Interpersonal Self Research Articles

Roles of the Default Mode Network in Different Aspects of Self-representation When Remembering Social Autobiographical Memories.

Autobiographical memory (AM) is episodic memory for personally experienced events, in which self-representation is more important than that in laboratory-based memory. Theoretically, self-representation in a social context is categorized as the interpersonal self (IS) referred to in a social interaction with a person or the social-valued self (SS) based on the reputation of the self in the surrounding society. Although functional neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the involvement of the default mode network (DMN) in self-representation, little is known about how the DMN subsystems contribute differentially to IS-related and SS-related AMs. To elucidate this issue, we used fMRI to scan healthy young adults during the recollection of AMs. We performed multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and assessed functional connectivity in the DMN subsystems: the midline core, medial temporal lobe (MTL), and dorsomedial pFC (dmPFC) subsystems. The study yielded two main sets of findings. First, MVPA revealed that all DMN subsystems showed significant classification accuracy between IS-related and nonsocial-self-related AMs, and IS-related functional connectivity of the midline core regions with the retrosplenial cortex of the MTL subsystem and the dmPFC of the dmPFC subsystem was significant. Second, MVPA significantly distinguished between SS-related and nonsocial-self-related AMs in the midline core and dmPFC subsystems but not in the MTL subsystem, and SS-related functional connectivity with the midline core regions was significant in the temporal pole and TPJ of the dmPFC subsystem. Thus, dissociable neural mechanisms in the DMN could contribute to different aspects of self-representation in social AMs.

Technology-Enhanced 4Active Intervention Impacting Psychological Well-Being and Physical Activity among Older Adults: A Pilot Study.

Background: To increase psychological well-being and physical activity (PA) behaviors, our pilot study used the social ecological model as the framework to design the 4Active intervention, focusing on multicomponent exercise group lessons at the interpersonal level and self exercise enhanced by activity trackers at the individual level. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effectiveness of the two-level 4Active intervention in improving psychological well-being and PA participation in older adults living in retirement communities. Methods: Participants were 27 older adults with a mean age of 85.9 ± 9.3 years. Based on the two-arm, quasi-experimental study design, fourteen older adults (2 men, 12 women) living in one retirement community (RC) were assigned into the intervention group receiving the two-level 4Active intervention, whereas 13 older adults (1 man, 12 women) living in another RC were allocated to the active control group receiving group exercise intervention alone for eight weeks. One week before and after the interventions, the participants were pre-tested and post-tested in psychological well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, subjective happiness, positive affect, and negative affect) and weekly PA minutes (i.e., weekly walking, vigorous, moderate, and total PA minutes). The data were analyzed be means of descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and ANCOVA repeated measures. Results: The results of ANCOVA repeated measures indicated that both groups maintained their slightly high or very high levels of life satisfaction, happiness, and positive affect over times. However, the two-level 4Active intervention group showed significant decreases in negative affect (F = 4.78, p = 0.04, η2 = 0.23) and significance increases in weekly moderate PA (F = 10.355, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.310) compared with the active control group over time. Conclusion: It is concluded that engaging in the two-level 4Active intervention including group-based multicomponent exercises and technology-enhanced self-exercises is more effective in decreasing negative affect and increasing weekly moderate PA METS-min in physically and cognitively frail older adults over time, compared with attending the group exercises alone.

The Social Media Effected on User’s Interpersonal Communication Self Esteem

This paper focuses on how the social media effects on user’s self esteem. The paper’s main goal is to investigate the relationship between social media and user’s self esteem factor. The paper collected data from a number of the most active social media users to participate with probably random sampling system. Data was collected with the use of a questionnaire that contained closed-ended questions. This paper has been effectuated by the examination of the events such as the the effect of social network sites on adolescents’ social and academic development: current theories and controversies. The paper examines the relationship between social network and social capital, privacy, youth safety, psychological well-being, and educational achievement. Last paper explored the social network sites effects on active social media user’s social and academic development, this research highlights the importance relations of the user’s self esteem and the affected physiologycal, safety, love, and self actualization need factors.

大学生人际自立特质与反应–主动攻击性的关系

为了研究大学生人际自立与反应–主动攻击性的关系，采用《大学生人际自立量表》和《反应–主动攻击问卷》对1112名在校大学生进行了调查，结果发现：反应性攻击与人际独立、人际主动、人际责任、人际灵活和人际开放五种特质均呈显著负相关，主动性攻击与人际独立、人际责任、人际灵活和人际开放均呈现显著负相关，同时主动性攻击与性别和年级也存在显著正相关关系。可以初步认为人际自立特质是主动性和反应性攻击的保护性人格因素的假设。 The study examined the relation between interpersonal self-support traits and reactive-proactive aggression. The Interpersonal Self-Support Scale for Undergraduate Students (ISSS-US) and Reac-tive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) were administrated to 1112 undergraduate stu-dents. The results showed that reactive aggression showed a significant negative correlation with interpersonal independence, interpersonal initiative, interpersonal responsibility, interpersonal flexibility and interpersonal openness; proactive aggression also showed a significant negative correlation with interpersonal independence, interpersonal responsibility, interpersonal flexibility and interpersonal openness. At the same time proactive aggression had a significant positive correlation with gender and grade. The results preliminarily support that interpersonal self- support traits are protective personality factor about reactive-proactive aggression.

