Interpretation Of Satellite Images Research Articles

Landslides and sinkholes of the karst environment in the vicinity of the Ufa river

Introduction. As a result of the conducted route reconnaissance and geological engineering surveys, data about the development pattern of exogenous processes at a site adjoining the city of Ufa were obtained. This region is well studied due to the extensively developed karst. Although landslides are less prevalent here, their development is frequently connected with the karst intensification. Landslides, formed in sites of sinkholes and topographic lowering, are well represented in other regions of the Russian Federation. Aim. To study the characteristics of landslide formation. In addition, the mechanism of forming landslides, confined to rock massif decompaction zones, is analysed.Materials and methods. A mechanism of landslide formation in the sites of karst development is proposed. The work is based on the analysis of the results obtained in previous researchers of 1997, 2013 and 2017, interpretation of satellite images, digital terrain model and topographic, geomorphological and engineering-geological maps, as well as reconnaissance surveys. The peculiarity of engineering-geological conditions makes it possible to study the formation and development of two exogenous processes simultaneously (karst and landslides) in the selected area. The area under study included the exit section of Ufa city along the slopes of the Solotchi and Ufa rivers. According to the law established by Bondarik, Pendin and Yarg in 2007, “...some geological processes prepare others, which, in turn prepare the next ones, etc. and, as a result, so-called cascade processes develop...”. Exogenous geological processes of karst and landslides, developing in one section of the geological massif, are considered.Results. The formation of cavities is confined to the tectonic fracturing, along whose surface underground waters flow into the depths of the rock massif. The hydrodynamic zonation varies in time with the substraction of a filler and a release of previously formed cracks, cavities and voids. As long as the vertical pressure in soils and layer bearing capacity remain stable, no deformation of the massif above the cavity is observed. As a result of the study, the process sequence was presented for consideration, as well as the assumption was made about the lateral repulse crack deforming the slope surface after the formation of a block at the depth.Conclusion. The formation of karst sinkholes was demonstrated to intensify landslide processes on the slope surface.

Sinjar Anticline Northwest of Iraq: A Tectonic Geomorphological Study

The Sinjar Anticline (Mountain) is an outstanding structural and geomorphic feature in the northwestern part of Iraq. The anticline is a double plunging with almost E – W trend dividing the gently rolling plain in which it is developed into two parts, Al-Jazira Plain in the south and Rabi’a Plain in the north. The Sinjar anticline is asymmetrical with steeper northern limb (45 – 80)° and gentler southern limb (15 – 25)°, its length is about 80 km, whereas the width ranges between (9.25 – 12. 5) km. The oldest exposed rocks belong to the Shiranish Formation, whereas the youngest rocks belong to the Fatha Formation. Different geomorphological and structural forms were observed through interpretation of satellite images, geological and topographical maps of different scales, beside field observations. Among those forms are: Abandoned alluvial fans, radial, inclined, and cross-shaped valleys, whale-back shape, wind gaps, and parasitic folds. All these forms are good indications about the lateral growth of the anticline. Neotectonic measurements were carried to estimate the rates of upward and downward movements. These estimations were performed by measuring the elevation of the contact between the Fatha (Middle Miocene) and Injana (Late Miocene) formations at different selected locations on both sides of the anticline. Keywords: Sinjar anticline, lateral growth, neotectonic movements, wind gap, abandoned alluvial fans

Statistical Analysis of the Potential of Landslides Induced by Combination between Rainfall and Earthquakes

This study analyzed the potential of landslides induced by the interaction between rainfall and earthquakes. Dapu Township and Alishan Township in Chiayi County, southern Taiwan, were included as study areas. From satellite images and the literature, we collected data for multiple years and time series and then used the random forest data mining algorithm for satellite image interpretation. A hazard index for the interaction between earthquakes and rainfall (IHERI) was proposed, and an index for the degree of land disturbance (IDLD) was estimated to explore the characteristics of IHERI under specific natural environmental and slope land use conditions. The results revealed that among the investigated disaster-causing factors, the degree of slope land use disturbance, the slope of the natural environment, and rainfall exerted the strongest effect on landslide occurrence. When IHERI or IDLD was higher, the probability of a landslide also increased, and under conditions of a similar IDLD, the probability of landslides increased as the IHERI value increased, and vice versa. Thus, given the interaction between rainfall and earthquakes in the study area, the effect of the degree of slope land use disturbance on landslides should not be ignored. The results of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that the areas under the ROC curve for landslides induced by different trigger factors were all above 0.94. The results indicate that the area in which medium–high-level landslides are induced by an interaction between rainfall and earthquakes is large.

