Professional Interpretations Research Articles

Semiotic Analysis: A Study Of The Interpretation Of Road Signs Among Professional And Non-Professional Drivers In District Mardan

The aim of the current study is to examine how professional and non-professional drivers can comprehend the traffic signs that are most prevalent in the Mardan region. This research intends to draw attention to the differences between drivers' perceptions and understanding. This study also intends to determine how education affects the comprehension and interpretation of professional and non-professional drivers. To conduct this study, the researchers have collected data from non-professional and professional drivers of the Mardan region. The drivers were interviewed, and based on their responses; they were divided into professional and non-professional drivers. The study's main objective is to shed light on how professional and nonprofessional drivers interpret traffic signs that they come into close contact with. The researchers came to the conclusion that professional drivers' interpretations differ from those of non-professional drivers. The study also discovered that drivers mostly depend on their driving experience for comprehension rather than their educational background.

Patient-Centred Outcomes after Totally Endoscopic Cardiac Surgery: One-Year Follow-Up

Patient-centred outcomes have grown in popularity over recent years in surgical care research. These patient-centred outcomes can be measured through the health-related quality of life (HRQL) without professional interpretations. In May 2022, a study regarding patient-centred outcomes up to 90 days postoperatively was published. Fourteen days after surgery, the HRQL decreased and returned to baseline levels after 30 days. Next, the HRQL significantly improved 90 days postoperatively. However, this study only focuses on a short-term follow-up of the patients. Hence, this follow-up study aims to assess the HRQL one year after totally endoscopic cardiac surgery. At baseline, 14, 30, and 90 days, and one year after surgery, the HRQL was evaluated using a 36-item short form and 5-dimensional European QoL questionnaires (EQ-5D). Using the 36-item short form questionnaire, a physical and mental component score is calculated. Over the period of one year, this physical and mental component score and the EQ-5D index value significantly improve. According to the visual analogue scale of the EQ-5D, patients score their health significantly higher one year postoperatively. In conclusion, after endoscopic cardiac surgery, the HRQL is significantly improved 90 days postoperatively and remains high one year afterward.

Professional Women, Nation-Making, and the Negotiation of Difference at Boarding Schools in Bougainville and Solomon Islands

Workplace dynamics and professionalism have been left out of scholarship on the nation-making undertaken by the middle class in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. This article analyses how female teachers at secondary boarding schools challenged conservative ideals about their roles in the workplace. Students and teachers discovered important similarities amongst the significant cultural diversity at each boarding school. These discoveries were a part of their nation-making but were also the means through which they navigated inconsistencies between expectations about the role of women in the workplace and what professional behaviour should entail. Despite pressure to include their motherhood in their professional identities, women could utilise reconciliation practices and shame to assert themselves with male colleagues. The data show students utilising their own interpretation of professionalism to delegitimise violence as a way to exert power over others.

Toponymic Legends of Ural Amateur Miners

This article analyses the legends of Ural amateur miners (gorshchiks) — people who recover precious stones and gemstones as their private business. The folklore of amateur miners still remains virtually unstudied; that differentiates it from the folklore of professional miners (gorniaks). The research is based on field records of various periods, both published and unpublished. These records are part of the card index Vocabulary, Toponymy, Ethnography of the Stone kept at the Department of the Russian Language, General Linguistics and Verbal Communication (Ural Federal University). The article demonstrates that the legends spring from the real working practices of amateur miners; traditional motifs, including fantastic ones, add to these legends. The research centres on toponymic legends which are considered as a source for deriving the inner form and motivation of the place name (toponym). The author points out that applying to historical records and a comprehensive ethnolinguistic analysis help establish if the motivation of the toponym given in the legend is correct or erroneous. The research reveals that a correlation between a firmly established legendary motif and a firmly established nominative model helps correctly determine the motivation of a toponym. In addition, the amateur miners’ legends are seen as a source for studying their way of life and worldview. The article analyses the following motifs characteristic of the amateur miners’ legends: the stroke of luck and the chance discovery of gemstones, the not given treasure and the unlucky development of a mine, the prophetic dream, the violation of a taboo and punishment for greed, the miraculous richness of mines. The author highlights specific professional interpretations that well-known folklore motifs acquire in the amateur miners’ legends. Specifically, the self-burial of the Chud people is replaced by the motif of treasure burial.

