Interpretation Techniques Research Articles

Utilization of convolutional neural network in image interpretation techniques for detecting kidney disease

Utilization of convolutional neural network in image interpretation techniques for detecting kidney disease

INCIDENTAL FINDINGS IN PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHS: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHS TAKEN ON X HOSPITAL IN JAMBI CITY INDONESIA

Abnormalities without symptoms can be detected through accurate diagnostic interpretation techniques in a wide range of panoramic radiographs. The number of publications describing various incidental findings on panoramic radiographs in Indonesia is still limited. The aim of this study is to find incidental findings in panoramic radiographs. The design of this study is descriptive, using 962 panoramic radiographs. A total of two observers interpreted 481 radiographs each and recorded incidental findings into five categories, namely soft tissue calcification, elongation of the styloid process, pathological conditions of the maxillary sinus, dense bone islands, and other incidental findings. The results shows that 142 panoramic radiographs (14,76%) had images of incidental findings, with descriptions of the types of incidental findings that were found are 42 radiographs (29,57%) of soft tissue calcification, 29 radiographs (20,42%) had an elongation of the styloid process, pathological conditions of the maxillary sinus were found on 35 radiographs (24,64%), 32 radiographs (22,53%) of dense bone island, and 17 radiographs (11,97%) were categorized as other incidental findings. The percentage of incidental findings which is not too high (14,76%), does not affect the fact that it is very important for a dentist to interpret panoramic radiographs in such detail manners and be alert of various pathological conditions that appear even without clinical symptoms, and ultimately be able to provide external referrals so that early medical intervention can be carried out in patients who needs it the most.

Mesozoic–Paleozoic Structural Characteristics and Their Controlling Effects on Oil and Gas in the Kongnan Area of Bohai Bay Basin

The Bohai Bay Basin is a typical marginal basin with complex internal structures and abundant oil and gas resources, exhibiting unique marine geological characteristics and processes. Based on seismic profile interpretation and balanced cross-section techniques, this paper presents a comprehensive systematic study of the structural combination and tectonic evolution of the Neo-Mesozoic–Cenozoic superimposed basin in the southern Bohai Bay Basin. The research findings indicate that the area exhibits four types of structural properties, including compression, extension, strike-slip, and thrust structures, along with thirteen fundamental styles. Building upon this foundation, research has been conducted on the tectonic evolution and formation processes during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Based on the effective correlation between hydrocarbon generation and tectonic evolution phases, a three-phase model was proposed as “early anticline-controlled oil accumulation-primary reservoir formation, mid-stage fault adjustment-secondary reservoir formation, late-stage block modification-multiple phase petroleum accumulation”. Our model explains the composite reservoir system in the Neogene–Mesozoic era, characterized by multiple-stage structural oil and gas accumulation, coexistence of primary and secondary hydrocarbon, and various types of oil and gas reservoirs. This study elucidates the controlling effects of structural characteristics and evolution on oil and gas accumulation under marine geological conditions, providing a theoretical basis for the efficient development of oil and gas resources in marginal basins.

Methods (techniques) of legal interpretation in the practice of the Сourt of Justice of the EU

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) uses a variety of tools in its activities, among which the most important are the methods of interpretation. Using a whole range of methods (methods) of interpretation, the CJEU fills existing gaps in the law or clarifies the meaning and scope of application of the rules of European Union law. The CJEU uses methods of interpretation in its legal interpretation activities that are used in both national and international law. However, their use in the interpretation of European Union law is somewhat different. Based on the analysis of the case law of the CJEU, researchers distinguish a wide range of methods of interpretation, among which the main ones are philological (linguistic), systemic, teleological, historical, etc. The combination of these methods allows for the adaptation of EU law to changing conditions and unification of its multilingual nature. The work is focused on the most commonly used methods of interpretation: philological, systemic and teleological. The philological interpretation is applied by the CJEU somewhat differently than in the generally accepted classical sense. This is a consequence of the multilingual nature of EU law, which influences both the procedure and the order in which this method of interpretation is used. The systemic method emphasizes the need for an interpretation that would allow EU legal norms to be integrated into a coherent and consistent framework within the complex system of EU legal sources, taking into account the hierarchy of primary and secondary law. In this regard, the general principles of EU law are of particular importance. As a result of the Court of Justice of the European Union’s application of the systemic interpretation mechanism, the unification of the understanding of EU law within the legal systems of various member states is ensured. Teleological interpretation in the practice of the CJEU lays the foundation for case law, considering the presence of extensive preambles in EU legal acts. An analysis of the ways, methods and practices of interpretation of EU law is necessary to prepare the national legal system and national courts for cooperation within the framework of the CJEU.

