Interpretation Of Death Research Articles

THE DEPICTION OF DEATH IN JEAN-PAUL SARTRE'S NOVEL “NAUSEA”

In the article, we explore a range of important concepts regarding the interpretation of death in Jean-Paul Sartre's novel “Nausea”. While examining the question of death, we pay special attention to the impossibility of fully revealing the nature of this phenomenon from the perspective of ordinary or generalized human experience. Our article focuses on the existential concept of death, which was partially formed, advocated, and implemented by Jean-Paul Sartre himself in his works. A series of quotes from the novel “Nausea” is presented to illustrate Jean-Paul Sartre's philosophical views on the ability of humans to reassess individual, collective, and transcendent notions of the transition from the living to the non-living. The issue of a distinct ethics of murder and suicide is raised in the novel “Nausea”. Particular attention is given to the concept of suicide, which has a rather unconventional authorial interpretation among representatives of existentialism, with Jean-Paul Sartre being a prominent figure. It is shown that suicide, as interpreted by the writer, does not have the usual contours, as it is explained from the perspective of the inability to avoid “superfluous things” in the world. An even more revolutionary position regarding murder is that it is positioned from the standpoint of “liberation from existence” as a “beneficent act”. The absurdity of Jean-Paul Sartre's assertions is caused by a reinterpretation of the paradigm of “hostages of being”, who are unable to independently make the right choice and should be "grateful" to those who shorten their lives. This paradigm has an existential nature that is reinterpreted through a reassessment of the burden of choice by humans. The relevance of our research is determined by the inevitability of the problem of death throughout human history. It is proven that Jean-Paul Sartre made a significant breakthrough in comprehending the mystery of death. A range of aspects for comprehending the theme of death is proposed: death in historical past, death in the future, murder, suicide, and so on. An overview of some scholarly investigations regarding the life and works of the writer concerning the theme of death is provided. It is demonstrated that death is devoid of purely negative connotations since its nature merely reproduces general disorder. Sartre believes that the disorder itself is not based on the nature of chaos but on the inability of humans to encompass the entirety of events. It is noted that the primitivization of death does not contribute to understanding its nature but rather makes it more incomprehensible.

THE VOICES OF THE WAR (“EPITAPHS OF THE WAR” BY R. KIPLING)

THE VOICES OF THE WAR (“EPITAPHS OF THE WAR” BY R. KIPLING)

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: Investigation of autopsy-based studies.

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is one of the most common causes for epilepsy-related deaths and its characteristics remain largely unknown, particularly from a forensic autopsy perspective. The present study aimed to investigate the neurological, cardiac, and pulmonary findings for a total of 388 SUDEP decedents, encompassing three cases from our forensic center during 2011-2020 and 385 literature-reported autopsy cases. In the cases mentioned in this study, two of them presented with only mild cardiac abnormalities, such as focal myocarditis and mild coronary atherosclerosis of the left anterior coronary artery. The third one was negative of any pathological findings. After pooling together these SUDEP cases, we found that neurological changes (n = 218 cases, 56.2%) were the most common postmortem findings associated with SUDEP, with cerebral edema/congestion (n = 60 cases, 15.5%) and old traumatic brain injury (n = 58 cases, 14.9%) being the major findings. Interstitial fibrosis, myocyte disarray/hypertrophy, and mild coronary artery atherosclerosis were the most common findings related to primary cardiac pathology, documented in 49 (12.6%), 18 (4.6%), and 15 (3.9%) cases, respectively. Non-specific pulmonary edema was the major finding in the lungs. This is an autopsy-based study that reports the scenario of postmortem findings for SUDEP cases. Our study paves the way for understanding the pathogenesis of SUDEP and the interpretation of death.

