Interpersonal Psychoanalysis Research Articles

Psykoanalysens terapeutiske holdning i lyset af empirisk forskning og den interpersonelle psykoanalyse

(2000). The psychoanalytic therapeutic attitude—a discussion based on empirical research and insights from interpersonal psychoanalysis. Nordisk Psykologi: Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 163-196.

Revision from the Margins: Fromm's Contributions to Psychoanalysis

Fromm's important contributions to the modern development of psychoanalytic thought are often ignored and frequently misunderstood. An early proponent of revisions of psychoanalytic theory and therapy similar to recent trends in object relations, self-psychology and interpersonal psychoanalysis, Fromm was a visionary for a Freudian theory built upon orthodoxies of the past but going beyond them. It is argued here that Fromm's unique role in helping create a new version of psychoanalysis for the 21st century was as sociological as it was intellectual. Fromm's contributions were intimately linked to his institutional positioning close to the center but on the relative margins of the discipline. This paper will outline how sociological dynamics shaped Fromm's revision of psychoanalysis. We will conclude by discussing how Fromm was able to have a more dramatic influence than other Freudian revisionists who were less favourably positioned.

Relatedness: Where Humanistic and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Converge

Historically, the third force was founded to move beyond what Maslow and others saw as reductionism in psychoanalysis as well as behaviorism. Existential-humanistic and psychoanalytic psychotherapies have often been regarded as being worlds apart. In this article, I suggest that dialogical-existential therapy and interpersonal psychoanalysis have significant common ground, particularly in their emphasis on relatedness as being the key factor that facilitates change. I show how interpersonal psychoanalysis, as articulated by Mitchell and Aron, goes further than intersubjectivity theory in bringing psychoanalysis and existential-humanistic psychology closer together. I also show how this perspective is relevant to clinical work.

Den interpersonelle psykoanalyse

The article presents the historical development and major concepts of interpersonal psychoanalysis. This relatively new—and situated primarily in the United States—branch of psycho- dynamic theory rejects the Freudian instinct theory and attempts to revise parts of classic psychoanalytic theory that are trying to understand human psychology on the basis of individual-centered models and concepts. Instead, human psychology is seen as developed by and constantly manifested in interpersonal relationships. Special attention is given to the interpersonal psychoanalytic understanding of developmental psychology and concepts of psychopathology. Finally, some problems in more radical versions of interpersonal psychoanalysis is addressed.

Journal Reviews

Covington, Coline. ‘Learning how to forget – repeating the past as a defence against the present’.Grotstein, James. ‘Bion, the Pariah of O’.Hinshelwood, R. D. ‘The elusive concept of “internal objects” (1934–1943): its role in the formation of the Klein Group’.Lippmann, Paul. ‘On dreams and interpersonal psychoanalysis’.Renik, Owen. ‘Conscious and unconscious use of the self’.Schaverien, Joy. ‘Men who leave too soon: reflections on the erotic transference and countertransference’.Williams, Gianna, ‘Reflections on some dynamics of eating disorders: “no entry” defences and foreign bodies’.Slavin, Malcolm & Kriegman, D. ‘Why the analyst needs to change: towards a theory of conflict, negotiation, and mutual influence in the therapeutic process’.

