Interpretation Of Nonverbal Cues Research Articles

THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATIVE EXERCISES IN INCREASING THE LEVEL OF PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

In today’s interconnected world, the ability to communicate effectively is essential for people in order to express themselves properly and interact successfully in social, academic, and professional contexts. In this article, the function of communicative exercises is examined as a potent tool for enhancing communication abilities. A summary of the several techniques applied in communicative exercises that encourage good communication is provided. It first emphasizes the significance of developing a welcoming and engaging learning environment that promotes learners’ active engagement and collaboration. Students can learn verbal and non-verbal communication skills including active listening, alternation of activities, and interpretation of non-verbal cues by participating in pair or group activities. The article also examines the function of authentic and important tasks in communicative exercises. Students will use their Kazakh language abilities to solve problems and share their viewpoints by imitating real-life situations, which will improve their communicative competency. The article also focuses on how technology can be incorporated into communicative activities and emphasizes the advantages of integrating multimedia materials, online platforms, and virtual communication tools. With the help of these technological developments, students can collaborate remotely, engage in cross-cultural interactions, and improve their digital literacy. In conclusion, this article rests on the value of including communicative activities into the study of the Kazakh language as a useful way to enhance communication abilities. Teachers can enable students to become confident communicators who can deal with the challenges of communication in a variety of contexts by using a targeted strategy, authentic assignments, and technology. Key words: communicative exercises, communication skill, supportive learning environment, authentic tasks, technology integration.

Masking care: A qualitative investigation of the impact of face masks on the experience of stroke rehabilitation from the perspective of staff and service users with communication difficulties.

BackgroundFace mask use has become widespread as a means of reducing transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Research suggests face coverings can impact speech discrimination, therapeutic alliance and the interpretation of non‐verbal cues. However, there is little research into the impact of face masks on people with communication difficulties (pwCD) post‐stroke.AimsTo explore the perspectives of service users and staff on a stroke rehabilitation unit in order to understand the impact of staff wearing face masks on the experience of rehabilitation for pwCD. Strategies that might improve the experience of rehabilitation for pwCD were also explored.Methods & ProceduresSemi‐structured interviews and a focus group were conducted with six pwCD and five health professionals (HPs) on a stroke rehabilitation unit. The data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.Outcomes & ResultsFour main interacting themes were identified from the data: (1) face masks as a barrier to effective communication; (2) face masks as a barrier to human connection and therapeutic relationships; (3) the impact of face masks on an individual is influenced by multiple internal and external factors; and (4) there is a need for service provision to evolve to meet pwCD's needs when using face masks.Conclusions & ImplicationsFindings shed light on how face masks can act as a barrier for pwCD within the rehabilitative process, and emphasize that each individual with communication difficulties is likely to be affected to a differing extent, as a result of multiple interacting factors. HPs are encouraged to consider the individual holistically, tailor strategies and adapt to each individual's needs. Further research is required to understand how to optimize rehabilitation outcomes when face masks are used.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDSWhat is already known on the subjectThere is evidence face masks can affect speech discrimination, therapeutic alliance and interpretation of non‐verbal cues. The existing literature predominantly considers people with hearing impairments, mental health needs or the general public. The potential for face masks to impact pwCD post‐stroke is high, given pre‐existing communication barriers and evidence of increased social isolation.What this paper adds to existing knowledgeThis study is the first of its kind to explore how face mask use by HPs impacts the experience of rehabilitation for pwCD post‐stroke. The authors consider the need to tailor compensatory strategies to each individual and adapt them to meet service users’ needs.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?HPs should monitor closely the impact of face mask use on pwCD with whom they are working, and consider what adaptations to delivery are required. It would be helpful for clinicians to have a discussion with pwCD post‐stroke to understand the impact of face mask use on them personally and what strategies they would find most helpful within rehabilitation. Additional training by speech and language therapists on supporting effective communication and successful interaction with pwCD may be indicated in the context of face mask use.

Interpretation of non-verbal cues by people with and without TBI: understanding relationship intentions.

Although long-term social challenges following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are well documented, the challenges of establishing new relationships following TBI are less understood. To examine how the type of non-verbal cues produced by an unfamiliar communication partner impacts feelings of relationship closeness by people with and without TBI. In this quasi-experimental comparative mixed-group design, participants included 12 male heterosexual adults with moderate/severe TBI and 10 typical comparison peers. An adaptation of the Relationship Closeness Induction Task (RCIT), a 29-item questionnaire, was completed by all participants to induce relationship closeness through reciprocal self-disclosure during conversation. Participants completed the RCIT three separate times in counterbalanced order. Conversational partners for the RCIT were three female actors trained to convey similar verbal answers to the RCIT questions, but to produce different non-verbal cues: solicitation (i.e., flirting), neutral and rejecting. Following each conversation, the participants completed a 10-item Likert-type questionnaire about the experience. Between- and within-group non-parametric statistical analysis of Likert questions showed non-significant differences between the two participant groups such that both groups consistently rated the female actor who used flirting non-verbal cues higher than the actor who used rejecting non-verbal cues. These results suggest a small sample of heterosexual males with TBI interpret non-verbal relationship cues in real-time conversations with unfamiliar partners as well as comparison peers. Clinical implications include the need to consider real-time conversation in assessment and treatment planning for social communication goals related to cognitive-communication impairment.