A Psychological Reading of Husband-Wife Relationship in Death of a Salesman

Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller premiered in 1949 to critical acclaim and commercial success. Scholars have been paying attention to research on the female characters, the protagonist from the psychological perspective and father-son relationship, none of these works deals with the husband-wife relationship in Death of a Salesman from a psychological aspect.The paper will examine the family competences of Linda and Willy, dissecting the husband-wife relationship combing the psychological motivation. In the first section, through psychological rejuvenation, Linda embodies a natural force of vigor that infuses in Willy the power of warmth. In the psychological interpretation of Death of a Salesman, the relationship between Willy and Linda formed a sharp contrast between psychological pressure and purifying salvation. Willy suffered from relational anxiety, fearful stress, repressive daily, the loss of body, which brought disaster to his wife, Linda, his sons, Biff and Happy. For this reason, the play arranged a comforting character, his wife, Linda, to contrast the relationship between the couple. Concerning the suppressive daily, Willy’s stubborn personality is linked with frustration and depression in pursuing fantasy; his wife, Linda, gives him warm comfort for his empty dreams with her kindness, love, and above all, intelligence. In the case of his sons, Biff and Happy, especially Biff, on whom Willy places high expectations, Linda saved Willy from the relational tension through her pure nature when the sons frustrate Willy; Linda supports Willy and solves the arguments between Willy and sons to ease the tension. When Willy is faced with an unbearable blow from his job, Linda gives him advice on how to solve problems, such as when Willy loses his job, and the wife advises him to understand the boss and how to deal with the problem. The loneness from family and work also leads Willy to have affairs with an unknown woman; Linda tolerates everything and invisibly reminds Willy. It can be said that the relationship between the wife and her husband is a relationship of dependency, the wife attached to her husband in life and emotion.

IMPLEMENTATION OF TAFSIR MAQASIDI (A Study of Prohibition Verses About Syuhada As a Dead People)

The interpretation of death’s theme in the Qur’an immediately stagnated when mufassir discuss it in eschatolical topic. It can be talked again in academic discourse by starting to look for the maqasid behind a verse by reading the context and the historical relations that surround it. Therefore, this study will apply tafsir maqasid as a theory to interpret the verses of death related with escatological theme, in this case QS. Al-Baqarah/2: 154 and QS. Ali ‘Imran/3: 169. Most mufassir commented on these verses according to explicit text whitout trying to identificate to other interpretation; that the Believers who fight for Allah will live in other world. Through this research, it is found other alternative interpretation; that these verses are not only explain about how syuhada live after die but also state indicate the importance of protecting religion even sacrificing one’s life. Besides that, it is also conluded that death is a part of God’s pleasure.

The main character’s awareness of death as reflected in Lauren Oliver’s Before I Fall: A psychological approach

This paper is related to the idea of death as seen in the novel Before I Fall. The major theme is about people's awareness of death from a different perspective. The novel presents a young girl’s interpretation of death when she once confronted with it. The idea of death appears as the most unwanted thing at first and turns out to be something that has to be accepted because it is inevitable. This paper will discuss people’s awareness of death that include fear and anxiety, stages of dying, and personal growth and the implication on human’s life.

The Funerary Rites of Won Buddhism in Korea

Won Buddhism, established in 1916 by Founding Master Sot’aesan (少太山, 1891–1943), is one of the most active new religious movements in South Korea. When Korean society experienced a revolution in terms of values together with a swift transformation at the societal and national levels during the late 19th century, many novel religious movements emerged. Among these movements, Won Buddhism developed as one of Korea’s influential religions with an expanding role in society, both in performing the National funeral rites for deceased presidents and in the military religious affairs alongside Buddhism, Catholicism, and Protestantism. Unique interpretations of death underlie differences in rituals performed to pay homage to the dead. In this paper, I focus on the funerary rites of Won Buddhism. First, I will provide an introduction to Won Buddhism and subsequently give a brief overview of procedures involved in the death rituals of the religion. Finally, I will elaborate on the symbolism of the Won Buddhist funerary customs and discuss the deliverance service (K. ch’ŏndojae 薦度齋) as a practical demonstration of Won Buddhism’s teachings on birth and death.