Freud and Beyond. A History of Modern Psychoanalytic Thought

STEPHEN A. MITCHELL AND MARGARET BLACK. Freud and Beyond. A History of Modern Psychoanalytic Thought. Basic Books, New York, 1995, 293 pp., $27.50, ISBN 0-231 100221. Stephen A. Mitchell and Margaret Black, both well-known psychoanalytic educators, show us in Freud and Beyond how psychoanalytic theory, which started in an age of rationality and objective truth-while also challenging these very valueshas gradually been turning toward a postmodern perspective. The authors choose to introduce each School from the perspective of their foremost spokespersons, leaving all the hotly debated controversies to the last chapters. This approach has the advantage of keeping the integrity of each theory and allowing readers to make up their own minds, and the disadvantage of a somewhat bland neutrality. This is especially striking in the first chapter on Freud's original theory in which the Freudian legend on how it all happened-for example, the much disputed Anna O. story, or why Freud gave up the seduction theory-is rigorously preserved. The reader is then introduced to the Schools of Ego Psychology-with Hartmann, Spitz, Mahler, and Jacobson as leading theorists-emphasizing the gradual transformation of Freud's instinct theories toward a more interpersonal bent. Generally, all along, the concepts of each new School are compared to Freud's original body of theories-to a fault. In chapter 5, we meet the British Objects Relations School represented by Fairbairn, Winnicott, Guntrip, and Balint where the importance of instincts are replaced by the equally fateful nature of the early maternal environment. Mitchell's co-authored 1983 book, Object Relations in Psychoanalytic Theory, showed his expertise in that area, and here again, the clarity and succinctness of the exposition of various scholars' theoretical perspectives is outstanding. I do wonder why John Bowlby, whose attachment theory had such a decisive influence on our current thinking about human development, is only discussed in one page, while Melanie Klein is allocated the entire chapter 4. Erik Erikson and Heinz Kohut find themselves in the same chapter 6, both dealing with Identity and/or the Self. Here again, I found myself wishing that the authors had mentioned the recent discovery that the famous patient Mr. Z., who changed the course of his thinking, was Kohut himself. This reviewer was pleased, for her students' sake, to encounter an entire chapter on Harry Stack Sullivan-along with other Neo-Freudians-even though he is usually not viewed as having worked within the psychoanalytic fold. But Mitchell, known as a leading relational theorist himself, introduces Sullivan as the founder of interpersonal psychoanalysis. …

On dreams and interpersonal psychoanalysis

The richness and creativity of early classical work with dreams became narrowed through doctrinaire obedience to Freud's brilliant hypotheses. Interpersonal psychoanalysis, though originally little interested in problems of mind and private mentation, may be well suited, in part due to its lack of a comprehensive dream theory, to a clinical approach to dreams that is relatively open‐minded, pluralistic, complexly layered, collaborative, and playful. Multiple possibilities for the meanings of dreams and multiple ways of approaching dreams in analytic therapy are suggested. Although many therapists for complex reasons shy away from working on dreams, an interpersonal approach recognizes that several wishes of both patient and analyst may be significantly fulfilled in the pleasures of working together on dreams. If it is mindful of what is unfortunately a growing tendency to project into all dreams a single‐minded preoccupation with transference and countertransference, and if it respects the world of dream ...

Interpersonal-relational psychoanalysis: An introduction and overview of contemporary implications and applications

Abstract For half a century Interpersonal psychoanalysis has developed relatively independent of the tradition of Freud and his followers. The Interpersonal movement was founded by Harry Stack Sullivan, Clara Thompson and others who believed that the psyche could not be understood as an entity that evolves without input from the external environment. The Interpersonal view is that interactions between people influence every aspect of the individual's experience, and that no person can be studied without simultaneously noting the ongoing impact between the observer and the observed. This line of thought has led to conclusions concerning personality, psychopathology and clinical technique that depart from traditional psychoanalysis. The paper illustrates a number of these differences, emphasizing that the current emergence of the “two-person model” of the psychoanalytic situation offers a potential rapprochement between the Interpersonal and more classical views.

Scientific meetings of the Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis

What is curative in psychoanalysis? Is change grounded solely in the analytic relationship, as currently espoused in many circles? Or is it based in the more timehonored orientations of ego psychology, interpersonal psychoanalysis, relational conflict theory, or developmental arrest models? And what role does the verbal interpretation serve in facilitating change? Can a noninterpretive stance be mutative? Joseph Newirth, in his stimulating, provocative, and sensitively drawn paper, attempted to address these questions by drawing from a wealth of theoretical material and a rich case presentation. Newirth argued that the current trend toward relationalism in psychoanalysis reflects a wholesale accommodation of analytic theories that shortchanges the analytical relationship in its failure to provide a developmental framework, particularly with respect to developmental arrest. The thrust of Newirth's position is that developmental arrest has been conceptually misunderstood by proponents of relationalism as pathologizing the patient and ennobling the analyst. In his view, developmental arrest is represented not by a damaged or deprived child in need of compensatory love, but rather by a failure in the capacity for symbolic experience, which is reflected in the patient's sense of the self and the world as concrete, fragile, unstable, and vulnerable to random and unpredictable external forces. The analyst's role, he holds, must be as an "active strategist" in the process of creating the verbal and nonverbal experiences that facilitate the development of the capacity to use symbolic thought. Referring in large measure to Winnicott's work on the use of such noninterpretative approaches as play, enactment, and transitional experiences, Newirth illustrated his position by presenting a case in which he and a patient develop an uninterpreted ritual of sharing a donut (then later a cookie) in each session. He elaborated with careful detail how this simple yet complex treatment situation, replete with transference and countertransference enactments, created an arena for transitional experiences for both the patient and himself, which became the me233

Conceptions of Structure in Interpersonal Psychoanalysis

(1994). Conceptions of Structure in Interpersonal Psychoanalysis. Contemporary Psychoanalysis: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 255-300.