ASKERİ EĞİTİMİNİN SUBAYLARIN SOSYAL YETERLİLİĞİ İLE PSİKOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ

Modern changing world has raised the issue about new interpretation of professionalism and professionals for science. Consequently, new concepts - competence and adequacy has appeared. In the context of the country's independence, the military education system has changed: military education or military training takes place according to two modules: the old (defense-oriented) and the "new" (cooperation-oriented). Accordingly, the competencies of the officers trained under these two systems should also be different according to these two accents. The aim of the study was therefore to study, describe and analyze the effects of the possible impact of the education system on the formation of psychological characteristics defining the social competence of officers trained in different military education systems, as well as the size and limits of influence. Based on hypothesis of research, the object of the research is: Self-esteem, tolerance, subjective assessment of happiness and motivation to achievement. Interviewer and testing methods were used in the study. The research tool was an integrated test questionnaire, which included: A scale to measure the feeling of happiness. The scale is formulated in the form of a single question. It is obtained by reconstructing a Fordis happiness measurement instrument. As a result of adapting to the Georgian population, the question is as follows: “In general, can you say that you are .... very happy; Quite happy; Not so happy; More unhappy; Bogdarus Scale for Tolerance for Different Groups, and Achievement Motivation Test Questionnaire (22 questions) (Dubenik N., 2009); Data were processed using SPSS, differences in validity were checked by t-test. The hypothesis of the research that the structure of the psychological characteristics of social competence of the officer's trained in the military education system based on partnership for the protection of global security and democracy should have been different from the structure of the psychological characteristics of social competence of the officer's trained in the military education system, is confirmed by the research results.

"Life, Color, Warmth and Truth"

This paper proposes a mathematical model for expressive timing in German late Romantic organ music based on Riemannian phrasing principles. The model is built following the symmetric hierarchical motivic scheme and then applied to the organ work of Max Reger. It was shown that music expressive content is carried by the model parameter defined as temporal elasticity. Along with the standard analytical and empirical evaluation, the model was also evaluated in terms of its naturalness. We found that the correlation between model and human performance is comparable with the correlation between distinct professional human interpretations.

Changes in Professionalism Through the Practice of Telemedicine: Conceptualizing a Situated Sense Filter

Drawing on Schatzki's theoretical concepts of practice, this article explores how health professionals change and form professionalism in the encounter with practices in telemedicine settings with physiotherapeutic online exercises and nursing video consultations in-home care in two municipalities in Denmark. Analyses in this paper bases on an 18-month ethnographic field study with 158 observations with ethnographic interviews and 16 interviews with six health professionals (n=6), to get insight into health professionals experiences on health professionals experiences on practices in telemedicine settings. Drawing on the analyses the paper unfolds a concept, "situated-sense-filtering" as a professional method. The concept demonstrates how individuals interpretation of ontologically altered practice changes and forms professionalism. The paper emphasizes a point that lack of collective interpretations of professionalism overrides professions' influence on their professionalism. The article suggests political and institutional supports on professional collective processes changing professionalism through the practice of telemedicine.

Professionalism in teaching and the role of teacher education

ABSTRACT In this article, I discuss the status of teaching as a profession using Gardner and Shulman’s framework emerging from their empirical examination of the professions in America and use Bernstein’s sociology of knowledge to help explain how recontextualizing agents struggle to dominate the construction and interpretation of professionalism in teaching. I use data from a major cross-national study of university-based teacher education to illustrate efforts to define the professional knowledge needed for teaching and the wide degree of variability in the opportunities provided to teachers to learn such knowledge. The essential role of teacher education in sustaining the teaching profession emerges very clearly from these analyses. I conclude that the education field needs to develop the capacity to ensure teachers’ professional learning and that these efforts need to be informed by use-inspired research and an inquiry culture in university-based teacher education programmes.

