, or through the use of multisensory media or questions can serve to provide mindful interpretive experiences. Furthermore, from this review, mindful interpretation can be used to promote sustainability education by applying mindful interpretive techniques to environmental interpretation settings. This can be a useful application of mindfulness in such settings.

Economic Benefits and Governance of Guiding Barrier Fishing Gear in White-Spotted Spinefoot Fish Fishing Activities (Siganus canaliculatus, Park 1797) In Bontang City Waters

Guiding barrier fishing gear has been used in recent years in the mangrove, seagrass, and coral ecosystem areas of Bontang City. In previous studies, the main target, white-spotted spinefoot fish, has depreciated and degraded as a result of overfishing. This study calculates the economic benefits and attempts to analyze the management policy of guiding barrier fishing gear to overcome the depreciation and degradation problems. To calculate the economic benefits, the fisheries production approach was used, while the policy analysis used the interpretive structural model technique. During the peak season of white-spotted spinefoot fish, the average fisherman earns up to IDR400,750 per day, with a minimum of IDR103,000 and a maximum of IDR1,904,000. The optimal fishing period is nine months, after which fishermen will stop fishing in Ramadan, August, and September. There are six guiding barrier fishing gear management policies, namely: 1) open and close systems at the installation site; 2) increase the mesh size used; 3) reduce the number; 4) moratorium on new installations; 5) limit the number of owners for each fisherman; and 6) regulate the distance between guiding barrier fishing gear. Of the six policy alternatives, the top priority is to increase the mesh size used.

The Dance of Legislation: Why Parliamentary Sovereignty is not a Meaningful Public Law Metric

"The dance of legislation" is a metaphor to capture the parliamentary–judicial dynamic in the creation, interpretation and application of legislation. Contrary to the edicts of classical sovereignty doctrine, Parliament is not the sole actor in (what I term) "law creation through legislation". Sovereignty doctrine champions the exclusivity of Parliament in enacting legislative text and discounts any constitutive role of the courts in bringing meaning to the legislative text. The courts deploy interpretive techniques that fix legal meaning in accordance with a range of institutional norms and understandings. These techniques debunk the notion that Parliament's word is the start and end point of what is law, irrespective of what the courts say is the law. The judicial role extends beyond filling gaps in statutory meanings: it extends even to the reconstruction of statutory meaning where institutional norms commend activist interpretive method. The symbiosis that joins the branches lies at the heart of the legislative enterprise. The parliamentary–judicial relationship is an interdependent, collaborative one that draws upon the distinctive, role-specific function of each branch. The quip "it takes two to tango" speaks perfectly to the dance of legislation imagined in this article.

Phenomenological Changes Associated with Deep Brain Stimulation for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Cognitive Appraisal Model of Recovery.

The current scientific enquiry of deep brain stimulation (DBS) does not capture the breadth of DBS-induced changes to an individual's life. Considering that DBS is applied in severe and complex cases, it is ethically and clinically necessary to consider the patient perspective and personally relevant outcomes. This lived experience investigation of people with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) undergoing DBS aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of DBS-induced effects associated with OCD psychopathology. Six patients and six carers completed semi-structured open-ended interviews. A blended approach of interpretative phenomenological, inductive, and thematic analysis techniques was employed. Profound psychopathological changes were expressed; individuals felt more alive, had improved cognitive affective control, greater engagement in the world, and were able to manage their OCD. Through suppression of the condition, self-constructs were able to re-emerge and develop. A framework describing the progression of phenomenological changes, and a theoretical model describing changes in the cognitive appraisal of intrusions influencing recovery are proposed. This is the first identified qualitative investigation of DBS-induced changes in psychiatric patients and carers. Findings have implications for patient education and recovery models of OCD, and scientific understanding of DBS effects.