The Uniquely Interpersonal and the Interpersonally Unique

In this paper, I will discuss the two concepts, uniqueness and interpersonal, in two different ways: first, in an examination of the uniquely interpersonal - what, in my opinion, uniquely defines or distinguishes Interpersonal psychoanalysis (Sullivan); and then, second, in a brief look at the interpersonally unique - a set of analytic attitudes that I think are essential to the facilitation of analytic aliveness and creativity, and which I call openness to singularity, or uniqueness.

Commentary on trop and Stolorow's “defense analysis in self psychology”;

I want to begin by thanking Drs. Trop and Stolorow for a very interesting paper. I am in basic sympathy with many features of the clinical approach they recommend and describe so clearly and persuasively. I see their perspective as similar and in many respects compatible with other major theoretical traditions, such as interpersonal psychoanalysis and some versions of object relations theories. Taken together, these various relational theories have provided a compelling and comprehensive alternative to the classical model of orthodox psychoanalysis. In my view, the battle against orthodoxy has been largely won; the real vitality and creativity in the field have shifted to efforts, like the present one, to develop postclassical, broadly relational approaches to mind, development, and the analytic situation. Because the battle has been won, it is now less interesting to recount the deficiencies of the classical model than to explore the subtle but quite important differences among postclassical perspectives, and that is what I intend to do in this discussion.

Countertransference disclosure and the asymmetry/mutuality dilemma

No single issue illustrates more clearly the interpersonal therapist's struggle between asymmetry and mutuality than countertransference disclosure. On a theoretical plane, all versions of interpersonal psychoanalysis share a comfortable tolerance for a central dynamic tension between the mutual influence of the participants and the asymmetry inherent in a relationship that emphasizes understanding the motivations of only one participant. This same marriage of concepts has, however, been a source of considerable confusion within the area of technique. The practitioner is charged with the technical implementation of the theory and must define the line between asymmetry and mutuality in everyday interactions with patients. Difficulty tolerating the ambiguity caused by the tension between asymmetry and mutuality results in the understandable urge to seek a definitive and unwavering position on countertransference disclosure. Dimensions of the therapist's struggle include complex decisions concerning the prim...

Experiential Psychoanalysis and the Engagement of Selves: Ferenczi's Vision and the Psychoanalytic Present

Recent interest in the life and work of Sandor Ferenczi reconsiders his pivotal role within the development of clinical psychoanalysis (Nemes, 1988; Thompson, 1988). Ferenczi's contributions have been linked to therapeutic orientations that include Rogerian humanistic psychology; Kohutian self psychology; the object relational approach of D. W. Winnicott; and interpersonal psychoanalysis (Katz, 1988; Lum, 1988; Rachman, 1988). Among his analysands were such divergent psychoanalytic pioneers as Ernest Jones, Melanie Klein, Michael Balint, Sandor Rado, and Clara Thompson.

Contemporary perspectives on self: Toward an integration

Formulations concerning self have been a predominant concern of psychoanalytic theorizing over the past several decades; many different definitions have been employed, and many different perspectives explored. Despite the diversity of definitions and multiplicity of approaches, certain consistent themes and concerns have characterized postclassical theorizing and mark their difference from classical psychoanalysis. This article explores the view of the self as multiplex and discontinuous, as developed in both object relations theories and in interpersonal psychoanalysis. This approach to self is contrasted and interfaced with the view of the self as continuous and integral, as developed within self psychology.