Geomorphological Study of Sulaymaniyah Vicinity Using Satellite Images, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Visual interpretation of satellite images is a very significant technique to recognize and interpret geomorphological features. We have used Esri World Imagery and Google Earth images to recognize geomorphological features at Pira Magroon, Surdash, and Azmar anticlines in Sulaymaniyah vicinity, Kurdistan Region, north of Iraq. The mentioned anticlines are outstanding geomorphological features in the Sulaymaniyah vicinity. The recognized and interpreted geomorphological features include: wine glasses, water gaps, wind gaps, abandoned and recent alluvial fans, different types of valleys, flat irons, karstification features …etc. All these features were discussed in detail with many images to show the discussed cases, most of the interpreted data and presented figures were never mentioned previously.

Road extraction through digital processing and visual interpretation of satellite images

Road extraction plays an important role in urban planning and city extension issues, as well as in road monitoring, traffic management and map updating. Technological advances may offer a wealth of data and techniques that could be implemented in road delineation and extraction, as well as in change detection projects. Among the various methods that have been developed for this purpose, remote sensing techniques and especially digital processing of satellite data could contribute significantly in this direction. This paper presents the study of a road network which concerns the city of Kastoria located in northwestern Greece and its surrounding area. The special character of the road network is closely related to the city’s cultural value which is depicted in its structure. Satellite images of various spatial resolutions were employed for digital processing. Landsat 8 imagery was used in order to detect and delineate the linear features through spatial enhancement, while Landsat 5 images were used to detect changes over time through visual interpretation. Semi-automatic techniques were applied to SPOTmaps products to extract the road network, while an object-oriented approach was applied to QuickBird imagery in order to combine the spatial components with spectral properties. Through semi-automatic digitization and object-oriented workflows, the export of the studied part of the road network in vector format was achieved, thus facilitating the process and reducing the required time. The resulted data are efficient in road network delineation and could be combined with other data for road maintenance and extension, change detection issues, as well as for cultural and touristic purposes.

Distribution of large- and medium-scale loess landslides induced by the Haiyuan Earthquake in 1920 based on field investigation and interpretation of satellite images

Abstract Studying the distribution law and influencing factors of coseismic landslides has important scientific significance and engineering value for understanding the mechanism of seismic landslides and predicting the occurrence of seismic landslides. After a hundred years, these large- and medium-scale landslides induced by the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake are still well-preserved and have extremely high academic research value. About 620 loess seismic landslides induced by the Haiyuan earthquake in 1920 were investigated on site. On this basis, the shape differences between seismic landslides and gravity landslides were summarized; 605 landslides were identified by satellite images, and the Haiyuan earthquake-induced loess landslide database containing seismic information and landslide information was established. The distribution law and morphological characteristics of large- and medium-sized landslides induced by the Haiyuan earthquake were systematically counted according to the conditions of the landslide-intensive area, intensity, and fault upper and lower plates. The influencing factors of loess earthquake landslides were summarized, and the following conclusions were obtained: (1) 1,225 large- and medium-sized landslides were induced by the Haiyuan earthquake in 1920. These landslides have the characteristics of long sliding distance, large single scale, and strong disaster-causing. They are mainly distributed in three concentrated areas of Xiji, Haiyuan, and Pengyang. The landslide morphological characteristics of the three landslide-intensive areas are different because the landslide sliding mechanism caused by topography and lithology is different. (2) The landslide distribution has obvious clustering, zonation, and directivity, and has an obvious river distance effect and fault hanging wall effect. (3) The internal influencing factors such as stratum lithology, topography, fault location, and direction, and the role of water control the occurrence location and scale of landslide. The external factor of an earthquake is an important incentive and control factor for landslide occurrence.