Āyah al-Wasṭīyah: Dirāsah Dalālah Iḥtimālīyah

Moderation is one of the most popular-discussed themes lately. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the meaning of probability in the moderation verse through qualitative research with descriptive-interpretative characteristics to describe opinions and ideas as well as to verify and interpret the data contained in the moderation verse. Obviously, this research is part of library research with a language and semantic approach. Methods of data collection through library research, editing, organizing, finding and documentary. Data analysis through deductive, interpretive, and comparative techniques. The results of the study show that the word (al wasth) has a meaning: a name between two sides, honesty and justice (al-'adl wa al 'iada), the meaning of choice (al khiyar), moderate, and balance. Al Wasth is between excess and negligence (al-irath wa al tafrith), moderate in faith and belief, moderate in the needs of the soul and body, and moderate in spiritual and material matters. The causes for the occurrence of probability meanings in words (al wasth) include: verbal association (polysemy), integration of morphological formulas and changes in true meaning to metaphors. It is hoped that the results of this research will have advantages and benefits in deepening the unique language and diction of the Qur'an al-Karim and its deep connotations. This paper certainly supports the concept of religious moderation in Indonesia to tackle religious extremism and terrorism. Understanding the meaning of moderation will open opportunities for dialogue, openness and tolerance.

Penggunaan Media Menempel Gambar untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Motorik Halus pada Anak Usia Dini di Tapas Cinta Rosul Sidoarjo

One of the media that is easy to work with and can improve children's fine motor skills by pasting pictures. By sticking the child becomes easier improve motor skills, as children can try to cut or tear own paper, and glue the paper to the image. This research aims to identify the use of image paste media in early childhood and know it fine motor skills through pasting pictures on PAUD in TAPAS Cinta Rosul Sidoarjo. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. Research subject There are 24 children in one class. The object of this research is fine motor skills with using image paste media. The data collection technique was carried out by observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis and interpretation techniques are carried out induction and deduction as well as qualitative descriptive. Based on the results of research and discussion, researchers can draw conclusions about using picture paste media to improve motor skills This is smooth for PAUD at TAPAS Cinta Rosul Sidoarjo which uses stick media photos at TAPAS Cinta Rosul Sidoarjo went smoothly. In every activity paste the pictures that the teacher has done step by step as much as possible, with prepare a pattern that the child is interested in, then prepare materials and tools that are suitable for used in early childhood, up to examples of how to paste pictures with good and right, so that it gets a full response and high enthusiasm by the children. With media applications, you can paste pictures on TAPAS Cinta Rosul Sidoarjo improve fine motor skills in early childhood.

EEG-Based Cross-Subject Driver Drowsiness Recognition With an Interpretable Convolutional Neural Network.

In the context of electroencephalogram (EEG)-based driver drowsiness recognition, it is still challenging to design a calibration-free system, since EEG signals vary significantly among different subjects and recording sessions. Many efforts have been made to use deep learning methods for mental state recognition from EEG signals. However, existing work mostly treats deep learning models as black-box classifiers, while what have been learned by the models and to which extent they are affected by the noise in EEG data are still underexplored. In this article, we develop a novel convolutional neural network combined with an interpretation technique that allows sample-wise analysis of important features for classification. The network has a compact structure and takes advantage of separable convolutions to process the EEG signals in a spatial-temporal sequence. Results show that the model achieves an average accuracy of 78.35% on 11 subjects for leave-one-out cross-subject drowsiness recognition, which is higher than the conventional baseline methods of 53.40%-72.68% and state-of-the-art deep learning methods of 71.75%-75.19%. Interpretation results indicate the model has learned to recognize biologically meaningful features from EEG signals, e.g., alpha spindles, as strong indicators of drowsiness across different subjects. In addition, we also explore reasons behind some wrongly classified samples with the interpretation technique and discuss potential ways to improve the recognition accuracy. Our work illustrates a promising direction on using interpretable deep learning models to discover meaningful patterns related to different mental states from complex EEG signals.

Challenges in Interpretation of US Breast Findings in the Emergency Setting.