Psychoanalysis in Spain: A Brief Account of the Transformative Pathways Between the Psychoanalysts and Their Institutions

Psychoanalysis in Spain has a plural history. Rooted in the Freudian and Kleinian traditions, it has developed in different directions and incorporated trends from contemporary psychoanalysis. The impact of socio-political factors forced several migratory movements that came back to Spain under the form of criticism to classical psychoanalysis, following ideas that were emerging from Latin America (e.g., Pichon Rivière) and North America (Cultural and Interpersonal Psychoanalysis, Self Psychology, and Intersubjective System theories) that enriched psychoanalytic thinking, and promoted new psychoanalytic institutions. Finally, Steve Mitchell’s relational perspective plays a crucial role among present developments.

PENGARUH HUBUNGAN ANTAR INDIVIDU DAN PEMANTAUAN DIRI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN KANWIL PT. BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (PERSERO) BANDA ACEH

This research aims to determine the effect of interpersonal relation and self monitoring toward employee performance of Kanwil PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) in Banda Aceh. This research conducting in the certain conditions the relationship between individual is difficult to connecting among employees (peer). Likewise self monitoring were often miss communication to each other between employees.Sample of 80 employees of the bank were taken by the convenience sampling method. Data collection using questioner, and then the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results found that the simultaneously and partially positive impact on the employee performance of Kanwil PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) in Banda Aceh. Relation between the performance of Bank employees with the ability of the interpersonal relation and self monitoring closely pertained, which is shown by koefisien corralation ® is 0.732 or 73.20 percen.. Statistical using the F test and T test showed that both simultaneously, and the partial correlation between individual ability and self monitoring is a significant (real) on employee performance of Kanwil PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia. So that Ha hypothesis is accepted and the other way Ho hypothesis is rejected. Therefore the leadership of the institutions must improve the capacity of employees to build relationship in the lead employees work environment and educate employees to be able and willing to make their own monitoring, this providing a direct and undirect effect with working performance will going better in accordance with the company vision and mission. Keywords: the effect of interpersonal relation, self monitoring toward employee performance, PT Bank Rakyat IndonesiaÂ

Construction by Interpersonal Context and Relationship to Psychological Outcomes

The repertory grid was used to elicit personal constructs with 10 elements, including three interpersonal self roles, in 33 participants (age M = 20.79, SD = 2.70). Each participant also rated a selection of supplied personality trait constructs and completed several psychological outcome measures. The distance between the self roles was associated with higher levels of anxiety for both personal and the supplied trait constructs, and was also related to greater cognitive complexity for personal constructs. The lack of statistical association between anxiety and cognitive complexity, however, suggested the distance relationships to each outcome are due to some other factor. Based on previous research findings, the overall pattern of results suggests that the grid distances between each interpersonal self is a due to the individual's behavioral flexibility or situational changeability. The findings demonstrate the importance of distinguishing between personal and supplied trait constructs.

Associative account of self-cognition: extended forward model and multi-layer structure.

The neural correlates of “self” identified by neuroimaging studies differ depending on which aspects of self are addressed. Here, three categories of self are proposed based on neuroimaging findings and an evaluation of the likely underlying cognitive processes. The physical self, representing self-agency of action, body-ownership, and bodily self-recognition, is supported by the sensory and motor association cortices located primarily in the right hemisphere. The interpersonal self, representing the attention or intentions of others directed at the self, is supported by several amodal association cortices in the dorsomedial frontal and lateral posterior cortices. The social self, representing the self as a collection of context-dependent social-values, is supported by the ventral aspect of the medial prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex. Despite differences in the underlying cognitive processes and neural substrates, all three categories of self are likely to share the computational characteristics of the forward model, which is underpinned by internal schema or learned associations between one’s behavioral output and the consequential input. Additionally, these three categories exist within a hierarchical layer structure based on developmental processes that updates the schema through the attribution of prediction error. In this account, most of the association cortices critically contribute to some aspect of the self through associative learning while the primary regions involved shift from the lateral to the medial cortices in a sequence from the physical to the interpersonal to the social self.