The Display of “Dominant” Nonverbal Cues in Negotiation: The Role of Culture and Gender

AbstractThe current study extends prior negotiation research on culture and verbal behavior by investigating the display of nonverbal behaviors associated with dominance by male and female Canadian and Chinese negotiators. We draw from existing literature on culture, gender, communication, and display rules to predict both culture and gender variation in negotiators’ display of three nonverbal behaviors typically associated with dominance: relaxed posture, use of space, and facial display of negative emotion. Participants engaged in a dyadic transactional negotiation simulation which we videotaped and coded for nonverbal expression. Our findings indicated that male Canadian negotiators engaged in more relaxed postures and displayed more negative emotion, while male Chinese negotiators occupied more space at the negotiation table. In addition, use of space and negative emotion partially mediated the relationship between culture and joint gains, as well as satisfaction with negotiation process. We discuss contributions to cross-cultural negotiation literature, implications for cross-cultural negotiation challenges, as well as future studies to address cultural variation in the interpretation of nonverbal cues.

Nonverbal sensitivity: consequences for learning and satisfaction in genetic counseling

PurposeThis study aims to explore the role of interactants' nonverbal sensitivity, anxiety and sociodemographic characteristics in learning and satisfaction within the genetic counseling context.Design/methodology/approachThis is a combined simulation and analogue study. Simulations were videotaped with 152 prenatal and cancer genetic counselors and nine simulated clients. The videotapes were shown to 559 subjects recruited to act as analogue clients (ACs) with the instruction to imagine themselves as the client in the simulation. The profile of nonverbal sensitivity (PONS), a video and audio test of accuracy in the interpretation of nonverbal cues, was administered to both the genetic counselors and ACs. In addition, the ACs completed a literacy screen and post session measures of learning and session satisfaction.FindingsThe study finds that ACs' post‐session knowledge score was positively associated with both their own and the counselors' audio PONS scores. Also related to knowledge were clients' literacy, younger age and non‐minority ethnicity. Ratings of session satisfaction were inversely related to ACs' and counselors' video PONS scores and ACs' literacy and anxiety.Research limitations/implicationsWhile based on the performance of a large number of practicing genetic counselors, simulated and analogue clients are used to explore study questions.Practical implicationsThe nonverbal sensitivity of both providers and ACs plays a role in medical communication and its cognitive and affective consequences. These findings warrant greater attention to nonverbal dynamics in future research and interventions.Originality/valueNo similar studies have investigated the role of nonverbal sensitivity in predicting learning and satisfaction for users of health care services.

The Role of Non-verbal Communication in Service Encounters: A Conceptual Framework

This paper presents a synthesis of the work in the psychology and anthropology disciplines concerning nonverbal behaviour and applies this knowledge to the understanding and management of service encounters. As face to face service encounters are primarily social occasions when the rules and norms of social interaction apply, then an understanding of the way that consumers interpret non-verbal interaction is crucial to an understanding of how service encounters are managed and evaluated. The paper considers a number of aspects of service delivery that impact on the interpretation of nonverbal cues and the participant characteristics that effect this interpretation. Finally the paper provides a number of suggestions for the management of encounters, selection and training of employees and further research into this area.

Effect of Target's Sex on Manipulations of Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Rosenthal and Jacobson outlined the results of their research concerning the Pygmalion phenomenon in 1968. Since that time, research in the field of the Pygmalion effect and, more generally, self-fulfilling prophecy has flourished. The process of self-fulfilling prophecy involves a target individual interpreting a source individual's often nonverbal expectations, internalizing those expectations, and then behaving in accordance with those expectations. Some have suggested that female targets are less likely than male targets to be influenced by such treatments despite the fact that females are generally superior at nonverbal decoding of other's expectations. Other research has shown, however, that female targets are less confident of their interpretation of nonverbal cues and are less likely to conform blindly to other's expectations than are male targets This paper reports a test of the hypothesis that female targets require a source of greater credibility than males to elicit a self-fulfilling prophecy effect. 100 undergraduate volunteers completed a mock predictive test of analytic abilities, and each received uniformly positive feedback concerning his performance. Each then competed against a computer at a simulated card game to provide another measure of analytic abilities. The game score and time on task indicated that female targets, unlike males, performed better at the card game when they were led to believe that the predictive test was constructed by a highly credible individual than by a less credible one.

EFFECT OF TARGET'S SEX ON MANIPULATIONS OF SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY

Rosenthal and Jacobson outlined the results of their research concerning the Pygmalion phenomenon in 1968. Since that time, research in the field of the Pygmalion effect and, more generally, self-fulfilling prophecy has flourished. The process of self-fulfilling prophecy involves a target individual interpreting a source individual's often nonverbal expectations, internalizing those expectations, and then behaving in accordance with those expectations. Some have suggested that female targets are less likely than male targets to be influenced by such treatments despite the fact that females are generally superior at nonverbal decoding of other's expectations. Other research has shown, however, that female targets are less confident of their interpretation of nonverbal cues and are less likely to conform blindly to other's expectations than are male targets This paper reports a test of the hypothesis that female targets require a source of greater credibility than males to elicit a self-fulfilling prophecy effect. 100 undergraduate volunteers completed a mock predictive test of analytic abilities, and each received uniformly positive feedback concerning his performance. Each then competed against a computer at a simulated card game to provide another measure of analytic abilities. The game score and time on task indicated that female targets, unlike males, performed better at the card game when they were led to believe that the predictive test was constructed by a highly credible individual than by a less credible one.

Enhanced interpretation of nonverbal facial cues in male rapists--a preliminary study.

Interpretation of nonverbal cues was tested in 12 white, male, self-admitting rapists. All rapists were being treated for depression and were between the ages of 20 and 31. All victims were female strangers who had been observed in a social setting. The rapists and 12 age- and class-matched male controls viewed 10 male and 10 female volunteers during a specific gambling trial. Rapists were found to be more accurate than controls in interpreting both female and male nonverbal cues. This enhanced ability was hypothesized to be due to pathological expressions of intimacy and sexuality in the rapists' families of origin.