Emergencies in breast imaging are infrequent but not rare. Although infectious conditions such as mastitis and breast abscess are the most common breast diseases encountered in acute care settings, other entities that may require additional imaging or different treatment approaches are also seen and include traumatic injury and breast cancer. While mammography is widely available for breast evaluation in outpatient facilities, most emergency departments do not have mammography units. This makes evaluation of patients with breast disease incomplete in the acute care setting and emphasizes the role of appropriate US techniques for interpretation. It also highlights the importance of effective sonographer-to-radiologist communication to ensure patient safety and diagnostic accuracy, especially in an era of increasing adoption of teleradiology. The authors discuss the challenges in image acquisition and remote interpretation that are commonly faced by radiologists when they assess breast anomalies in the emergency setting. They present strategies to overcome these challenges by describing techniques for proper US evaluation, highlighting the importance of sonographer-radiologist communication, defining the goals of the evaluation, reviewing common differential diagnoses, and providing appropriate follow-up recommendations. ©RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.

Was Leonardo da Vinci a ‘Copernican’? Leonardo’s Astronomical Thought in Contex

There are tantalizing notations in Leonardo’s notebooks indicating that he thought the sun was the centre of the solar system. At the same time, his thought contains remnants of Aristotelian physics and traditional medieval notions of geology and atmospheric science. This paper will describe the evidence from paintings, sketches, and notes, and it will examine the assumptions behind the question of Leonardo’s heliocentricity. What exactly does it mean to say ‘the sun does not move’? Leonardo’s astronomical writings show a penetrating curiosity and prescient instincts which are often confirmed by subsequent discoveries. This paper will examine the interpretive techniques we use on this greatest of Renaissance masters, and suggest a perspective on his astronomical writings that is consistent with the rest of his natural philosophy.

A consensus process to identify research priorities in paediatric urology in the United Kingdom

Paediatric urologists manage a spectrum of conditions, much of the evidence for relevant treatment pathways is of low quality. For many conditions treatment varies according to location and surgeon; children with the same condition might have surgery in one unit but watchful waiting in another. Underlying this variation are differences in opinion, and insufficient high-level evidence with few prospective randomized studies. Such studies may be challenging to design, fund and recruit into, and are more likely to succeed if there is a collaborative approach. Research prioritization is a tool to identify the research of most value. Delphi methodology is an interpretive technique aiming to gain the consensus view of interested parties. The British Association of Paediatric Urologists (BAPU) set out to ascertain consensus on what paediatric urologists, working in the UK, consider to be areas of priority for research. This paper describes the process used, and the resulting list of research questions. A scoping survey of paediatric urologists in the UK was undertaken to identify an initial set of research questions. These were refined by the BAPU research committee (BAPU RC), then prioritized using a modified Delphi process. During Stage 1a multiple new research questions were submitted leading to Stage 1b, an interim process. All UK paediatric urologists were invited to take part in Stage 2 of the prioritization process. Sixty-five questions were submitted to the scoping survey by 24 paediatric urologists. The BAPU RC refined these to 60 questions, which were submitted to Stage 1a of the modified Delphi process. Sixty-seven people completed Stage 1a, at the same time submitting 224 additional research questions. The BAPU RC revised the entire question set, ensuring the key subject of the original question was not altered and novel questions were retained. The BAPU RC undertook interim scoring of the resultant 79 questions, the top scoring 25 questions plus 5 lower scoring 'wild card' questions (to ensure the breadth of the specialty was represented) were put forward to Stage 2. A total of 65 people completed Stage 2, including a lay representative. A list of 30 priority research questions was generated; the top 10 includes management of neuropathic bladder, posterior urethral valves, antibiotic prophylaxis, DSD & CAH, continence, male external genitalia, VUR and transition care (Table). This process has provided BAPU, paediatric urologists in the UK, and funders with areas of research considered a priority in the specialty.