Group treatment for interpersonal effectiveness: a study of women in a medium secure psychiatric hospital

BackgroundInterpersonal effectiveness and social competence are central issues in treatment engagement and recovery for women with a diagnosis of personality disorder or schizophrenia in secure psychiatric settings.AimsTo assess the effectiveness of a manualized group cognitive behavioural treatment for women admitted to a secure inpatient unit.MethodThirty four patients were divided into treatment completers and non completers on the basis of rates of attendance. Pre-post measures covered interpersonal problems, self efficacy, company, relationships and risk behaviours.ResultsCompleters show significant pre-post changes on all measures, in contrast to non completers. Completers were younger and more likely to have experienced psychotherapy in the past.ConclusionsResults provide confirmatory evidence for the value of training in interpersonal and communication skills training for women in secure care. The failure of one third of patients to complete treatment raises issues about the timing and applicability of treatment for some patients.

Bridging the Gap

In recent years, a number of researchers have developed Rorschach coding approaches that attempt to quantify psychodynamic constructs. This article describes four such approaches: the Rorschach Defense Scales, Primitive Interpersonal Modes, the Mutuality of Autonomy Scale, and the Rorschach Reality-Fantasy Scale. These four seemingly different approaches have a common goal: creating quantitative Rorschach systems for describing psychodynamic constructs (defense mechanisms, primitive interpersonal modes, self- and object-representations) and the use of potential space.

Relationship among interpersonal relationship, coping style, self consistency and congruence for college students

Objective To provide evidence for the education on sychological health for the undergraduates by analyzing the relationship among interpersonal relationship, coping style, self consistency and congruence of local college students. Methods uestionnaires about interpersonal relationship, coping style, and self consistency and congruence have been carried out on a stratified random sample of 1471 students from four local colleges. And all the data of the questionnaire scales will be dealt with by the software SPSS15.0. Results ①Total scores on interpersonal relationship and self consistency and congruence of male college students( (9.88 ±5.51 );(93.29 ± 13.48 ) respectively) were much higher than the scores of the female college students ( ( 8.84 ± 5.11 );(90.09 ± 12.60) respectively). Total scores of the above two items for the seniors( ( 10.26 ± 5.89 ); ( 96.79 ±12.93) respectively) were obviously higher than the total scores of students of other grades. For the engineering students, whose total scores on the two items( ( 10.26 ±5.86); (93.57 ± 12.83 ) respectively) were remarkably higher than the scores of students of other majors. Regarding the various factors of coping style, there are significant differences in gender, grade and major( P ＜ 0. 01 ). ②Concerning the college students, there were conspicuous relationship among their interpersonal relationship, coping style, self consistency and congruence ( P ＜ 0.01 ).③ Self consistency and congruence could be effectively predicted by factors, i.e. total score of interpersonai relationship, remorse, problem-solving, rationalizing, fantasy, recoil, help-seeking and grade. Conclusion Collegestudents' ability of self consistency and congruence is affected by their coping style and interpersonal relationship.To improve the individual' s ability of self consistency and congruence and the condition of their psychological health, the most effective way is to cultivate the capability on interpersonal communication and apply the positively flexible coping style. Key words: Colleges students; Interpersonal relationship; Coping style; Self consistency and congruence

Diversity of Interpersonal Self and Mental Health

本研究では，様々な対人関係において認知される自己の多様性と精神的健康の関連について検討が行われた。99名の学生を対象に，親密な5人の他者とそれぞれ一緒にいる場合の自己認知について評定を求めた。自己認知は3次元（社会的望ましさ，個人的親しみやすさ，活動性）に基づいて測定した。その結果，社会的望ましさにおける自己の多様性は精神的健康の低さと関連し，個人的親しみやすさにおける自己の多様性は精神的健康の高さと関連した。活動性における多様性は精神的健康と関連せず，全般的な活動性の高さが精神的健康の高さと関連した。このことから，一定した社会的望ましさと多様な個人的親しみやすさが適応的であることが示唆された。自己の多様性と精神的健康が関連するプロセスについて，他者からの評価や関係満足度などを今後検討することが議論された。

Attachment and Religious Beliefs––Attachment Styles in Evangelical Christians

Attachment styles, interpersonal problems, and personality variables were identified in male members of two German charismatic Christian congregations. To assess attachment styles and interpersonal relations, a semi-structured attachment interview was applied. In addition, self report measures focusing on aspects of self concept, self regulation, and interpersonal problems were used and analysed in relation to attachment styles. Significant differences were found between the investigated group and corresponding norm samples in a number of measures related to interpersonal problems, self regulation, and self concept. Focussing on attachment styles, the results are compared with findings of the literature and discussed accordingly.

Discussion of Fiscalini's “Coparticipant Inquiry

The author discusses Dr. Fiscalini's idea of coparticipant psychoanalysis by placing it in historical context. The ideas of the personal self and the interpersonal self emerge from two divergent lines of interpersonal thought, one being Sullivan and the other Fromm. The author poses several questions for consideration.