РИНОК РЕСТОРАННИХ ПОСЛУГ ПРИЧОРНОМОРСЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ У ПЕРІОД КОРОНАКРИЗИ

The article considers the specifics of the market of restaurant services in the Black Sea Region of Ukraine at the present stage of “restart” of enterprises in this sector of service. The aim of the study was to study the current state of the market of restaurant services in Odesa, Kherson and Mykolaiv regions and identify trends in the development of food establishments in the Black Sea region as the most popular domestic tourism destinations in Ukraine in the coronavirus crisis. Catering establishments of the city of Odesa traditionally remain leaders in the market of restaurant services of Ukraine; trends of reset of the restaurant industry in Odesa, Kherson and Mykolaiv regions correspond to those in Europe and the world have been identified. We have used a set of general and special methods in this article (they are historical and logical method, method of analysis and synthesis, diagram method, scientific abstraction). We reviewed the literature, business websites and used some professional interpretations. Catering establishments of the city of Odesa traditionally remain leaders in the market of restaurant services of Ukraine as the monitoring of the market environment of the hospitality industry for 2020-2021 have been proven. The restaurant business and the catering sector are implementing a variety of trade formats and new thematic concepts implemented through culinary diversity and different price levels while maintaining high standards of quality, healthy and balanced food that meets the urgent needs of consumers. Maintaining health in the context of coronavirus is a priority. At the same time, the trend of prevalence of fast food remains quite stable, with the expansion of the niche market for pizza, burgers and sushi in the study region, which in turn determines the specifics of the restaurant business in the Black Sea Region during the coronavirus crisis. The international experience of successful restaurant enterprises shows that the unalterable way of survival in the conditions of global competition and coronavirus crisis should be built on an innovative basis with active use of modern scientific and technical achievements, as well as the readiness of food establishments for innovations.

Die Mutzenbacher: Lektüren und Kontexte eines Skandalromans by Clemens Ruthner Matthias Schmidt

