Interpersonal Mindfulness In Parenting Scale Research Articles

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale.

Objective: This study was designed to explore the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IMP-S). Method : This cross-sectional and psychometric study was performed on a sample of 491 parents in Iran who had at least one child in their home and were selected using the convenient sampling method. The Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IMP-S), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Parental Authority Questionnaire, and the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale were ‎conducted on the sample. The validity of the IMP-S was assessed by factor analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients, while reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha. Results: At first, the whole data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis based on the original English version of the IMP-S. The proposed hypothesized factor solution was not good enough (CMIN / DF = 7.06. RSMEA = 0.081, CFI = 0.732, SRMR = 0.0860). Exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis led to a three-factor structure for the 28 items, which included mindfulness toward the child, mindfulness about oneself and emotional awareness of parenting. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the data was more fitted with this new three-factor solution (CMIN / DF = 2.06, CFI = 0.82, NFI = 0.715, RMSEA = 0.065, SRMR = 0.0795). The IMP-S was found to have a positive correlation with trait mindfulness, reassured self, and authoritative parenting style, whereas this association for the IMP-S and hatred self, inadequate self, and authoritarian parenting style was negative. The reliability of the whole scale was 0.84 and it was 0.77, 0.83, and 0.68 for the first, second, and third subscales, respectively. Conclusion: It seems that the Persian version of the IMP-S with three factors can better evaluate mindful parenting among the Iranian population. In contrast to people from other countries, Iranian people perceive mindfulness toward themselves and their children during parenting practice as two distinct issues.

Mindful Parenting Assessed in Mainland China: Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale

The Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale is a 31-item self-report measure to assess mindful parenting, and has been revised into a Dutch, Portuguese, and Hong Kong version. The aim of this research was to explore the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting scale (IM-P-C) in Mainland China. The Chinese version was translated from the original English version in the preliminary study. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and measurement invariance analysis across gender, test-retest reliability were examined consecutively in study 1 (n = 183), 2 (n = 294), and 3 (n = 48). In study 4, its factor structure was examined in a clinical sample (n = 288). A four-factor structure was found in study 1 and the scale scores showed adequate internal consistency. The four-factor structure was confirmed with a new sample in study 2. Measurement invariance analysis across gender suggested that both fathers and mothers interpreted the IM-P-C in a similar manner. Significant correlations were found between the IM-P-C and measures of over-reactivity, parental warmth, anxiety, depression, life satisfaction, and dispositional mindfulness. In study 3, results exhibited temporal stability over a period of 2 weeks. In study 4, the IM-P-C was validated in parents of children with autism. The present research demonstrated that mindful parenting in a Chinese population can be measured through the assessment of four dimensions (Interacting with Full Attention, Compassion and Acceptance, Self-regulation in Parenting, Emotional Awareness of Child) and confirmed that the Chinese version is an adequate measure for the studies of mindful parenting in Mainland China.

Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale: Testing the Psychometric Properties of a Korean Version

Mindful parenting is the extension of intra-personal mindfulness to inter-personal processes by developing and fostering mindfulness during interactions with a child when acting in the role of a parent. While some empirical evidence points to various benefits of mindful parenting both for the parent and the child, suitable measurement tools for mindful parenting are still being developed, especially for use in non-Western countries such as Korea. The present study involved development of a Korean version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting (IM-P) scale using a large sample of Korean parents (n = 554) recruited online and a second, replication sample of Korean parents with children attending kindergarten (n = 283). Using an iterative approach of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis guided by conceptual criteria, an 18-item Korean version of the instrument (IM-P-K) met psychometric criteria of classical test theory. Rasch analysis confirmed internal validity of this solution and also produced algorithms to convert the total ordinal-level summary scores to interval-level data. While the reliability of the six individual three-item subscales was only marginally acceptable, the reliability of the total interval-transformed score was excellent. The IM-P-K total scores correlated in expected directions with various other psychological constructs known to be associated with mindfulness, such as self-compassion, depression, psychological well-being, and perceived stress. This 18-item IM-P-K thus offers a suitable self-report instrument to investigate mindful parenting in Korean samples.

Validating of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale in Hong Kong Chinese

Mindfulness-based interventions are increasingly being used in parent training and family-based programs to improve family well-being. The Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting (IM-P) scale was adopted as a measure to investigate the quality of interpersonal mindfulness in parenting. We conducted a study to validate IM-P in Hong Kong Chinese community samples. In this study, n = 837 Chinese parents were recruited. Using a random sampling procedure, sample A (n = 419) was used for Parallel Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis, and sample B (n = 418) was used for Confirmatory Factor Analysis. We confirmed a four-factor structure for the 23-item Chinese version of the IM-P scale, which included Compassion for Child, Nonjudgmental Acceptance in Parenting, Emotional Awareness in Parenting, and Listening with Full Attention. The IM-P was found to have negative moderate correlations with parental depression and stress, and child behavioral problem. It also showed moderate positive correlations with parental mindfulness, happiness, and mental health, but no correlations with physical health, and positive religious coping. The unique factor structure in Hong Kong Chinese samples was discussed. Result of this study indicated that the IM-P scale is a valid measure among Chinese populations but more studies are recommended to evaluate the psychometric properties and utility of the Chinese version of the IM-P.