How leaders perceive security dangers: The neglected dimension of unfolding experience

Abstract Leaders play a central role in world politics, and threat perception is a crucial element in the study and practice of International Relations (IR). Yet existing accounts of how leaders perceive threats are inadequate, drawing on an incomplete notion of leaders as (ir)rational information processors that pays no attention to the leader’s experience of danger as it unfolds in time and how such experience is structured. By integrating a framework developed by linguist Ray Jackendoff to describe the experience of language with the study of danger in International Relations, and by employing an interpretive textual analysis technique to danger descriptions made by world leaders embedded in different historical and cultural settings constructing different security dangers, I develop and illustrate the ‘danger framework’. In describing the unique features with which leaders experience security dangers, the danger framework theorises the qualia of danger experience and how it is organised into the conscious field of leaders. In doing so, the paper makes progress on three problems for existing accounts of threat perception in IR, illuminates important research puzzles, and provides the literature on experience and Ontological Security Studies (OSS) with micro-foundations.

A hybrid artificial neural network–genetic algorithm back-analysis technique for local anomaly detection in railway track substructure

The UK’s ageing railway transportation network is increasingly at risk of substructure failure, often caused by malfunctioning buried drainage systems. These drainage issues lead to localised soil weaknesses in the substructure layers, which, if undetected, can result in costly maintenance interventions or, worse, catastrophic system failure. Regular non-destructive test (NDT) assessments are essential for monitoring the condition of the substructure, yet current interpretation techniques for NDT data provide limited insight into the size, location and even the presence of weakened zones. This results in an incomplete understanding of the substructure's condition, impeding effective maintenance planning. A novel hybrid back-analysis technique to detect weakened zones in railway substructures caused by drainage malfunctions is proposed, addressing a critical gap in existing solutions. The method employs an artificial neural network surrogate model, trained on virtual experimental data generated through finite-element simulations, and couples it with a genetic algorithm to optimise the match between modelled and measured deflections. This novel method is computationally efficient, independent of seed modulus values and thoroughly validated for accuracy. It delivers a precise understanding of soil weaknesses in railway substructures, transforming maintenance strategies by improving safety, reducing costs and promoting infrastructure sustainability.

Возможности эвфемистической интерпретации в юмористическом ключе языковой единицы в русском институциональном дискурсе

The purpose of the study is to determine the specifics of actualization of mechanisms of variable interpretation of reality in modern Russian institutional discourse, which allows interpreting the situation as containing euphemization or euphemism, and therefore generating an unintended comic effect. The article examines the mechanisms and techniques of variable interpretation of reality, actualized by unintentional communicative deviation in direct and indirect communication. The types of alternative interpretation of reality and their frequency are identified and defined. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time, based on the material of the Russian language, it describes and systematizes the mechanism of euphemistic interpretation in institutional discourse in case of communicative failure or failure that generates a comic effect. As a result of the study, it was established which parameters of the utterance producer are responsible for these communicative failures, how gender opposition affects the above-mentioned communicative situations, and what are the characteristics of the addressee of institutional discourse. It is determined that such an interpretation is presented mainly in the implication of euphemisms-tabooisms, in thematic groups of sexual relations, taboo names of human organs and physiological processes, the theme of death.

Poliandri Sebuah Refleksi Ajaran Bhakti dan Śraddhā dalam Kakawin Kreṣṇā Pancawiwāha