The large deep-seated landslide induced by the March 12th, 2012 rainfall event in the city of Azazga, Northern Algeria: deformation characteristics and failure mechanisms

A rainfall-induced deep large landslide occurred on March 12, 2012, in the city of Azazga (Northern Algeria), causing heavy damages to residential buildings and public infrastructures. In this work, we investigate the inventory mapping, the deformation characteristics, the controlling factors, and the failure mechanisms of this landslide based on the field investigation, aerial photographs and satellite images interpretation, deep boreholes equipped with piezometers and inclinometers, as well as subsurface geophysical imaging by electric resistivity tomography (ERT). The obtained landslide inventory map shows that the landslide of March 2012 affected an area of 0.40 km2. This landslide is considered as a partial reactivation of a large pre-existing one (0.606 km2), which represents 6.65% of the total urban area. Moreover, the analyses identified two types of causative factors: (1) the triggering factor related to the high intensity and antecedent rainfall as well as human activity through slope excavations and embankments; and (2) the susceptibility factors related to the lithological nature and the internal structure of the flysch deposits, their weak mechanical resistance characteristics, the presence of shallow aquifers, and basal undercutting erosion of the Iazoughen and Aboud river torrents. The inclinometer measurements and ERT imaging reveal a complex, deep-seated and rapidly moving landslide whose failure surfaces are located at a depth of 11–29 m with an average velocity of 1–29 cm year−1. The entire slip surface is located along the geotechnical interface between the flysch bedrock and the overlying scree. This comprehensive study provides useful information on rainfall-induced landslides and may constitute guidance for landslide hazard mitigation and prevention.

Development of a geospatial database of tailing storage facilities in Australia using satellite images.

Tailings storage facilities (TSFs) are the main source of pollution from mining operations. However, TSFs are increasingly being considered as the potential secondary sources of some critical minerals. Recovering the critical minerals from TSFs is important due to both environmental and economic implications. Yet, identification of the potential TSFs is the major challenge in this venture due to the lack of publicly available database of TSFs. The objective of this study was to identify the TSFs and document their status in the form of a database for Australia. Visual inspection and interpretation of satellite images in Google Earth were used to identify the TSFs in 6 states and the publicly available database of TSFs for Western Australia (WA) was validated in this study to incorporate into a national-level database. This study has identified 331 active and 759 inactive TSFs in Australia. Among the sites, 42 active and 56 inactive mine sites with TSFs were found within 2km of urban centres in the studied states. Coal and gold were the major commodities of 27% of active mine sites with the TSFs and 38% of inactive mine sites with TSFs, respectively. Approximately 16% of active mine sites with TSFs and 28% of inactive mine sites with TSFs were found to process copper as a major commodity. Considering the companionability matrix, many of these TSFs could be explored for the possible recovery of critical minerals (e.g. rare earth elements, cobalt). This study has developed a national-level database of TSFs for Australia for the first time, and it could be used for a number of applications.

Maintaining Carbon Storage Does Not Reduce Fish Production from Mangrove-Fish Pond System: A Case Study in Coastal Area of Subang District, West Java, Indonesia

Deforestation and degradation of mangrove forests can be categorized as key environmental problems in Indonesia. These problems are majorly driven by overexploitation and the conversion of mangroves into brackish water aquaculture areas. One of the most common aquaculture systems traditionally developed in the coastal areas is the mangrove-fish pond system that combines fish production with existing trees. This study aims to analyze the environmental and economic aspects of mangrove-fish pond aquaculture in different levels of mangrove cover in the coastal area of Subang District, West Java, Indonesia. The spatial analysis method was used to analyze mangrove distribution and identify the current coverage in the aquaculture area. The economic aspect was analyzed, based on the costs and revenue from fish production, while the environmental aspect was represented by carbon storage, which is among the crucial mangrove ecosystem services. This study estimated carbon storage in the four-carbon pools: above- and below-ground biomass, deadwood, and litterfall. Based on the combination of visual interpretation of Sentinel 2A satellite images and field observations, approximately 667 ha of mangrove-fish pond was identified. This study found that there were no significant differences in fish production and net income from mangrove-fish pond aquaculture at various levels of mangrove cover. Meanwhile, the ponds with high mangrove cover stored higher carbon than those with medium and low mangrove covers. This indicates that maintaining carbon storage does not reduce fish production from mangrove-fish pond aquaculture.

