Interpersonal Needs Research Articles

Depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life: Moderating role of interpersonal needs among university students.

Depression, anxiety, and stress are ranked among the top mental health concerns faced by university students in recent times perpetuated by the proliferation of digitalization. Thus, this study was performed to assess the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life, with interpersonal needs (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) as moderators. A cross-sectional study using a convenient sampling method was conducted among 430 Malaysian private university students (Mean aged= 20.73 years; SD = 1.26 years). A self-administered questionnaire comprising the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire were used. Students who experienced lower depression and anxiety reported higher satisfaction with life under the influence of low perceived burdensomeness. Perceived burdensomeness, when coupled with depression (β = 0.76, p < 0.01) and anxiety (β = 0.79, p < 0.01), contributed 15.8% of variance in satisfaction with life. Students who experienced stress reported higher satisfaction with life under the influence of high thwarted belongingness (β = 0.73, p < 0.01), contributing 17.3% of the variance in satisfaction with life. For university students who experienced depression and anxiety symptoms, mental health practitioners may need to be cognizant of how to support students' education and management of their perceived burdensomeness perceptions.

Interpersonal Needs and Suicidality of Discharged Army Veterans

Joiner’s (2007) Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS) has shown promise in understanding the ongoing problem of veteran suicide. Consistent with IPTS, it was hypothesized that perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB) would significantly predict suicidal ideation (SI), while acquired capability (AC) would predict SI after controlling for the effects of PB and TB on SI. It was also hypothesized that Army veterans’ help-seeking intentions would negatively predict SI after controlling for PB, TB, and AC and that veterans who had been discharged for one or more years (<em>n</em> = 165) would have higher SI than those discharged for less than one year (<em>n</em> = 105). Data from 270 Army veterans were collected. Measures included the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-10, the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale, the Beck Scale of Suicidal Ideation, and the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire. Results indicated that PB and TB were significant predictors of SI (<em>R²</em> = .36, <em>F</em>(2, 267) = 74.66, <em>p</em> = .000); neither AC nor veterans’ help-seeking intentions significantly predicted SI. Army veterans’ time since discharge positively predicted SI (<em>R²</em> = .36, <em>F</em>(1, 264) = 31.84, <em>p</em> = .000) and veterans who were discharged longer than 1 year had higher levels of SI than those discharged more recently (<em>R</em>² = .38, <em>F</em>(1, 268) = 9.61, <em>p</em> = .002). Results are consistent with the literature and support the need for further research regarding Army veterans and their levels of SI help-seeking behaviors.

Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among university students in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic: the application of interpersonal-psychological theory and early maladaptive schema.

BackgroundThis study examined the application of interpersonal-psychological theory and early maladaptive schema of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in South Korean university students.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, data from 367 university students were surveyed using the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Early Maladaptive Schema, Suicide Ideation Scale, and the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale. Data were collected between June 21 and July 21, 2021.ResultsUniversity students’ interpersonal needs and early maladaptive schema were significantly associated with suicidal ideation, and influencing suicide attempts. The acquired capability for suicide moderated the relationship between suicidal ideation and attempts.ConclusionsIn suicide prevention programs for university students, it is critical to consider their interpersonal needs and early maladaptive schema, and the acquired capability for suicide, to prevent suicidal ideation and attempts among them.

Thwarted belongingness as a factor of lower anxiety of being infected and power adherence to recommendations in pandemic in female adolescents