Kakawin Kreṣṇā Pancawiwāha tells the story of Dewi Kresna's marriage to Panca Pandawa, which is interesting to study because the concept of marriage in this text has shifted. The marriage that is supposed to be between a man and a woman is told differently in this text, where a woman marries five men at the same time, known as polyandry. The polyandrous marriage narrated in the Kakawin Kreṣṇā Pancawiwāha text is actually not merely the main purpose, but a symbolic one that has meaning in it. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the symbolic meanings of polyandry that have relevance to Hindu religious teachings. This research is an analytical descriptive research with a textual approach that uses the text of Kakawin Kreṣṇā Pancawiwāha as the main data source. The method used in the data collection stage is literature study with translation, listening, and note-taking techniques. In the analysis stage, the analytical descriptive method was used, assisted by interpretative techniques based on the working principles of semiotic theory. The result found is that the phenomenon of polyandry in the Kakawin Kreṣṇā Pancawiwāha text is a symbol that contains religious philosophical values for Hindus to reflect the teachings of Bhakti (devotion) and Śraddhā (belief). The implementation of the teachings of Bhakti (devotion) is realized by the attitude of Satya Laksana (loyal to the righteous actions) to Guru Rupaka (parents) as a reflection of the teachings of Guru Bhakti. Symbolic polyandry as a concept of Śraddhā, is realized by the reflection of the teachings of Karmaphala Sraddha (belief in the existence of karma) which has a reciprocal relationship with Punarbhawa Sraddha (belief in the existence of repeated births). The mythology found states that polyandry is an existence of life that has implications for the improvement of Bhakti and Śraddhā.

Harnessing deep learning to detect bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome from chest CT

BackgroundBronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS), a fibrotic airway disease that may develop after lung transplantation, conventionally relies on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) for diagnosis due to limitations of CT imaging. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have not previously been used for BOS detection. This study aims to train a DNN to detect BOS in CT scans using an approach tailored for low-data scenarios.MethodsWe trained a DNN to detect BOS in CT scans using a co-training method designed to enhance performance in low-data environments. Our method employs an auxiliary task that makes the DNN more sensitive to disease manifestations and less sensitive to the patient’s anatomical features. The DNN was tasked with predicting the sequence of two CT scans taken from the same BOS patient at least six months apart. We evaluated this approach on CT scans from 75 post-transplant patients, including 26 with BOS, and used a ROC-AUC metric to assess performance.ResultsWe show that our DNN method achieves a ROC-AUC of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.840–0.953) in distinguishing BOS from non-BOS in CT scans. Performance correlates with BOS progression, with ROC-AUC values of 0.88 for stage I, 0.91 for stage II, and 0.94 for stage III BOS. Notably, the DNN shows comparable performance on standard- and high-resolution CT scans. It also demonstrates the ability to predict BOS in at-risk patients (FEV1 between 80% and 90% of best FEV1) with a ROC-AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.735–0.974). Using visual interpretation techniques for DNNs, we reveal sensitivity to hyperlucent/hypoattenuated areas indicative of air-trapping or bronchiectasis.ConclusionsOur approach shows potential for improving BOS diagnosis by enabling early detection and management. The ability to detect BOS from standard-resolution scans at any stage of respiration makes this method more accessible than previous approaches. Additionally, our findings highlight that techniques to limit overfitting are crucial for unlocking the potential of DNNs in low-data settings, which could assist clinicians in BOS studies with limited patient data.

Interpretation as a Technique to Foster Inclusive Classrooms at Higher Learning Institutions in Zambia: A Case Study of Kitwe College of Education

This study aims to explore the implementation of interpretation techniques designed to promote inclusivity in educational settings, particularly those characterized by linguistic diversity and limited resources. The focus is on understanding how various techniques, such as sign language interpretation, simplified language, peer assistance, visual aids, and bilingual instruction, contribute to enhancing the learning experiences of students with disabilities and language barriers. A phenomenological approach was used to gather in-depth insights into participants' experiences. The study involved a sample of 15 participants, including three teacher educators, two interpreters, and ten students. The data was collected through multiple methods, including focus group discussions (FGDs), lesson observations, and individual interviews. These techniques allowed for the exploration of participants' perspectives on the effectiveness of inclusive strategies and the challenges faced in their implementation. Thematic analysis was applied to identify common patterns and challenges, particularly focusing on systemic issues such as resource limitations, the availability of trained interpreters, and cultural attitudes. The analysis further examined how these barriers impacted the success of interpretation techniques in fostering an inclusive learning environment. Additionally, the role of time constraints and linguistic diversity was explored as factors complicating the consistency and accessibility of inclusive practices. The findings highlight the significant impact of inclusive strategies on the learning experiences of students, yet they also point to substantial challenges that hinder the full potential of these practices. The study calls for increased investment in resources, professional development, and the creation of standardized policies to address these barriers. Practical implications suggest that educational institutions must adopt comprehensive and consistent strategies to ensure inclusivity for all students.

Assessing the efficiency of pixel-based and object-based image classification using deep learning in an agricultural Mediterranean plain.