Distribution and Mobility of Coseismic Landslides Triggered by the 2018 Hokkaido Earthquake in Japan

At 3:08 on 6 September 2018 (UTC +9), massive landslides were triggered by an earthquake of Mw 6.6 that occurred in Hokkaido, Japan. In this paper, a coseismic landslide inventory that covers 388 km2 of the earthquake-impacted area and includes 5828 coseismic landslides with a total landslide area of 23.66 km2 was compiled by using visual interpretations of various high-resolution satellite images. To analyze the spatial distribution and characteristics of coseismic landslides, five factors were considered: the peak ground acceleration (PGA), elevation, slope gradient, slope aspect, and lithology. Results show more than 87% of the landslides occurred at 100 to 200 m elevations. Slopes in the range of 10~20°are the most susceptible to failure. The landslide density of the places with peak ground acceleration (PGA) greater than 0.16 g is obviously larger than those with PGA less than 0.02 g. Compared with the number and scale of coseismic landslides caused by other strong earthquakes and the mobility of the coseismic landslides caused by the Haiyan and Wenchuan earthquakes, it was found that the distribution of coseismic landslides was extremely dense and that the mobility of the Hokkaido earthquake was greater than that of the Wenchuan earthquake and weaker than that of the Haiyuan earthquake, and is described by the following relationship: L = 18.454 ∗ H0.612. Comparative analysis of coseismic landslides with similar magnitude has important guiding significance for disaster prevention and reduction and reconstruction planning of landslides in affected areas.

Kajian Tingkat Kesesuaian Penggunaan Lahan Terhadap Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah dalam Upaya Mitigasi Bencana di Kecamatan Baturraden Kabupaten Banyumas

Land use suitability aims to align land use with the development planned by the government as stated in the Regional Spatial Plan. Baturraden District has an area of 4550.76 Ha. This study aims to determine the level of suitability of land use to RTRW in disaster mitigation efforts in Baturraden District, Banyumas Regency. This research is a descriptive research using field survey methods (field research) and geospatial analysis approaches to conduct spatial analysis of land use suitability to RTRW. The population in this study is in the form of land use forms. The sampling technique for land use forms in this study was to use the total sampling technique. The types of data used in this study are secondary data in the form of Landsat Imagery, RBI Map scale 1:25,000 and Banyumas Regency RTRW Map scale 1:40,000. The data collection used is in the form of field observations, interpretation of satellite images, and documentation. Secondary data processing is carried out by overlaying between the Baturraden District Land Use Map and the Banyumas Regency RTRW Map. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptive to explain the degree of suitability of land use to RTRW. The results of this study show that the level of land use suitability of Baturraden District in 2021 is divided into 2 classifications, namely the appropriate and non-appropriate levels. The area in accordance with the RTRW is 2813.18 Ha (61.81%), while the area is not in accordance with the RTRW which is 1737.57 Ha (38.18%). The value of land use suitability in Baturraden District is in the appropriate category (51-100%). Land use suitability is included in the pre-disaster stage, the level of land use suitability is included in the appropriate classification, it is more effective to realize the resilience of the territory from disasters.

REFLECTION OF KIMBERLITE POSITION ON MATERIALS OF SATELLITE IMAGE INTERPRETATION USING THE GEONOM TECHNIQUES

The GEONOM technique developed by the author for interpretation of satellite images has made it possible to distinguish anomalies of color shades, to which almost all known explosion pipes of the Zimneberezhny region in the Arkhangelsk Region, as well as most of such structures in the studied areas of Yakutia, Karelia, and the Kola Peninsula, are spatially confined. The technique is based on removal (complete or partial) of the influence of topographic relief shadows, clouds, and snow covers from a satellite image. It is implemented as the special computer program GEONOM. The essence of the technique consists in distinguishing anomalies of color shades in satellite images, that are spatially related to the prospecting targets. Results obtained using the technique are represented as a map of the anomalies of color shades. Such anomalies may fix manifestations of neotectonic, hydrogeological, and other factors that cause the specific coloring of landscapes near the explosion pipes. In spite of that the geological and landscape nature of the anomalies of color shades, distinguished using the GEONOM technique, is discussable, their spatial relationship to the explosion pipes is very real. Focusing of prospection works for new explosion pipes in areas of local magnetic anomalies, spatially associated with such anomalies of color shades, can significantly increase their effectiveness.