Problems of Training Analysis: A Critical Review of Current Concepts

Problems of Training Analysis: A Critical Review of Current Concepts

Interpersonal Psychoanalysis: New Directions, edited by Earl G. Witenberg, M.D. New York, N. Y., Gardner Press (Halsted Press, John Wiley & Sons, distributor), 1978, 150 pp., $16.95

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ARTICLESNo AccessInterpersonal Psychoanalysis: New Directions, edited by Earl G. Witenberg, M.D. New York, N. Y., Gardner Press (Halsted Press, John Wiley & Sons, distributor), 1978, 150 pp., $16.95Robert G. Kvarnes, M.D.Robert G. KvarnesWashington, D.C.Search for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:24 Apr 2020https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4a.471bAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail "Interpersonal Psychoanalysis: New Directions, edited by Earl G. Witenberg, M.D. New York, N. Y., Gardner Press (Halsted Press, John Wiley & Sons, distributor), 1978, 150 pp., $16.95." American Journal of Psychiatry, 136(4A), pp. 471–472 Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byNone Volume 136Issue 4A April 1979Pages 471-472 Metrics PDF download History Published online 24 April 2020 Published in print 1 April 1979

Graduates' evaluation of their psychoanalytic training.

Graduates' Evaluation of their Psychoanalytic TrainingSidney S. GoldensohnSidney S. GoldensohnMental Health Service (HIP), 625 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:July 2017https://doi.org/10.1521/jaap.1.1977.5.1.51PDFPDF PLUS ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations AboutReferencesBalint M. (1948), On the psychoanalytic training system, Int. J. Psychoanal., 29, 163–173. Google ScholarDavidson L. (1975), The way things are, Contemp. Psychoanal., 11, (3), 349–356. Google ScholarDulchin J. (1966), The addition of new members to the elite of a psychoanalytic training institute, unpublished. Google ScholarEkstein R. (1969), Thoughts concerning appointment and election procedures for training analysts and other faculty members, J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 149, (2), 208–212. Google ScholarFestinger L. (1957), A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, Row, Peterson, Evanston. Google ScholarFreud A. (1971), The ideal psychoanalytic institute: A utopia, Bull Menninger Clinic, 35, 4. Google ScholarMarmor J. (1974), Psychiatry in Transition, Brunner/Mazel, New York, 232. Google ScholarShapiro D. (1974), The training setting in training analysis: A retrospective view of the evaluative and reporting role and other “hampering” factors, Int. J. Psychoanal., 55, 297–306. Google ScholarSzasz T. (1962), The problem of privacy in training analysis: Selections from a questionnaire study of psychoanalytic practices and opinions, Psychiatry, 25, 195–207. Google ScholarThompson C. (1964), A study of the emotional climate of psychoanalytic institutes, in Interpersonal Psychoanalysis, Green M., Ed., Basic Books, New York, 54–62. Google ScholarZucker A.; (1972), Parents, progeny, and power in corpus psychoanalyticum, Psychiat. Opin., 9, 6. Google Scholar Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Cited byCited by1. 상담자의 심리치료와 전문성 발달Online publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar2. What 75 Psychoanalysts Found Helpful and Hurtful in Their Own Analyses.Online publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar3. Time-limited group psychotherapy: Has cinderella found her prince?Online publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar4. Block Training in Group Analysis: The Norwegian ProgramOnline publication date: 21 October 2015. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar5. Psychoanalytic training and its effect on the candidate's clinical workOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar6. Hacia una historia del psicoanálisisOnline publication date: 29 April 2014. Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarDoreen E. Schecter7. Problems of Training Analysis: A Critical Review of Current ConceptsOnline publication date: 13 July 2017. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar Volume 5Issue 1Jan 1977 Information© 1977 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.PDF download

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:Interpersonal Psychoanalysis By Clara M. Thompson.The Child and the Magistrate By John A. F. WatsonDrugs, Doctors and Disease By Brian InglisThe Year Book of Pediatrics 1964/65 Series Edited by Sydney S. GellisThe Educationally Subnormal—Pre and Post School NeedsThe Psychological Responses of Children to Hospitalisation and Illness By D. T. A. Vernon, J. M. Foley, R. R. Sipowicz, J. L. SchulmanHealth, its Nature and Conservation By F. A. E. CrewFluid and Electrolytes in Neurological Surgery By Burton L. WiseThe Cytoplasm in Heredity By D. WilkieThe Development and Disorders of Speech in Childhood By Muriel E. MorleyFaulty Posture, Its Effects and Treatment By Molly TurnerNutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation

Interpersonal Psychoanalysis: The Selected Papers of Clara M. Thompson Edited by Maurice Green

Interpersonal Psychoanalysis: The Selected Papers of Clara M. Thompson Edited by Maurice Green