Reviews 171 here so impenetrable later becomes a source of inspiration for Kafka, as shown in the section ‘Telephon, Parlograph, Grammophon: Geräusch der Dinge, verdinglichtes Geräusch’ [Telephone, Parlograph, Gramophone: The Noise of Things, Reified Noise]. Despite his reservations, Kafka creates a ‘Technopoetik’ [techno-poetics, p. 152] which extends the field of hearing beyond the mortal body and its limitations. Overall, Görner’s examination of Kafka’s writings is meticulous, and his expertise in musical theory and history clear. This reviewer would have appreciated some mention of recent developments in theories of hearing (Jean-Luc Nancy and Peter Szendy, for instance), or of Kata Gellen’s excellent publications in the field of Kafka and sound studies, which show how closely hearing in Kafka’s work relates to other media. However, the accessible style and detailed approach of this study encourage the reader to enter the akustische Welten of its title and find room for further resonances. Syamala Roberts Jesus College, Cambridge Die Mutzenbacher: Lektüren und Kontexte eines Skandalromans. Edited by Clemens Ruthner and Matthias Schmidt. Editorial Assistant Carolin Schmieding. Vienna: Sonderzahl, 2019. 351 pp. €28. ISBN 978–3-85449–513–0. The scandalous pornographic novel Josephine Mutzenbacher oder die Geschichte einer Wienerischen Dirne von ihr selbst erzählt was published anonymously in Vienna in 1906 for a rather restricted public. Contemporaries attributed its authorship to Felix Salten (1869–1945), who never denied having written this pseudo-autobiography of a Viennese prostitute. It was published again in 1969 and has since become a classic of German-language erotic literature. Many questions are raised by the book, which widely uses the Viennese vernacular and offers a rich collection of ‘dirty’ words. It is mainly such stylistic features that justify a literary discussion of Josephine Mutzenbacher, which does more than speculate on the instincts of its male readers (see the interesting remark by Müller-Funk on a stylistic detail, p. 40). Another literary aspect is the radical Naturalism with which it depicts the life of the poorer classes. Readers who hope for answers to such questions raised by the novel itself will be disappointed by this collection of seventeen essays, the majority of which avoid analysis of Josephine Mutzenbacher and treat general problems or parallels in Austrian literature instead. Perhaps close reading of a blatantly pornographic text is still compromising for many literary scholars; whatever the reason, explicitly sexual passages are not the focus of any of the articles in this volume. Its title promises ‘readings’ and ‘contexts’ but it is mainly contexts that are studied. Once in a while the problem of authorship is mentioned, but we do not get anything like a survey of the different positions on this important question (see p. 15, n. 21). Many contributors seem to dislike the idea of attributing the Reviews 172 book to Salten; Clemens Ruthner believes that a female author might turn up (p. 17, see also Smetazko, pp. 229–30 and pp. 243–44) and briefly discusses the consequences of such a discovery for the interpretation. (Discussion of the likelihood of a woman having authored the text would have to take into account the taboo on women of this period using explicit, vulgar language, even in the case of those colleagues of Josephine capable of having written books.) Martin A. Heinz’s formula ‘[Mutzenbacher/Salten?]’ (p. 298) is not a satisfactory solution. Reading the novel as a parody, as do Weinzierl and Glaser (p. 195), implies an author experienced in literary techniques; if Josephine Mutzenbacher is not the work of a professional writer such interpretations are very unlikely. One should ask why it was Salten whom all Vienna suspected of having written the novel — but there is no contribution by a Salten specialist, no reference to Salten’s other writings. None of the contributions focuses on the narrator or undertakes an analysis of the indeed unique style of this Viennese Sexualtext (Ruthner, p. 19). This reviewer would also expect more than isolated remarks on Naturalism in the novel (see Preljević, pp. 139–40; Concetti, p. 179). Three essays study aspects of the novel itself: Désirée Prosquill convincingly argues that the author knew Freud’s studies of...

Decolonizing the hijab: An interpretive exploration by two Muslim psychotherapists

This article explores the professional, personal, and feminist interpretations and experiences of wearing of the hijab as a symbol of religious expression by two Muslim psychotherapists practicing in Johannesburg. By privileging these interpretations, the authors aim to demonstrate the need for questioning and resisting hegemonic representations of the hijab that have been appropriated by various international political and religious institutions for their own agendas, often to manipulate women’s sense of agency. With Western societies banning the hijab and Islamist societies making it compulsory, the agency of the wearer of the hijab is undermined. The inclusion of the voices of Muslim women, whether they wear the hijab or not, is necessary to redress the constraints on the agency of Muslim women that has emanated both from those in the West, and from within the Muslim community itself.

Comparison of professionalism between emergency medicine resident physicians and faculty physicians: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Professionalism is a critical competency for emergency medicine (EM) physicians, and professional behavior affects patient satisfaction. However, the findings of various studies indicate that there are differences in the interpretation of professionalism among EM resident physicians and faculty physicians. Using a cross-sectional survey, we aimed to analyze common challenges to medical professionalism for Japanese EM physicians and survey the extent of professionalism coursework completed during undergraduate medical education. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional survey of EM resident physicians and faculty physicians at academic conferences and eight teaching hospitals in Japan using the questionnaire by Barry and colleagues. We analyzed the frequency of providing either the best or second-best answers to each scenario as the main outcome measure and compared the frequencies between EM resident physicians and EM faculty physicians. Fisher's exact test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to analyze data. A total of 176 physicians (86 EM resident physicians and 90 EM faculty physicians) completed the survey. The response rate was 92.6%. The most challenging scenario presented to participants dealt with sexual harassment, and only 44.5% chose the best or second-best answers, followed by poor responses to the confidentiality scenario (69.9%). The frequency of either the best or second-best responses to the confidentiality scenario was significantly greater for EM resident physicians than for EM faculty physicians (77.1% versus 62.9%, p = 0.048). More participants in the EM resident physician group completed formal courses in medical professionalism than those in the EM faculty physician group (25.8% versus 5.5%, p < 0.01). Further, EM faculty physicians were less likely than EM resident physicians to provide acceptable responses in terms of confidentiality, and few of both had received professionalism training through school curricula. Continuous professionalism education focused on the prevention of sexual harassment and gender gap is needed for both EM resident physicians and faculty physicians in Japan.