Computer Games as a Pedagogical Tool for Creating Cyber Security Awareness

Cyberattacks are increasing world-wide, both on corporate networks and public institutions network. During 2022 hackers were widening their aim to target business collaboration tools such as Slack, Teams, OneDrive, and Google Drive with phishing exploits, making for a rich harvest of sensitive data given that most organizations’ employees continued to work remotely. In the later years we have also seen academic institutions becoming more frequent targets for both cybercriminals and state sponsored hackers. In 2022 the education/research sector was most attacked industry globally, seeing a 43% increase compared to 2021, with an average of 2,314 attacks per organisation every week. Schools and universities have the unique challenge of dealing with children or young adults, many of which use their own devices, work from shared locations, and often connect to public Wi-Fi without thinking of the security concerns. Additionally, Russia’s war on Ukraine has led to an increase in spear-phishing activity targeting educational institutions in NATO countries. This situation calls attention to the need for awareness raising about personal cyber security. In Norway, Nord University is one of a few universities with specific focus on security and preparedness, including cyber security awareness. The university has two information security courses: one belonging to furthering education and one within the MBA-study program in Security and Preparedness Management. This paper examines the question whether serious games and online quizzes can create heighten cyber security awareness and motivate individual students to change their cyber security behaviour. The paper reports on the findings based on written reflection notes from students belonging to both courses. The technique of examination and interpretation applied to the data was qualitative thematic content analysis supported by computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software NVivo. Theoretical analysis was guided by social constructionist perspective on knowledge creation. While many advantages of the use of online quizzes and computer games were specified by students, challenges were identified as well. However, the findings show that the use of serious games and online quizzes can be an efficient approach to raising security awareness among participating students.

Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Hydrology: Interpreting Black-Box Snowmelt-Driven Streamflow Predictions in an Arid Andean Basin of North-Central Chile

In recent years, a new discipline known as Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged, which has followed the growing trend experienced by Artificial Intelligence over the last decades. There are, however, important gaps in the adoption of XAI in hydrology research, in terms of application studies in the southern hemisphere, or in studies associated with snowmelt-driven streamflow prediction in arid regions, to mention a few. This paper seeks to contribute to filling these knowledge gaps through the application of XAI techniques in snowmelt-driven streamflow prediction in a basin located in the arid region of north-central Chile in South America. For this, two prediction models were built using the Random Forest algorithm, for one and four months in advance. The models show good prediction performance in the training set for one (RMSE:1.33, R2: 0.94, MAE:0.55) and four (RMSE: 5.67, R2:0.94, MAE: 1.51) months in advance. The selected interpretation techniques (importance of the variable, partial dependence plot, accumulated local effects plot, Shapley values and local interpretable model-agnostic explanations) show that hydrometeorological variables in the vicinity of the basin are more important than climate variables and this occurs both for the dataset level and for the months with the lowest streamflow records. The importance of the XAI approach adopted in this study is discussed in terms of its contribution to the understanding of hydrological processes, as well as its role in high-stakes decision-making.

Analysis of Artificial Intelligence-Based Approaches Applied to Non-Invasive Imaging for Early Detection of Melanoma: A Systematic Review.

Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, poses a significant public health challenge worldwide. Early detection is crucial for improved patient outcomes. Non-invasive skin imaging techniques allow for improved diagnostic accuracy; however, their use is often limited due to the need for skilled practitioners trained to interpret images in a standardized fashion. Recent innovations in artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques for skin lesion image interpretation show potential for the use of AI in the early detection of melanoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current state of AI-based techniques used in combination with non-invasive diagnostic imaging modalities including reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and dermoscopy. We also aimed to determine whether the application of AI-based techniques can lead to improved diagnostic accuracy of melanoma. A systematic search was conducted via the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases for eligible publications between 2018 and 2022. Screening methods adhered to the 2020 version of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Included studies utilized AI-based algorithms for melanoma detection and directly addressed the review objectives. We retrieved 40 papers amongst the three databases. All studies directly comparing the performance of AI-based techniques with dermatologists reported the superior or equivalent performance of AI-based techniques in improving the detection of melanoma. In studies directly comparing algorithm performance on dermoscopy images to dermatologists, AI-based algorithms achieved a higher ROC (>80%) in the detection of melanoma. In these comparative studies using dermoscopic images, the mean algorithm sensitivity was 83.01% and the mean algorithm specificity was 85.58%. Studies evaluating machine learning in conjunction with OCT boasted accuracy of 95%, while studies evaluating RCM reported a mean accuracy rate of 82.72%. Our results demonstrate the robust potential of AI-based techniques to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes through the early identification of melanoma. Further studies are needed to assess the generalizability of these AI-based techniques across different populations and skin types, improve standardization in image processing, and further compare the performance of AI-based techniques with board-certified dermatologists to evaluate clinical applicability.