IntroductionPoor adherence with recommendations during pandemic is wide-spread and increases populational risk of being infected (Smith et al., 2020, Webster et al., 2020, Freeman et al., 2020). Revealing psychological factors of low adherence in adolescents is important for interventions planning. This study tests the role of perceived social support and belongingness in COVID-related anxiety and adherence.ObjectivesThe aim was to reveal relationships between COVID-related anxiety, monitoring of information about pandemic, adherence to recommendations and interpersonal needs in female adolescents.Methods183 female adolescents (13-21 years old) filled Anxiety Regarding Pandemic Scale, Information Monitoring and Adherence To COVID-related Recommendations Scales (Tkhostov, Rasskazova, 2020), Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (Van Orden et al., 2012).ResultsFemale adolescents moderately (m±sd=3.32±1.40 of 1–6-point scale) worried about negative consequences of pandemic on their life and lowly worried about risk of being infected (m±sd=2.53±1.15). Their adherence to recommendations was upper medium (m±sd=3.42±1.18). Neither worries nor adherence were related to age. Perceived burdensomeness was unrelated to COVID-related anxiety and adherence while thwarted belongingness was related to lower anxiety of being infected (r=-.23, p&lt;.01) and poorer adherence to recommendations (r=-.19, p&lt;.05).ConclusionsIn female adolescents thwarted belongingness is a risk factor of poor adherence to COVID-related recommendations because of lower anxiety of being infected. Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-04-60072.DisclosureResearch is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-04-60072.

Perceived Burdensomeness, Thwarted Belongingness and Fearlessness About Death in Italian university students: validation of the INQ-15 and the ACSS-FAD

IntroductionThe Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-15) and the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale - Fearlessness About Death (ACSS-FAD) have been introduced to evaluate the theoretical constructs posit by Joiner’s Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS).ObjectivesThe present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the INQ-15 (which measures Thwarted Belongingness, TB, and Perceived Burdensomeness, PB) and the ACSS-FAD (measurement of Fearlessness About Death, FAD, dimension of the acquired capability) in a population of Italian university students.MethodsSince there was no Italian version of the ACSS-FAD, we have translated it through an accurate multistage procedure. ACSS-FAD and INQ-15 have been administered to a sample of 1,665 Italian university students. We analyzed the factorial structure of the INQ-15 and the ACSS-FAD, their reliability, criterion, convergent and discriminant validity.ResultsPrincipal Component Analysis confirmed a two-dimensional structure for INQ-15 and a one-factor structure for ACSS-FAD. Internal consistency reliability of the scales was good, respectively TB: α = .85; PB: α = .90; and FAD: α = .85. The INQ-15 demonstrated concurrent associations with suicidal ideation, while the ACSS-FAD with a history of suicidal planning/suicide attempt. Convergent and discriminant validity were also in line with previous studies.ConclusionsBoth INQ-15 and ACSS-FAD appropriately capture the respective constructs, proving to be valid measures for the assessment of suicide risk factors among Italian university students according to the IPTS. The valuable psychometric properties of the two scales established with this study in the Italian context encourages their use to advance the clinical understanding and prevention of suicide.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Relationship to physical and psychological pain as factors of deviant behavior in Russian female adolescents

IntroductionBorderline personality manifests in female adolescence and youth by higher frequency of deviant behaviors and suicidal ideations. Psychological models suggests that both perception and relationship to physical pain (Joiner, 2005, O’Connor, Kirtley, 2018, Galynker, 2017) as well as psychological pain (Eisenberger et al., 2003) could increase the risk.ObjectivesThis study concentrates on the relationship between relationship to physical and psychological pain and reported deviant behavior in female adolescents.Methods204 female adolescents (13-21 years old) filled checklist appraising alcohol use, drug use, aggressive behavior, suicidal ideations and emotional difficulties (Cronbach’s alphas .67-.89), Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (Van Orden et al., 2012), Discomfort Intolerance Scale (Schmidt et al., 2006), The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan et al., 1995).ResultsElder females more frequently reported substance use (r=.23-.28) and less frequently aggressive behavior (r=-.19) while suicidal ideations were unrelated to age. Females reporting higher perceived burdensomeness and emotional difficulties also reported higher alcohol use (r=.25-.29), aggressive behavior (r=.37-.42) and suicidal ideations (r=.64-.84). Thwarted belongingness correlated with suicidal ideations (r=.50) and aggressive behavior (r=.26). Higher alcohol use was associated with catastrophizing of pain in the form of magnification and helplessness (r=.17) while suicidal ideations and aggressive behavior were related to ruminations, magnification and helplessness (r=.23-.33). Only correlations between aggression and pain catastrophizing remained significant after statistical control of psychological pain (r=.15-.22).ConclusionsAfter control for psychological pain, only aggressive behavior is related to catastrophizing of physical pain. Study is supported by Russian science Foundation, project 22-28-01524.DisclosureStudy is supported by Russian Science Foundation, project 22-28-01524.