Recent advancements in satellite technology have greatly expanded data acquisition capabilities, making satellite imagery more accessible. Despite these strides, unlocking the full potential of satellite images necessitates efficient interpretation. Image classification, a widely adopted for extracting valuable information, has seen a surge in the application of deep learning methodologies due to their effectiveness. However, the success of deep learning is contingent upon the quality of the training data. In our study, we compared the efficiency of pixel-based and object-based classifications in Sentinel-2 satellite imagery using the Deeplabv3 deep learning method. The image sharpness was enhanced through a high-pass filter, aiding in data visualization and preparation. Deeplabv3 underwent training, leading to the development of classifiers following the extraction of training samples from the enhanced image. The majority zonal statistic method was implemented to assign class values to objects in the workflow. The accuracy of pixel-based and object-based classification was 83.1% and 83.5%, respectively, with corresponding kappa values of 0.786 and 0.791. These accuracies highlighted the efficient performance of the object-based method when integrated with a deep learning classifier. These results can serve as a valuable reference for future studies, aiding in the improvement of accuracy while potentially saving time and effort. By evaluating this nuanced impact pixel and object-based classification as well as on class-specific accuracy, this research contributes to the ongoing refinement of satellite image interpretation techniques in environmental applications.

Label credibility correction based on cell morphological differences for cervical cells classification

Cervical cancer is one of the deadliest cancers that pose a significant threat to women’s health. Early detection and treatment are commonly used methods to prevent cervical cancer. The use of pathological image analysis techniques for the automatic interpretation of cervical cells in pathological slides is a prominent area of research in the field of digital medicine. According to The Bethesda System, cervical cytology necessitates further classification of precancerous lesions based on positive interpretations. However, clinical definitions among different categories of lesion are complex and often characterized by fuzzy boundaries. In addition, pathologists can deduce different criteria for judgment based on The Bethesda System, leading to potential confusion during data labeling. Noisy labels due to this reason are a great challenge for supervised learning. To address the problem caused by noisy labels, we propose a method based on label credibility correction for cervical cell images classification network. Firstly, a contrastive learning network is used to extract discriminative features from cell images to obtain more similar intra-class sample features. Subsequently, these features are fed into an unsupervised method for clustering, resulting in unsupervised class labels. Then unsupervised labels are corresponded to the true labels to separate confusable and typical samples. Through a similarity comparison between the cluster samples and the statistical feature centers of each class, the label credibility analysis is carried out to group labels. Finally, a cervical cell images multi-class network is trained using synergistic grouping method. In order to enhance the stability of the classification model, momentum is incorporated into the synergistic grouping loss. Experimental validation is conducted on a dataset comprising approximately 60,000 cells from multiple hospitals, showcasing the effectiveness of our proposed approach. The method achieves 2-class task accuracy of 0.9241 and 5-class task accuracy of 0.8598. Our proposed method achieves better performance than existing classification networks on cervical cancer.

Crisis of the Pseudoreal

This article discusses the history of film ontology and advocates to shift from traditional film interpretations to understanding all images as pseudoreal. Historically, film and images have been understood with an inherent connection to pro-filmic reality: the captured image represented what was in front of the camera at some point in time. While theories of how to retain a sense of film realism have evolved as the processes for capturing and altering images have improved, a proclivity towards the real has been maintained throughout most image interpretation techniques. Due to technological advancements in creating and altering images, the distinction between real and artificial within images has vanished; audiences cannot distinguish what is real or artificial within images. Consequently, the film-image will now be considered pseudoreal; images must be interpreted as completely severed from a relationship with pro-filmic reality. All images must now be understood with deference to the possibility that any or all of the image could be artificial. The first impulse to understanding images in the modern world should be to acknowledge that there is no inherent connection between an image and the real.

Unravelling complex mechanisms in materials processes with cryogenic electron microscopy.

Investigating nanoscale structural variations, including heterogeneities, defects, and interfacial characteristics, is crucial for gaining insight into material properties and functionalities. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is developing as a powerful tool in materials science particularly for non-invasively understanding nanoscale structures of materials. These advancements bring us closer to the ultimate goal of correlating nanoscale structures to bulk functional outcomes. However, while understanding mechanisms from structural information requires analysis that closely mimics operation conditions, current challenges in cryo-EM imaging and sample preparation hinder the extraction of detailed mechanistic insights. In this Perspective, we discuss the innovative strategies and the potential for using cryo-EM for revealing mechanisms in materials science, with examples from high-resolution imaging, correlative elemental analysis, and three-dimensional and time-resolved analysis. Furthermore, we propose improvements in cryo-sample preparation, optimized instrumentation setup for imaging, and data interpretation techniques to enable the wider use of cryo-EM and achieve deeper context into materials to bridge structural observations with mechanistic understanding.