Systematic Mapping of Research on Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Decennial Scientometric Analysis.

Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) remain a significant public health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The high burden of VPDs in this region necessitates the need for continued investigation and intervention. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of research on VPDs in children in sub-Saharan Africa in the last 10 years to capture the current state of research in the field. This study used a systematic search for articles published between 2013 and 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection database and, subsequently, scientometric techniques for data analyses and interpretation. Annual scientific production of publications on the research of VPDs in children in sub-Saharan Africa increased from 2013 to 2019 and then gradually declined. South Africa had the most VPD studies (n = 148; 16.2%), followed by Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, The Gambia, Malawi, Ethiopia, and the Republic of Congo. The Vaccine journal published the most. The Pan African Medical Journal was the most frequent destination journal based in Africa. The commonly studied pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Research productivity increased exponentially in the pre-COVID era and declined in the past two years, so more VPD research in this region is needed.

Machine learning modeling to forecast uncertainty between capital sudden stop and boom

In emerging economies, sudden stops of capital inflows boost the collapse of stock and exchange rate markets and plunge countries into unemployment, loss of production, and diminishing exports, leading to a financial crisis. Recently, the nonlinear relationship-based machine learning (ML) model for analyzing the complexity and uncertainty of financial and economic systems has been in the spotlight, but they are still poorly used for predicting sudden stops of capital. Because there is no verified tool that elaborately measures the indicia of rapid suspension or expansion of capital for prediction purposes, ML models learned from domains with inadequately defined economic characteristics of capital movements can suffer from poor predictive power and reliability. In addition, many economists do not trust the ML model due to the lack of interpretability caused by the black box structure of ML models. In this study, three approaches are proposed for better prediction and decision-making. First, using data for 37 emerging economies from 1990 to 2019, we apply various ML techniques such as extreme gradient boost (XGB), which is well known for the latest ensemble learning technology. Second, we analyze the causal relationship to the outcomes of our models using SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) methods, a powerful technique for ML interpretation. Particularly, from the perspective of post-COVID-19, our model predicts an increased probability of sudden stops in countries where a sharp decline in real interest rates and exports is evident. Finally, we propose a tool to measure capital flows and assess excessive levels for forecasting purposes. Particularly, our tool extracts credit boom events that are highly correlated with sudden stops, and the ML models with credit boom events have significantly improved predictive performance. Specifically, in the forecast of a sudden stop after one year, the prediction accuracy of the models with a credit boom event is improved by 11.2% on average compared to models without credit boom information. In addition, the gap between the predicted hit and the miss rate in the proposed models was reduced to −16.2% on average compared to the original, improving the balance of classification.

Mengungkap Peran Ilustrasi Musik dalam Membangun Mood, Nuansa, dan Suasana pada Film ‘Tonggak Tuo’

Musical illustration plays a crucial role in establishing the mood, nuances, and atmosphere in films. This study delves into two main aspects: 1) how directors and composers apply mood, nuances, and atmosphere through musical illustration in various scenes, and 2) the significance of musical illustration in the film "Tonggak Tuo." The researcher employs a qualitative descriptive research method, presenting data in both textual and graphical forms. The primary focus of this study revolves around the role of music illustration in films as a builder of mood, nuances, and atmosphere, as per Himawan Pratista's film music illustration theory. Data collection methods encompass document review, interviews, and literature review. Analytically, this research directly observes the content of "Tonggak Tuo" to investigate the role of music illustration, employing content analysis and interpretative techniques. The results affirm that musical illustrations play a pivotal role in constructing the mood, nuances, and atmosphere within the film "Tonggak Tuo."