Memento Mori: Can art assist student nurses to explore death and dying? A qualitative study

ObjectiveTo report how an art-based workshop assisted undergraduate nursing students to explore their experiences and beliefs about death and dying. DesignA descriptive qualitative study. ParticipantsYear three adult nursing students studying on a full-time undergraduate pre-registration programme. MethodsLong answer questionnaires were completed by 48 undergraduate student nurses, all of whom had participated in the art-based workshop. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify, analyse and report themes identified. ResultsFour themes were identified: (1) exploring experiences and beliefs, (2) the role of the art in supporting discussions, (3) the gallery environment, and (4) impact on practice. Participants valued the opportunity to ‘slow down’, fully examine, and be challenged by, the art prompting reflective and critical discussion. The calm and peaceful gallery environment, and the skilled facilitation increased participant confidence to share experiences and beliefs. Reflecting on the workshop participants reported the workshop increased their understanding of the complexities of care and of addressing these on an individual basis. ConclusionsThis shared experience encouraged open and honest discussion and reflection, enhanced critical thinking and the need for compassionate person, and family-centred palliative and end-of-life care. While this study focused on an educational strategy delivered to student nurses, it is an approach that could be used with other health and social care professionals. Close and critical observation of the selected art increased participant understanding and insight of the many experiences and interpretations of death and dying.

«ЧУЖОЙ ДРУГ» КРИСТОФА ХАЙНА И «ПОСТОРОННИЙ» АЛЬБЕРА КАМЮ: СПЕЦИФИКА ВОПЛОЩЕНИЯ ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИАЛЬНОГО СОЗНАНИЯ

The article is devoted to analysing the key existentialistic novels in the German and French literature. The novels “The Distant Lover” by Christoph Hein and “The Stranger” by Albert Camus are compared in order to reveal the specificity of representing existential consciousness. The paper examines the main characters’ images; analyses the motive structure, genre features and narrative technique. The researchers identify the similarity of existential motives (the motive of death, stranger, etc.), genre and stylistic features and the differences of the writers’ artistic worldviews regarding such issues as interpretation of death, absurdity of human existence, the problem of estrangement.

A Morte em Coimbra. Mortalidade e atitudes perante a morte. 1750-1777

A morte em Coimbra constitui um novo olhar sobre a interpretação feita aos registos de óbito da cidade, compreendidos entre 1750 e 1777. Através da consulta destas fontes, alcançámos a definição dos traços e tendências demográficas, atitudes e comportamentos perante a morte, religiosidade e assistência social que caracterizaram parte da sociedade coimbrã setecentista.

Interpretation and timing of death: The development and initial validation of the interpretation of death (IOD) scale and the attitudes toward medical interventions in the timing of death (AMITOD) scale

Decreasing religious authority and increasing medical interventions at the end-of-life emphasize the importance of the interpretation and timing of death. Therefore, the three-dimensional interpretation of death scale (evaluating religious, rational, and personal interpretation of death) and the three-dimensional attitudes toward medical interventions in the timing of death scale (evaluating euthanasia, life prolongation and nonintervention) were constructed and assessed in a survey among 356 older Dutch adults. Religious interpretation of death was found to be associated with disapproval of euthanasia and approval of nonintervention, rational interpretation of death with approval of euthanasia, and personal interpretation of death with approval of nonintervention.

‘Cast a Cold Eye’: Life and Death in W. B. Yeats's Poetry

ABSTRACTAcclaimed as one of the best poets of the twentieth century, William Butler Yeats is often the focus of critical attention. The connections between Yeats's work and the Abbey Theatre, Irish nationalism, language arts, and his love affair with Maud Gonne have been widely explored. Many of Yeats's poems focus on death, a universal topic which engenders fear and enchantment simultaneously, so his attitude toward the inevitability of decrepitude merits further exploration. This paper discusses Yeats's early poems, such as ‘When You Are Old’ and ‘The Folly of Being Comforted’ as well as his later poems, such as ‘The Municipal Gallery Revisited’ and ‘A Dialogue of Self and Soul.’ These poems are analysed in a comparative study of Yeats's conception of life and death. Additionally, Derrida's deconstructive reading strategy and his creative interpretation of death expounded in The Gift of Death (1996) are included to trace the elusive nature of death in Yeats's poetry and illustrate its personal and cultural implications. It was found that whereas in his earlier poems the hierarchical opposition of life and death is strategically subverted to help resolve his unrequited love affair, Yeats deals with death with energy and confidence in his later poems.

Earth, Air, Water, and Fire: Histopathology of Environmental Death.