An application for identification and stratification psychological crisis among pandemic frontline healthcare workers

IntroductionThe COVID-MENTA Screening Program was developed to monitor the mental health of frontline healthcare professionals and identify those at high risk for suicide at the Kiskunhalas Mobile Disease Control Hospital.ObjectivesOur post hoc analysis aimed to investigate the association between psychological distress and suicide ideation based on passively collected data during the screening work.MethodsA sample of 50 healthcare professionals was analyzed from 167 participants in the COVID-MENTA Screening Program between the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection was performed during the breaks of healthcare professionals at work. Half of the group (N=25) perceived severe distress (scored &gt; 5/10 on Distress Thermometer). The crisis monitoring application was based on Klonsky and May’s 3-step theory (2015) and was built by adapting the questions on the appropriate international scales (Psychache Scale, Beck’s Hopelessness Scale, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Suicide Capacity Scale). The tool can stratify the current suicide risk into seven levels.ResultsSpearman’s Rank Correlation was used for statistical analysis. There was a significant positive correlation between the psychological distress and the suicide risk (r (48) = 0,43, p &lt; 0,01).ConclusionsOur findings supported the hypothesis of the study that the risk of suicide rises with the increase of the level of distress. The application has been proved effective in ecological conditions, helping in several cases to screen individuals currently at increased risk for suicide, allowing us to intervene in a timely and effective manner.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Increased severity of mental health symptoms among adolescent inpatients during COVID-19

ObjectivePrior research suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has been detrimental to adolescent mental health. However, no research has examined whether the pandemic is associated with increased symptom severity among high-risk youth, such as those hospitalized for a psychiatric crisis. MethodOver a four-year period, upon admission to an adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit, youth completed measures of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), feeling like a burden and lack of belongingness (Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire), trauma-related symptoms (Child Trauma Screen), suicidal thoughts and behaviors (Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview Self-Report Version). We compared the severity of these symptoms for patients admitted during the pandemic to the severity for patients admitted to the same unit in the three years before the pandemic. ResultsAcross most symptoms, youth hospitalized during the pandemic reported increased severity compared to those hospitalized before the pandemic. ConclusionsAdolescents requiring psychiatric hospitalization during the pandemic reported increased symptom severity compared to adolescents hospitalized on the same inpatient unit in the three years prior to the pandemic.

Development and initial validation of a parent report measure of youth belongingness and burdensomeness.

The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITS) implicates thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness as casually related to suicide desire. The self-report Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) is the most commonly used measure to assess belongingness and burdensomeness, including in youth. No parent-report version of the INQ exists. The current study adapted the ten-item version of the INQ (INQ-10) for parent report of youth belongingness and burdensomeness, thereby moving ITS research in youth to a multi-informant measurement approach, and examined its factor structure and convergent and concurrent validity. Participants were 168 clinic-referred youths ages 9-17years (58.9% female; Mage =11.91) and their parents. Findings supported a two-factor structure of the parent INQ. In support of convergent and concurrent validity, parent-reported belongingness and burdensomeness were significantly associated with youth-reported belongingness and burdensomeness, suicide ideation, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and impairment. The current study provides initial support the INQ-parent version as a valid measure to complement youth self-reports of belongingness and burdensomeness.