Characterization of irrigation water of Gurgaon canal command area using geospatial techniques

There are four major irrigation systems and two minor/ micro irrigation systems available in the state for irrigating the crops. Gurgaon canal flowing through Gurgaon, Rewari and Palwal districts in NCR has been chosen for analysis. Gurgaon canal takes delivery of millions of industrial and domestic waste matters. The objective of the study is to characterize the water quality of Gurgaon canal for irrigation suitability and using geospatial techniques to generate of interpolation maps of individual parameters to find out points of maximum concentration and likelihood of probable agricultural land being affected by pollutant concentration beyond prescribed limit in nearby agricultural land area. The discharge of untreated industrial effluents into the surface water bodies is a major source of surface as well as groundwater pollution. The analysis of canal water samples collected from different locations in the study area were polluted with industrial effluents and resulted in high concentration of soluble salts and exchangeable cations which may create degradation of soil and groundwater quality while making it unsuitable for irrigation purpose. The Gurgaon canal water at different locations were found high in electrical conductivity, TDS, Bicarbonates and RSC which are the indicators of presence of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium which ultimately create salinity and sodality in the soils and these are also responsible for continuous degradation of soil. The high electrical conductivity value of water samples indicates that the discharge of chemicals as cations and anions were higher in canal water which may be due to the mixing of industrial effluent discharged from industrial areas. The higher values of residual sodium carbonate are due to high concentration of bicarbonate which is responsible to create hardness of soil and water logging conditions in the area due to clogging of soil pores. Use of geospatial techniques help to predict and prevent the further extent of loss and deterioration of soil, plant human health, quality of irrigation and drinking water through satellite image interpretation and other tools. This study is focused to mitigate the deteriorating effect of industrial effluent being mixed with irrigation water which may in turn effect soil health and crop production.

The Application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography using Wenner-Schlumberger Arrays Configuration to Identify the Geological Structure in Kancah Warm Spring, West Java Indonesia

Kancah warm spring is located in the southern part of Tangkuban Perahu Volcano, in West Java Indonesia. This warm spring has a temperature 470 C and a pH of 3 and it is used as a source of water for nearby tourist attractions. This warm spring has a large discharge, with the source thought to be from subsurface water associated with Tangkuban Perahu Volcanic complex. Knowing the source and geological control of this warm spring is one way to further identify the Tangkuban Perahu geothermal system, especially its permeability. For that reason, this research aims to using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method to identify the geological structure that controls the appearance of geothermal manifestation using the resistivity method with Wenner – Schlumberger arrays configuration. The study starts with lineament study using DEM to identify the structure in surface and then determine the geometry of subsurface geological structures are using the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method using the Wenner - Schlumberger configuration. with a length 320 meters of each line and the electrode spacing is 10 m. The results of the interpretation of satellite images show that there is a lineament which is interpreted as a fault structure with a NE-SW direction that is right at the location of the discharge of the warm spring. There are 3 - 4 faults identified in each profile, some of the faults identified beneath the Kancah spring and may controlled the warm spring. These faults are a permeable that flows hydrothermal fluids from the subsurface to the surface in the form of warm spring..The lithology beneath of Kancah warm spring are dominated by breccia pyroclastics, clays, and a small amount of andesite igneous rocks.