Analysis of Speech Acts in Conversations Between Characters in the Film “Good Will Hunting (1997)”

Language is a crucial component of communication and serves as the foundation for interactions. In linguistics, there is a branch called pragmatics that studies speech acts. Pragmatics provides a framework for analyzing the relationship between language and context. Related to pragmatics, this research explores the classifications of speech acts in the film "Good Will Hunting (1997)”. This research aims to analyze the type of speech acts, as proposed by Searle (1976), that can be found in conversations between the characters Will Hunting and Sean Maguire. The film offers a narrative canvas to investigate representatives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declaratives. A descriptive qualitative method was employed in this research. The data was collected by employing attentive listening and note-taking methods and analyzed using descriptive and interpretative techniques. The findings of this research reveal a total of 61 speech acts, with representatives being the most dominant type with a total of 43 speeches, followed by directives totaling 8 speeches, 6 expressives, and both commissives and declaratives totaling 2 speeches each. The implications of these findings extend to a nuanced understanding of interpersonal communication in cinematic contexts. Keywords : pragmatics, speech acts, illocutionary acts

Exploration of Opportunities and Challenges of Technology-based Mathematics Teaching: Students and Teachers Perspectives

The pervasive integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education necessitates systematic investigation of its practical effectiveness in mathematics instruction, as empirical evidence of its impact on teaching and learning processes remains crucial for enhancing pedagogical practices. This study investigated the opportunities and challenges of ICT integration in mathematics instruction among Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) students majoring in mathematics and their teachers at Tribhuvan University. The information/data was gathered through interviews with eight students and four teachers who had studied and taught for various years (first, second, third, and fourth) using interpretative phenomenological techniques. From the study, it was found that high motivation, self-paced learning, conceptual understanding of contents, anytime-anywhere learning, opportunities for repeated learning, and feedback were the fundamental opportunities in the use of ICT. Furthermore, insufficient prior knowledge and skills on ICT use by both students and teachers, insufficient class time, less knowledge to prepare the course materials, less supportive infrastructure, insufficient access to ICT devices with internet, and availability of freely available software were found the challenges on the use of ICT.

Study of stratigraphic traps of the Southeastern part of Yevlakh-Agjabedi depression by seismic data

This study explores the identification and characterization of non-anticlinal traps within the southeastern part of the Yevlakh-Agjabedi Depression using advanced seismic exploration techniques. With an emphasis on the application of seismic data, particularly the Common Reflection Point (CRP) and 3D seismic methods, the research focuses on detecting stratigraphic traps formed by lateral and vertical variations in rock properties such as lithology, porosity, and facies. Primary and secondary stratigraphic traps are examined, with examples including stratigraphic traps formed by sedimentation and diagenesis processes. Building upon advancements in seismic exploration, this study applies state-of-the-art techniques to delineate and understand stratigraphic traps within the south-eastern part of the Yevlakh-Agjabedi Depression. By leveraging the CRP and 3D seismic methods, this research aims to overcome traditional limitations and provide a comprehensive analysis of these subtle geological structures. The integration of seismic data with well-logging and drilling data enhances the precision and reliability of trap identification, offering insights that are crucial for effective resource exploration and management. The study concludes that the application of advanced seismic exploration techniques, such as the Common Reflection Point (CRP) and 3D seismic imaging, has significantly improved the detection and characterization of stratigraphic traps in the geologically complex Yevlakh-Agjabedi Depression. By integrating seismic data with well-logging and drilling information, researchers have overcome challenges such as seismic noise and complex trap geometries, leading to more accurate mapping of these non-anticlinal traps. This integration has not only enhanced the identification of subtle variations in lithology and facies but also revealed the substantial hydrocarbon potential of the region. The findings emphasize the critical role of advanced geophysical methods and interdisciplinary approaches in optimizing exploration strategies and resource development in geologically similar settings. Future research should focus on refining seismic interpretation techniques and exploring deeper reservoirs to fully unlock the potential of stratigraphic traps for sustainable resource extraction.

A Comparative Study on Philosophy, Epistemology, and Methods of Teaching in Design Studios in the Beaux Art, Polytechnique, and Bauhaus: Regeneration, Development, or Transformation?