The Contribution of Self–Regulatory Efficacy Beliefs in Managing Affect and Family Relationships to Positive Thinking and Hedonic Balance

In line with prior work, the present study aimed at examining a conceptual model that assigns a crucial role to affective and family interpersonal self–regulatory efficacy beliefs in influencing the cognitive and affective components of subjective well–being, namely, positive thinking and hedonic balance. Positive thinking is posited as the latent dimension underlying life satisfaction, self–esteem, and optimism. In contrast, hedonic balance is posited as the difference between positive affect and negative affect, as they are experienced in a variety of daily life situations. The present study was conducted on 347 Italian married males and females, and its findings corroborated the paths of posited relations linking the variables of interest. In particular, both one's perceived capacities to manage negative and positive affect and to manage relationships with the spouse and children accounted for a considerable portion of the variance in both subjective well–being components.

Trajectories of Treatment Response in Late-Life Depression

The authors examined the effect of psychosocial and clinical variables on treatment response trajectory in elderly patients with major depressive disorder. Three studies provided data on treatment response in 360 elderly depressed subjects who participated in protocols using either nortriptyline or paroxetine as monotherapy or, in 2 studies, combined with interpersonal psychotherapy. Treatment response was assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 Item (HRSD-17) score over 12 weeks of acute treatment in each study. The mixture-modeling method of trajectory analysis was used to identify different subpopulations of response, and to determine whether baseline HRSD-17 score, depressive illness course (single or recurrent), current episode duration, Interpersonal Self Evaluation List-Self-esteem factor, age at study entry, and medical burden were risk factor covariates associated with response trajectory. As a contrast, logistic regression was used to assess the association between the same covariates and the probability of response (defined as HRSD-17 < or =10 and 50% reduction from baseline). In each study, there were 2 response trajectories with similar course, but with different speed. We classified the trajectories as "rapid response" and "slower response." Baseline HRSD-17 score was a significant predictor of response trajectory, with higher initial score related to slower response trajectory. Higher self-esteem was associated with more rapid response trajectory. In the logistic regression analysis, in two of the studies, higher baseline HRSD-17 score was a significant risk factor for nonresponse. In the study without psychotherapy, higher self-esteem was associated with responding to treatment. Thus, trajectory analysis can identify different trajectories of responders and determine psychosocial and clinical variables associated with response trajectory in the acute treatment of geriatric depression. Further study focusing on risk factors associated with slower response may help optimize treatment in elderly patients who do not respond quickly to first-line therapies.

Self–Efficacy Beliefs As Determinants of Prosocial Behavior Conducive to Life Satisfaction Across Ages

The present study tested the posited structural path of influence through which perceived self–efficacy of affect regulation operates in concert with perceived interpersonal self–efficacy to determine prosocial behavior, which in turn influences satisfaction with life in four age groups. A strong sense of efficacy in the regulation of positive and negative affect was associated with a high perceived efficacy in the management of social relationships and in empathic engagement in others' emotional experiences. Interpersonal self–efficacy directly affected prosocial behavior and entirely mediated the influence of affective self–efficacy on it. As predicted, prosocial behavior directly influenced life satisfaction, showing a higher path of influence for the oldest group as compared to the other ones. The structural model provided a better fit for the data than did alternative models.

Self-Concepts and Interpersonal Perceptions of Sexual Offenders in Relation to Brain Abnormalities

Summary A higher rate of minimal brain abnormalities detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is found in a sample of highly violent incarcerated sexual offenders compared to a low violent group. Although similar in age, the MRI-positive group (n = 17) exhibited more previous nonsexual violent felonies, and more offenses against property than the MRI-negative subjects (n = 21). When comparing self-perceptions of aggression, self-concepts and interpersonal problems in offender groups, those with brain abnormalities showed lower self-perceived aggression and slightly better self-concepts. Self-per-ceived-aggression in offenders without brain abnormalities was found to be highly dependent from social and interpersonal self perceptions, whereas these associations could not be shown in offenders with brain abnormalities. The preliminary conclusion is that minimal brain abnormalities in sexual offenders might lead to disruption of social perception and feelings of aggression and anxiety. This disconnection ...

THE SELF-CONCEPT IN INSTITUTIONALIZED AND NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDERLY PEOPLE

Although the topic of relocation of the elderly has generated considerable research, few studies have investigated its consequences on the content of the self-concept and on the levels of self-esteem. Sixty institutionalized and sixty non-institutionalized elderly men and women participated in an investigation which assessed their spontaneous self-concept by means of the Twenty Statements Test and their level of self-esteem by means of the Rosenberg Scale. The results indicate that the institutionalized elderly have a more negative self-concept, lower levels of self-esteem, and a more restricted inter-personal self.

Regulating the interpersonal self: Strategic self-regulation for coping with rejection sensitivity.

Regulating the interpersonal self: Strategic self-regulation for coping with rejection sensitivity.