Contrasting beach‐ridge systems in different types of coastal settings

AbstractBeach‐ridge systems are geomorphological features common in every type of coast and have been widely interpreted as geo‐archives of past sea‐level, climatic, or tectonic changes. These relict morphological elements are well‐known by their facies, architecture, stratigraphy, and evolution. However, the coastal context where beach ridges are formed has never been evaluated. Coastal beach‐ridge systems were classified into four main types corresponding to deltaic strandplains, non‐deltaic strandplains, spits, and barrier islands. Our study consisted of three scales of analysis: (1) the entire beach‐ridge system; (2) beach‐ridge sets; and (3) individual beach ridges.Several beach‐ridge systems having formed in different types of coastal settings are compared by their present characteristics. Geomorphic data generated from processing and interpreting satellite images combined with previous studies are used to quantify multi‐scale attributes of beach‐ridge systems. These attributes include the area, length, width, number of sets, number of ridges per set, set rotation, ridge spacing, and ridge elevation. Our findings demonstrate that significant differences define beach‐ridge systems including deltaic strandplains, large non‐deltaic strandplains, small non‐deltaic strandplains, large spits (cuspate forelands), small spits (flying spits, bay‐mouth spits and tombolos) and barrier islands. A more comprehensive characterization of the factors controlling beach‐ridge variability will improve our ability to recognize the sedimentary record of ancient of these systems. The proposed basic platform can be used to isolated different beach‐ridge types and systems to facilitate future process and morphodynamic studies.

Prediction of Erosion and Sedimentation in Micro Catchment Area of Air Lanang Using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model

This research aims to obtain erosion and sedimentation rate data in the micro catchment area of Air Lanang using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) modelling within existing and scenario land uses. Geographically, the study area is located between latitude 3°26`23.48” - 3°31`46.09” S and longitude 102°24`11.74” - 102°28`26.35” E with a total area of 2987.06 ha. Soil analysis was conducted in the Soil Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu. The research data was analysed using SWAT model. Recorded data in this study were including soil analysis data, soil type map from land unit and soil map book Bengkulu sheet (0912) Sumatra, data of status area from KLHK, Digital Elevation Model National data from BIG, a set of climate data from BMKG, data of administrative border from RBI map Bengkulu Province and data of land use from the interpretation of satellite image and ground checking, as well as the scenario land use which was prepared following the community forest program from the government in the protected forest by converting the coffee plantation located within the protected forest area to woody plants with economic, social and conservative values. The results showed total erosion in the micro catchment area of Air Lanang with the existing land use in 2020 was 820731.87 ton year-1, while in the scenario land use was 288212.45 ton/year which were classified to very light, light, moderate, heavy and very heavy in class erosion. Based on the existing land use data, there was a decrease of erosion in the moderate to very heavy class of erosion for 7.27 % resulting in the very light and light class of erosion become 15.55 % after the simulation of the scenario land use model. The use of scenario land use model is effective to decrease erosion and sedimentation rate. The total sedimentation in the micro catchment area of Air Lanang in existing land use in 2020 was 354949.98 ton year-1 with the highest sedimentation in sub-basin 2 while the lowest sedimentation was found in sub-basin 12. On the other hand, the total sedimentation in the scenario land use model was 137365.04 ton year-1. The reduction of total sedimentation in existing land use in 2020 to the scenario land use model was 36.76 %.

INFLUENCE OF THE HYDROLOGICAL REGIME ON THE STATE OF FLOODPLAIN GEOSYSTEMS OF THE CHARYN RIVER

The paper deals with the influence of the hydrological regime of the Charyn River, where the Bestyubinsk reservoir was built in 2012, on the state of floodplain geosystems. The research aims to identify and analyze the impact of regulation of the Charyn River flow reservoir on the state of geosystems. Research tasks include (1) calculating and analyzing the hydrological regime of the Charyn River; (2) identifying the sections of the river floodplain most susceptible to the threat of flooding before and after the construction of the reservoir; (3) compiling comprehensive physical and geographical characteristics of the floodplain geosystems of the Taskarasu Valley subject to frequent flooding. In the analysis of the hydrological regime of the river, we used difference and total integral curves to identify the cycles of fluctuations in the annual runoff. The river runoff was estimated by the change in the parameter of the mean annual runoff for 2004–2018. As a result of the interpretation of satellite images, using the Automated Water Extraction Index integrated with ArcGIS, the most frequently flooded area of the river floodplain for this period was identified. The time and area of flooding were determined. Based on the data obtained, the flooded areas were compared for 2004–2018. The advantages of visual observation using satellite images are the ability to clearly and intelligibly visualize the flooded area and systematically, as quickly as possible, reach the required site coordinates using decoded digital data, which is necessary when studying the functioning of geosystems. To describe the state of the floodplain geosystems most susceptible to flooding, we used the data for many years of field landscape studies. Thus, comprehensive physical and geographical characteristics of the Taskarasu Valley were given.