The paper aims to investigate some philosophical and epistemological foundations in collecting knowledge in three important schools of architecture including Beaux Art, Polytechnique, and Bauhaus. Those three schools not only had differentiation in the time and location but also different ontological views of the built environment. Despite the less philosophical arguments on the architecture education, the curriculum and structure of the design studios (ateliers) referred to the beliefs, ideology, and philosophy even though they were not explicit. The content analysis, logical argument, and interpretation techniques were applied in this research to compare, investigate, and analyze the content of design studios and curricula to demonstrate the epistemological approach and the philosophical foundations in those three schools. The findings of the research show some linkages between the contextual and philosophical movements in the times of the schools and the structure of teaching. The effective philosophical foundations in those schools included neoclassicism, idealism, and romanticism for Beaux Art, rationalism, empiricism, and functionalism for Polytechnique, and socialism, modernism, and constructivism for Bauhaus. While it was not possible to draw a distinctive line between other philosophical thoughts from the schools, however, those philosophical schools were more related. In conclusion, the research realized a significant connection between four factors that form any architecture school, curriculum, and studio including philosophical and ontological context, epistemological discourses on knowledge, architecture projects and context, and architect’s beliefs and ideology. These four factors orient architecture education. The results could be useful for architecture schools, which will guide the other schools to select their orientation in the future.

Critical strategies for enhancing Ukraine's financial security in wartime and postwar conditions

The recovery of Ukraine will be a lengthy and expensive process, necessitating the involvement of a coordinated international effort. The recovery process, which is partially defined by the country's EU accession programme, will entail not only the physical reconstruction of Ukraine but also the reintegration of Ukrainian society. These included theoretical approaches such as analysis, synthesis, theoretical modelling, and the generalisation of materials presented in the scientific literature and specialised archives on the subject under investigation. Additionally, empirical methods were utilised, including statistical and interpretive techniques (such as analysis, synthesis, and systematisation of the data obtained). A comprehensive search of 16 databases and search engines was conducted. The following databases were consulted: CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, EbscoHost, Embase, ERIC, Google Scholar, LILACS, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SportDiscus, TRID and Web of Science. On the basis of experience, particularly in the Balkans since the 1990s, the OSCE can make a significant contribution to Ukraine's recovery by providing assistance to the country's institutions in navigating the complexities of reintegration and EU accession. The necessity of such adaptation is underscored by the apparent demand in Ukrainian society, which has been subjected to Russia's full-scale military aggression that commenced on 24 February 2022 for stable postwar financial security. To maintain an optimal balance between the military and economic foundations of national security at a level that guarantees the reliable protection of the state's vital interests and ensures the resilience of the national economy in the face of Russia's economic and military aggression, Ukraine must prioritise the assurance of military-economic security. The economic interests of Ukraine, which is undergoing postcrisis recovery, are outlined. The content and specifics of the principal EU policy approaches aimed at enhancing Ukraine's economic security parameters to achieve the EU's three core objectives until 2030 are set forth.

Features of isolation and nature of low-resistivity oil-saturated reservoirs of the Middle Jurassic deposits of the Akshabulak Central field of the South Torgai oil and gas basin

At the current stage of development of the oil and gas industry of our country, additional exploration of existing fields, understudied promising areas, identification of missed horizons, methods of evaluation and development of non-standard reservoirs are of particular relevance. Reservoirs with low specific electrical resistivity can be referred to non-standard reservoirs, and there are some difficulties in assessing hydrocarbon prospects of these reservoirs. Low resistivity reservoirs can be productive reservoirs with high residual water saturation as well as reservoirs for which generally accepted interpretation techniques are ineffective. Proper analysis of the reasons that lead to underestimation of the resistivity of productive reservoirs allows choosing the most effective interpretation methods. The article is devoted to the study of the features of reservoirs with low electrical resistivity, their nature and role in the process of fluid accumulation. The basic methods of identification of low resistivity zones in reservoir rocks, their physical and chemical characteristics that cause low resistivity, including mineralogical composition, saturation, porosity, permeability and pore space structure, are considered, and their influence on the filtration-capacitance characteristics is analyzed. Approaches to integrating data from various methods (geophysical and geological-technological studies, laboratory measurements) are described. Special attention is paid to the influence of low resistivity on the interpretation of data from geophysical methods. The results of the study have significant practical potential for optimization of field development.