Audit professional scepticism and the classics: does pyrrhonism serve the practitioner

This analysis draws on an ancient philosophy to offer how audit regulatory discourse and judicial interpretation come to represent, or fail to represent, the mindset of the philosophical skeptic. Ancient teachings of Pyrrho of Elis, Sextus Empiricus and their modernist peers are brought to bear on concepts formed around what it means to be a 'skeptic'. International auditing standards, ethical codes, personal interviews and a lengthy New Zealand legal judgement reveal professional understandings. Professional discourses are found to be a reductionist form of the skeptical mindset whereby philosophical intent gives way to narrowly-defined and risk-directed interpretations. There is an economy to the professional-sceptic recognising an end-point to enquiry and a less reflexive form of critique. Conclusions reached thus question the authenticity and depth of professional interpretations. Implications for practice offer that a greater commitment to a free-form improvisational enquiry with less dogma-inspiring structures would more closely represent the sceptical pursuit.

The LDHEN hive mind: Learning Development in UK higher education as a professional culture

The Learning Developer in higher education (HE) works with students to help them make sense of the language and practices of HE. It is a relatively new role and has grown in response to the Widening Participation agenda which has seen an increase in entry of 'non-traditional' students into HE. Learning developers' job descriptions, employment contracts and institutional location vary between institutions and the role is often misunderstood across academia. There has long been discussion and debate within the learning development community regarding the professionalisation of the role and what this might look like. The literature in this area is sparse and to date consists of small-scale surveys of learning development practitioners with inconclusive findings. This study aims to contribute to our understanding of learning developer professional identity by analysing six months of discourse from the Learning Development in Higher Education Network (LDHEN) Listserv. This is explored through the lens of social identity theory and findings suggest that the learning development community functions as a professional culture based on collegiality, trust, shared values and a protected collective knowledge base. This attitudinal perspective of professional identity as professional culture is proposed as a more productive approach to the debate than more traditional interpretations of professionalism based on qualifications and formal training.

Conversations in Context: Cross-Cultural (Grassroots) Biblical Interpretation Groups Challenging Western-centric (Professional) Biblical Interpretation

Abstract This article considers how biblical scholarship might break out of its western-dominated, largely historical-critical mould. I argue that we might challenge the hegemony of ‘western worldview’ scholarship by capitalising on the interpretative insights of alternative worldviews; in that regard, I advance a cross-cultural methodology. Additionally, I advocate engaging with grassroots interpreters, thereby contributing to the decentring of scholarly biblical criticism. Finally, this article focuses on the value of interpretation through dialogue, which functions here on two levels: the researcher dialoguing with grassroots interpretation groups in cross-cultural settings, and the resulting grassroots interpretations dialoguing with western professional biblical interpretations. The potential of this approach is demonstrated using a case study: Mark 4:35-41 interpreted with Cross-Cultural Biblical Interpretation Groups in northern Namibia. The interpretative insights of grassroots groups in non-western contexts, free(r) from the influence of western worldviews and scholarship, function to highlight the equally contextual nature of mainstream professional biblical interpretation.