Psychometric Properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15 in Spanish Adolescents

BackgroundThwarted Belongingness (TB) and Perceived Burdensomeness (PB) are considered risk factors of suicide behavior in the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide and constitute the main factors of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire—INQ.AimsThe present study analyzes the internal consistency, construct validity, and invariance across sex and age of the INQ-15, which comprises two subscales, in a sample of Spanish community adolescents.MethodsParticipants were 1,536 adolescents from 12 to 19 years old. The INQ-15, the total number of non-suicidal self-injuries (NSSI), the Hopelessness Scale, and the Purpose in Life Test-Adolescents (PIL-A) were used.ResultsThe INQ-15 showed good internal consistency for TB ( = 0.88) and PB ( = 0.78) subscales and construct and concurrent/discriminant validity in the whole sample. Both the PB and TB subscales showed a good fit { = 6.448, p = 0.694, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.000 [90% CI (0.000, 0.022)] and = 248.973, p = 0.000, CFI = 0.922, RMSEA = 0.073 [90% CI (0.065, 0.082)]}, respectively. Regarding the invariance analyses, we found (1) non-invariance in the PB subscale across sex groups and metric, scalar, and stric invariance across age groups, and (2) that it was not possible to perform the invariance analysis for the TB subscale across both sex and age because the fit was not adequate for both boys and 12–15 years old groups. Positive and significant relationships were found between the INQ-15 subscales and hopelessness and NSSI frequency, and negative and significant correlations with meaning in life.ConclusionsThe INQ-15 is a valid instrument for assessing TB and PB in Spanish adolescents. Future studies should analyze the invariance of this instrument in adolescents across sex and age.

Peer Adversity Predicts Interpersonal Needs in Adolescent Girls.

The need to belong (NTB) and need for approval (NFA) are fundamental interpersonal needs vital to social development. Although these needs are universal, individual differences in the strength of these needs likely emerge from critical social experiences. In particular, given the growing salience of peer social evaluation and belonging across adolescence, interpersonal needs during this stage may be strongly tied to both early and recent experiences in the peer group. The aim of the present study was to examine the contribution of lifetime and recent peer adversity to both general and situation-specific interpersonal needs in a sample of adolescent girls (N = 89, Mage = 15.85). Results revealed that recent peer adversity predicted avoidance-oriented NFA, whereas a significant interaction between lifetime and recent peer adversity predicted approach-oriented NFA. Although neither lifetime nor recent peer adversity predicted individual differences in NTB, both predicted threats to interpersonal needs in the context of a laboratory manipulation of social exclusion. Specifically, both lifetime and recent peer adversity predicted greater need-threat prior to the exclusion, but only individuals who had experienced lifetime peer adversity continued to display ongoing high levels of threatened interpersonal needs.

Suicide Risk among Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Hope

ABSTRACT Objectives The current study investigated whether hope and its two components (agency and pathways) acted as protective factors by weakening the relations between perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and acquired capability for suicide and suicide risk among older adults. Methods A community sample of 594 older Australians aged from 60 to 95 years (M age = 68.72, SD age = 6.67) completed the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-Revised, Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale-Fearlessness about Death Scale, Adult Hope Scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale-short form. Results After controlling for depressive symptoms and sociodemographic variables, hope and agency moderated the thwarted belongingness-suicide risk relation, and hope, agency, and pathways moderated the acquired capability for suicide-risk relation. Conclusions Hope may play an important role in reducing suicide risk among older adults experiencing thwarted belongingness and who have acquired the capability for suicide. Research is required to identify ways of reducing suicide risk among older adults who experience perceived burdensomeness. Clinical Implications Increasing hope may reduce suicide risk among older adults experiencing thwarted belongingness and who have acquired the capability for suicide.

Social exclusion, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness: construct validity and psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire among patients with sexually transmitted infections in Shanghai, China

BackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a serious public health problem worldwide. Patients with STIs have a high rate of psychosocial problems and may perceive unmet interpersonal needs, which is considered a proximal and sufficient cause of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The present study examined the construct validity and psychometric properties of the 15-item Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire among patients with STIs in Shanghai, China.MethodsWe recruited 910 patients with STIs (438 males and 472 females; mean age = 38.72, standard deviation [SD] = 13.034) from the Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital using accidental sampling. Baseline descriptive statistics were calculated using R 4.0.0, and a latent variable model was developed using Mplus 7.4.ResultsThe construct validity results supported a latent variable measurement model with three distinct but related constructs (thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and social exclusion) (p < 0.001, χ2/df = 2.475, root mean square error of approximation = 0.057, comparative fit index = 0.931, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.916, standardized root mean residual = 0.044). The Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω values were 0.849 and 0.767 for the total scale, 0.888 and 0.889 for perceived burdensomeness, 0.764 and 0.777 for social exclusion, and 0.892 and 0.893 for thwarted belongingness. Interpersonal needs were significantly associated with low self-esteem (r = 0.539), loneliness (r = 0.573), depression (r = 0.338), entrapment (r = 0.420), defeat (r = 0.579), and low perceived social support (r = 0.424).ConclusionsThis was the first study to highlight social exclusion as a distinct but related dimension of interpersonal needs. This finding indicates that patients with STIs perceive high social exclusion. Therefore, health providers should consider the psychological status of these patients and implement strategies to support their integration into society.

Perceived Burdensomeness, Thwarted Belongingness, and Social Exclusion in Transgender Women: Psychometric Properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire.

Transgender women (TGW) experience serious psychiatric problems and high suicide rates. According to the interpersonal theory of suicide, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness play major roles in suicidality and can be measured by the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ). However, no study has validated the use of the INQ in TGW. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the INQ among TGW. We recruited 198 TGW (mean age 38.47 years) from Shenyang, China, using snowball sampling. The construct validity of the INQ was assessed through factor analysis, and convergent and divergent validity were examined through a structural equation model with other psychosocial factors. The construct validation analysis supported a three-factor model (perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and social exclusion) with satisfactory fit indices: χ2/df = 1.54, RMSEA = 0.052, CFI = 0.931, TLI = 0.916, SRMR = 0.053. The thwarted belongingness was significantly associated with self-esteem and social support, and the social exclusion was significantly associated with loneliness, depression, entrapment, and defeat, suggesting satisfactory convergent and divergent validity for the three-factor model. The present findings indicate that for TGW, high social exclusion is important in assessing perceived interpersonal needs, while the notable deviation from previous two-factor model warrants further study.

Psychometric properties of the interpersonal needs questionnaire (INQ-15) in Army soldiers: Implications and future directions

ABSTRACT The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide posits that two unmet interpersonal needs, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, interact to predict suicide desire. These two constructs are frequently assessed using the 15-item Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-15); however, this measure has never been validated in military service members. The current study analyzed the psychometric properties of the INQ-15 in a sample of (N = 1096) military personnel stationed overseas. Results indicated that the two-factor model of the INQ-15 had a poor model fit in this population; however, a bifactor model with two specific factors representing TB and PB demonstrated good fit. As seen in previous research, perceived burdensomeness was more strongly related to suicidal ideation severity than thwarted belongingness. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.

Role of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness and psychological distress in the association between adverse childhood experiences and suicidal ideation in college students.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a detrimental impact on short- and long-term mental and physical health. A growing body of research has indicated that the prevalence of suicidal phenomena is significantly higher among individuals with a history of ACEs. However, there is a lack of understanding about processes that result in ACEs leading to suicidal ideation when testing within a theoretical framework. To develop and test a multidimensional model that would explain the association between ACEs and suicidal ideation in college students. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey completed by 321 college students primarily recruited from universities in Ireland. Participants were aged 18-21 (n = 176) and 22-25 years (n = 145). An ACEs questionnaire, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, which assessed thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, the CORE-10, which assessed psychological distress, and the Suicide Ideation Scale (SIS) were administered. After controlling for gender and sexual orientation, results revealed a significant direct effect of ACEs on suicidal ideation such that more accumulated ACEs were associated with higher suicidal ideation (effect size 0.30; 95% CI 0.047-0.538). A significant indirect effect of ACEs on suicidal ideation through perceived burdensomeness and psychological distress, and thwarted belongingness and psychological distress, was observed (effect size 0.90; 95% CI 0.558-1.270). Findings suggest that ACEs have a detrimental impact on college students' mental health. Results highlight the potential benefits of ACE-informed interventions that target thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness to countervail suicidal ideation in college students.