Interpretation of deaths in hostile environments may be informed by postmortem microscopic examination of injured tissues. In context with their macroscopic correlates, the commonly observed histologic changes seen in environmental deaths are reviewed-these include exposure (i.e., hypothermia and hyperthermia), fire, electrocution, and water. Rarely observed pathognomonic findings are highlighted. While it may not yield specific findings, microscopic examination is one of the necessary steps of a thorough postmortem examination.

THE ANALYSIS OF ROBERT RAUSCHENBERG'S WORKS IN THE CONTEXT OF OTHELLO'S LIFE AND DEATH DIALECTIC

In the research first of all, the concept of love that take place in Othello, is examined through jealousy, death, political themes and being questioned self concept and motive which led to the determination of the hero. After analyzing the form and content of the tragedy, Shakespeare's approach to the concept of alienation and metamorphosis, the interpretation of death as an anti-life and the other is being investigated.Then, how the life and death dialectic of literary and visual arts is described is analyzed through the studies which are taken as examples. In this context, the work of Robert Rauschenberg is examined through the notional systems in terms of the death and life dialect in Othello, and a rhetorical analysis of these concepts in the postmodern art and Robert Rauschenberg sample is carried out. This research used descriptive model in relational research method. The findings obtained in the research process are interpreted by continuous comparison analysis method in the interpretation of the images. Keywords: Othello, Self-concept, Jealousy theme, Alienation, Otherness, Death theme, Visual language, Robert Rauschenberg.

Cross-Cultural Dimensions of the Problems of Brain Death and Organ Donation

Some of the current scientific and technological achievements in fields of intensive care and organ transplantation cast doubts about validity of the concept of brain death. During the last decade, such doubts were expressed by such researchers as D. Shewmon; R. Veatch, S. Youngner, E. Bartlett, etc. At the same time we are witnessing rather wide spread of negative stereotypes in relation to the concept of "brain death" among public in general. It causes the decline in organ harvesting and rather often becomes a reason for seeking new arguments in favor of legitimacy of the brain death concept. Current controversies and disagreements on the issue of brain death cause the need for uniform criteria for neurological determination of death. However, the search for common criteria for brain death is faced with the problem of socio-cultural determination of death, significant differences in the interpretation of death, suffering, dying. Thus, the problem of the legitimacy of death is closely related not only with scientific and technological developments, but to the influence of socio-cultural contexts on the understanding and perception of different definitions and criteria of death. So, death of a human should be investigated not only as a biological event, but as a social and cultural construct as well. In this regard we are going: - To use procedures of mapping for presenting positions and interests of different stakeholders in the field of harvesting and use of human organs for transplantation. These maps will allow to present different existing cultural traditions, as well as views of medical professionals, philosophers and lay people on donation of organs for transplant purposes, understanding of the concept of brain death, attitudes towards biomedical professionals involved in transplantological practices; - to trace and to evaluate practical and moral consequences of these positions (and of application of the corresponding biomedical technologies) on provision of health care and protection of universal human values and rights; - to discuss different possibilities and to share experience of moral and legal regulation in the area. Study was carried out with financial support from Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 17-18-01444.

“In einem Augenblick”: Christian naturalism, death, and Brahms’s Ein deutsches Requiem”

This article is a Christian naturalist reading of Johannes Brahms’s Ein deutsches Requiem. The first sections briefly introduce the basic commitments of Christian naturalism and the challenge presented to such a theology in the mystery of death. Then, the paper shows how Brahms gives artistic expression to a naturalistic interpretation of death. Brahms uses elements from the Christian myth, especially the apocalyptic, in new ways that are helpful to Christian naturalists seeking to deal with death meaningfully and beautifully.

An Existential Reconstruction of Christian Interpretation of Death and its Implications: From Sinfulness to Mortality

An Existential Reconstruction of Christian Interpretation of Death and its Implications: From Sinfulness to Mortality