Landslide hazard assessment of the Norak region of Tadjikistan

Introduction. The application of geographic information system (GIS) technologies is a promising technology for mapping and evaluating landslide hazards. At present, satellite-based terrestrial sensing is widely used. Satellite images make it possible not only to identify individual landslides, particularly in hard-to-reach areas, but also to identify those locations where landslide processes have manifested, are manifesting and may manifest themselves in the future.Aim. Mapping of the present landslide propagation in the territory of the Norak region of Tajikistan using satellite imaging and GIS.Materials and methods. In the course of the study, maps of landslide propagation were compiled both automatically and manually. An analysis of the results of previous studies and interpretations of satellite images was conducted. Digital models of the relief, as well as topographic, geomorphological, engineering and geological maps, were investigated.Results. A detailed map of landslide phenomena was compiled in the GIS format and a database of landslide phenomena was created for the first time for the territory of the Norak region of the Republic of Tajikistan.Conclusions. The conducted zoning showed that, out of the total landslide number, 24%, 36%, 10%, 18% and 12% correspond to very small, small, medium, large, and very large landslides, respectively. The landslide processes are developed across the area of 2601×104 m2, which accounts for the 4% of the total area of the district. The results demonstrate that the approach used in this study may be applicable to the landslide hazard assessment in hard-to-reach and poorly studied regions.

HrreNet: semantic segmentation network for moderate and high-resolution satellite images

ABSTRACT Semantic segmentation is a commonly used intelligent interpretation method. However, semantic segmentation via deep learning usually faces several problems: resolution loss due to downsampling, difficulty in obtaining context information, and imprecise object boundaries. These problems lead to a poor performance when using satellite images instead of conventional images and limit the value of intelligent interpretation of satellite images in practical application. In this study, we construct a Qilian Ecological Resource Extraction Dataset (QERED) with multiple scene satellite images of Qilian after preprocessing via correction, fusion, mosaic, and annotation. We then propose a segmentation network, namely, High-resolution Resource Extracting Network (HrreNet), by using high-resolution feature representation, multi-scale context fusion, boundary refinement with relearning, and structural similarity loss. Experiments on QERED show that HrreNet greatly improves performance on small-size objects and slightly improves performance on larger-size objects. HrreNet achieves the best result of 73.36% mIoU on a moderate-resolution satellite dataset CCFD and 80.87% mIoU on a high-resolution satellite dataset Vaihingen.

Aplikasi Remote Sensing dan Geographic Information System Untuk Monitoring Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Dalam Menunjang LP2B Di Subak Intaran Barat, Kota Denpasar

Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Aplication For Monitoring Land Use Change In Supporting LP2B In Subak Intaran Barat, Denpasar City. Subak Intaran Barat is one of 41 subak in Denpasar City which has been designated as Sustainable Subak and agro-ecotourism and is recommended as a Sustainable Food Agricultural Land area. This study aims to create a thematic map of changes in paddy land use in 2012 and 2018, a map of paddy land ownership, and compile an information system of Land Resources (SDL), Artificial Resources (SDB), and Agricultural Resources (SDP). This research method, namely: analysis of satellite images, surveys and mapping. The stages of this research are: literature study, interpretation of satellite images, field surveys and interviews, reinterpretation of satellite images, mapping and compilation of attribute data for SDL, SDB, SDP, and land ownership. Changes in land use for 6 years (2012-2018) in the West Intaran subak covering an area of 8.9 acres. The number of Subak farmers is 76 people. The status of the owner is 6 people with a land area of 6.85 acres (8.00%) and 70 smallholders with a land area of 79.55 acres (92%) who come from Sanur Kauh Village. Land resources found in Subak Intaran Barat are: irrigation canals (5,120 m), jogging track (1,960 m), rainfall 1500-2000 mm/year, slope 0-2%, soil type Typic Tropaquepts Isohiptermic, rice crop rotation patterns, horticulture-rice.