The Mediating Effect of Depression on the Relation Between Interpersonal Needs and Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese Transgender Women.

BackgroundTransgender women are at high risk of depression and suicidal ideation. The interpersonal theory of suicide proposes that suicidal ideation could be a consequence of high interpersonal needs (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness). The current study tests this theory and investigates whether depression could mediate the relationship between interpersonal needs and suicidal ideation among transgender women in Shenyang, China.MethodsA total of 198 transgender women were recruited by snowball sampling. A cross-sectional study was conducted through a structured questionnaire. Suicidal ideation, depression, and interpersonal needs were assessed. Path analysis was used to carry out the research goals and the mediating effect of depression was tested.ResultsThere were nearly 37% of the participants reported lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was positively correlated with thwarted belongingness (t = −5.53, p < 0.01) and perceived burdensomeness (t = −5.02, p < 0.01). The direct effect from thwarted belongingness to suicidal ideation via depression was statistically significant (Std. β = 0.232, p < 0.01). Depression could also mediate the indirect path from perceived burdensomeness to suicidal ideation through depression (Std. β = 0.222, p < 0.01) although the direct path between them was not significant (Std. β = 0.046, p = 0.693).ConclusionsDepression fully mediated the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation, and partially mediate the relationship between thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation. To reduce the risk of suicidal ideation among transgender women, interventions targeting thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and depression are needed.

Supplemental Material for Measurement Invariance of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-15) Across Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Race/Ethnicity in a Sample of Sexual Minority Young Adults

Supplemental Material for Measurement Invariance of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-15) Across Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Race/Ethnicity in a Sample of Sexual Minority Young Adults

The Relationship between Thwarted Interpersonal Needs and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Moderated Mediation Effect of Secondary Anger and Distress Tolerance

본 연구는 20대 초기성인 남녀의 대인관계 욕구의 좌절과 비자살적 자해 간의 관계를 알아보고 그 과정에서 이차적 분노사고와 고통감내력의 매개 및 조절효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 결과는 대인관계 욕구의 좌절과 비자살적 자해의 관계에서 이차적 분노사고가 부분 매개하고, 자해행동에 대한 대인관계 욕구의 좌절의 영향에서 대인관계 욕구의 하위욕구 가운데 지각된 짐스러움에서 고 통감내력이 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 대인관계 욕구의 좌절이 이차적 분노사 고를 매개로 하여 비자살적 자해 행동에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 고통감내력의 조절된 매개효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과로 비자살적 자해 행동을 직접적으로 유발하는 요인들을 확인 하였고, 비자살적 자해 행동을 하는 내담자에 대한 상담적 의의와 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.

Toward Understanding of Suicidality in a Spanish Clinical Population: Validation of the European Spanish Version of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire

Introduction: Suicidal ideation (SI) represents one of the most prominent predictors of suicidal behavior (SB). The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) was developed from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITS) to assess the 2 core drivers of SI proposed by the theory. Despite the relevance of suicide-related ideations and ITS, there is a lack of psychometric measures validated in clinical Spanish population that adequately evaluate SI components of ITS. Thus, the main aim of the study was to validate INQ-10 in a Spanish clinical sample including the genuine cultural and linguistic characteristics of European Spanish. Methods: 315 participants were included in the analyses; 149 of them consulted mental health services for the presence of suicide-related behaviors. A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to identify the factor solution. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze psychometric properties. Finally, sensitivity and specificity properties were explored through receiver-operating characteristic analyses which also provided the cut-off values of the questionnaire. Results: An 8-item version demonstrated a good fit to the 2-factor solution. Likewise, this 8-item version showed good psychometric properties. Sensitivity and specificity indices of the version validated as well as the calculated cut-off points were excellent. Conclusions: The current results demonstrate the utility of an 8-item INQ European Spanish version as a valid measure of the current SI in Spanish clinical population. In addition, the validated form reflects the theoretical framework on which it was built.