Advancing the Debate about Heidegger’s Phenomenology of Death as a Possibility

Heidegger’s understanding of death in terms of possibility has been debated for more than three decades. The main dispute is about the coherence of the concept of possibility. To advance the debate, we analyse the meaning of “death as a possibility” in three steps. Firstly, we delineate the notions of death and possibility in Heidegger’s fundamental ontology. Secondly, we analyse and evaluate the main opposed interpretations of death as a possibility. Thirdly, we discuss Heidegger’s assertion that death is a distinctive [ausgezeignete] possibility of Dasein. On the basis of the results, we claim that Heidegger provides an ontic-ontological and multilayered framework for the understanding of death. We further argue that one of those layers relates to death as a transcendent possibility for Dasein, which can be further characterised in terms of non-genuine, genuine and—what we call—deconstructive [Abbauende] authenticity. Finally, we suggest that deconstructive authenticity refers to Dasein’s authentic relationship to its own ontological annihilation. As this annihilation cannot be phenomenologically depicted, deconstructive authenticity implies that Dasein is, to a certain extent, free to depict the meaning of its death.

Nursing Students’ First Clinical Experiences of Death

목적: 본 연구는 병원 실습 중 간호대학생의 환자의 죽음에 대한 첫 경험은 어떠한가?라는 질문을 통해 실습 중 간호대학생이 직면하는 환자의 죽음에 대한 경험을 포괄적이고 심층적으로 파악하고자 실시되었다. 방법: 본 연구는 2012년 1월 27일로부터 시작하여 2012년 3월 6일까지 양산시 부산대학교 간호학과 4학년에 재학 중인 여학생으로, 병원실습 중 환자의 죽음을 처음 경험한 실습생들 8명에게 실시되었다. 연구방법은 Colaizzi의 현상학적 연구 방법이 이용되었다. 결과: 17개의 주제, 15개의 주제묶음과 8개의 범주가 도출되었다. 8개의 범주는 '피하고 싶은 죽음현실', '무력감', '건강회복의 기대감에서 공포로', '죽음의 다양한 해석', '간호학의 한계', '간호사 부족에 대한 원망', '갈증의 증폭', '성장의 계기'이다. 결론: 간호대학생들은 환자의 죽음에 대한 첫 경험 과정에서 다양한 감정을 경험하고, 임종간호를 감당하고 있는 간호사의 모습을 미래의 간호사라는 자신의 입장에서 해석해가고 있었다. 이와 동시에 그들은 죽음을 간호의 영역으로 받아들이고, 공부하고 익혀나가는 성장의 노력을 하고 있었다. 따라서, 본 연구의 결과를 통해 죽음관련 내용이 간호대학 교육과정에 꼭 포함되어야 함을 알 수 있었고, 이는 신규간호사 시기에 큰 부담이 되고 있는 임종간호의 스트레스를 줄여서 업무 적응을 높이고, 이직 의도를 낮추는데 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것이다. 【Purpose: This study was conducted to comprehensively investigate nursing students' experience of their first encounter with death of a patient during clinical practice. Methods: This study took place from January 27 through March 6, 2012 with eight female senior nursing students enrolled at Pusan National University located in Y city who have experienced patient death. We collected their experience of their first death encounter during their clinical rotation by asking, What is your first experience of patient's death during the clinical practice? Husserl's phenomenological approach was applied in this study. Results: In this study, 17 themes, 15 clusters of themes and eight categories were derived. The categories included Desire to avoid the reality of death, Powerlessness, Anticipation for recovery shifted to fear of death, Various interpretations of death, Limitations in their nursing practice, Resentment of lack of nurses, Longing to better understand death, and Motivation for inner growth. Conclusion: Through their first encounter with death of a patient, nursing students experienced various emotions and viewed their role as hospice caregiver by projecting themselves as fully trained nurses in future. Participants considered terminal care as a part of nursing care. The result of this study indicates the need to include education of death in the nursing school curriculum.】

Political theology: Possibility of comparison of the usage of death in theology and politics

This paper considers the epistemological value of the concept of political theology in thanatopolitics. The concept can be useful if one wants to interpret political usage of death. In addition to blurred boundaries between politics and theology, there is a more general and deeper socially integrative affinity between the two. In addition, there have been various politicizations of salvation in the past and in the present. Every political theology accentuates obedience as an immanent condition of salvation, although interpretation of death in political theology has a different function than in secular ideologies. In the centre of politically theological ideas one can find crosscutting of the divisions between public friend and public enemy from political world with similar divisions from religious world. Finally, beside the theological influence on politics, this paper considers some analogies between theology and the secular judiciary.