Citation analysis

AbstractThis paper presents series of historiometric studies that exemplify the value of “citation analysis” as an empirical approach to professional literary-critical interpretation, especially with respect to the question of the “literariness” of literary texts. Specifically, the studies show that professional interpreters of Wordsworth’s poetry, across more than a century of time and despite widely varying critical approaches, tend to pay more attention to and therefore more frequently cite lines that involve prospective enjambments. Lines involving nominative noun phrase and retrospective enjambments, however, did not reveal the same correlation with frequency of citation. The studies thus suggest that literariness does indeed have a relatively stable textual component that may be discriminated through citation analysis of professional interpretations of individual literary texts by authors writing in distinct genres of literature and in different periods in literary history.

Novice Teachers’ Concerns, Early Professional Experiences and Development: Implications for Theory and Practice

Abstract Quality teaching, being a key factor in shaping students’ academic and personal growth, has been at the centre of scientific debate for many years. Sustainable professional development of novice teachers has recently been recognized worldwide as one of the key areas for improving the quality of teaching and learning in schools. Given that the initial years on the job are generally characterised by novice teachers as the most challenging and intense in their career, the following questions typically arise: What can be done to sustain and facilitate teaching at the early developmental stages in teachers’ career? What are the contextual factors and the prerequisites leading to the quality of teaching and learning? The article presents the findings from a two-year longitudinal qualitative study aimed to contribute to the research base for understanding this crucial stage. More specifically, the purpose of this study was to provide deeper understanding and insights into key factors influencing and shaping novice teachers’ early professional development and learning, as well as their capacities to effectively adapt to their new roles and operate in complex and dynamically changing open-ended school environment. The research is framed as a cross-case analysis of 4 cases of novice teachers working in public secondary schools. The data were collected through multiple sources (i.e. semi-structured in-depth interviews, questionnaire, and focus groups) over a two-year period spanning the participants’ first and second full-time teaching years. Substantial differences in experiences and beliefs among the novice teachers, with varying levels of job satisfaction and professional support received, were identified in the study. The authors have also identified numerous patterns of novice teachers’ teaching practice closely associated with teachers’concerns and early professional experience interpretations, which might result in substantial fluctuation in teaching quality and teacher’s career paths. Implications for teacher education programs, mentoring, supervision, teachers’ professional development, and future research are discussed.

How educators define their role: building ‘professional’ relationships with children and parents during transition to childcare: a case study

ABSTRACTUsing case study methodology including weekly focus group meetings and individual interviews, this article reports results of a study in a Canadian childcare centre in which four educators shared their attitudes and experiences on their role as educators and on building relationships with the children transitioning into their care and their parents. Analysis of the data reveals that educators are most concerned with their role as professionals, and that their interpretations of professionalism influences structural and organizational elements in the centre like shifts and schedules of the educators, but also their relationships with children in their care, and with parents.

Proliferations and Vulnerabilities: Hybridization of Professionalism in the Field of Cancer Medicine

In cancer medicine, particularly in drug research and development, structural changes in professionalism can be observed as examples. This field is characterized by a strong tension between social expectations concerning the control of existential risks to health, on the one hand, and strong commercial interests of a shareholder value-driven industry, on the other hand. Based on a qualitative empirical analysis, two subfields within the field of cancer medicine are reconstructed. One of these subfields—colon cancer therapy—could be interpreted as representing a renewal of the knowledge-power nexus. The pattern of the other subfield—brain tumour research—refers to a much more vulnerable professionalism. Both fields are characterized by development in professional work, which could be described with the hybridization concept. Therefore, the contrast between the two empirical examples presented still challenges the theoretical interpretation of contemporary professionalism.

Christopher R. Browning, Susannah Heschel, Michael R. Marrus, and Milton Shain, editors.Holocaust Scholarship: Personal Trajectories and Professional Interpretations.

Christopher R. Browning, Susannah Heschel, Michael R. Marrus, and Milton Shain, editors.<i>Holocaust Scholarship: Personal Trajectories and Professional Interpretations</i>.